• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.30-42
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study is to analyze non-medication interventions for self-injurious behavior of individuals with autism spectrum disorders, using a systematic review, and to provide evidence of appropriate services for individuals with autism spectrum disorders with self-injury behaviors in the clinical practice of occupational therapy. Methods : Using the electronic databases PubMed, Medline (ProQuest), DBpia, RISS, KISS, and NDSL, we searched for articles published in Korean and international journals from December 2004 to November 2018. The main search term were "Autism OR Autism Spectrum Disorder AND Therapy OR Treatment Or Intervention AND Self Injurious Behavior." Qualitative analysis was performed, and the results are presented in the PICO format. Results : A total of 12 articles were selected. The quality of the evidence was highest in level IV and level V. Single studies with an experimental design were the most common. Behavior therapy was the most common type of intervention. The next most common interventions were behavioral therapy, brain stimulation and control, and sensory integration therapy with behavioral therapy. The self-injury behaviors of individuals autism spectrum disorders were decreased, and was statistically significant. Conclusion : This study investigated the use of non-medication interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders who showed self-injury behavior. Future research should use higher-level designs, and investigate differences between various non-medication interventions.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2023

Savant syndrome was described before autism. However, they soon became closely associated, as many of their symptoms (intellectual disability, repetitive behaviors, alterations in social communication, and islets of abilities) overlap. Only a few women with autism have been diagnosed with savant syndrome. The theories or hypotheses that attempt to explain savant syndrome, which are common in autism, present differential treatment according to sex. We postulate that savant syndrome associated with autism as well as autism in general is underdiagnosed in women.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2017

Objectives: Early intensive interventions are very important for children with autism spectrum disorder. We examined the actual conditions of hospital-based early intensive interventions for autism spectrum disorder in Seoul, in order to help develop and implement an evidence-based early intensive intervention model for use in Korea. Methods: Nine hospital-based institutes running an early intensive intervention program for children with autism spectrum disorder responded to a questionnaire in September 2014. They provided a brief introduction to their program, explained its theoretical bases, and reported the number of children, their age, intervention time, duration and so on. Results: In the majority of the institutions, the intervention was provided for over 20 hours every week, and the theoretical bases included various applied behavioral analysis (ABA) methods and other therapies (language and occupational therapy). The therapist-child ratio ranged from 1:1 to 5:3. Various types of therapists were involved, including behavioral analysts, special education teachers and (or) language pathologists. There was only one clinic where the behavioral analyst was the main therapist. Usually, the intervention was terminated just before the child entered elementary school. The main merit of the hospital-based intervention in our survey was the effectiveness of the multi-disciplinary intervention plan and its other merits were the accuracy of the diagnosis, its ability to be combined with medicine, and so on. Conclusion: The current hospital-based early intensive intervention programs provide interventions for over 20 hours per week and employ multidisciplinary approaches. However, there are very few institutes for children with autism and very few intervention specialists and specialist education courses in the country. We need more educational programs for intervention therapists and have to try to develop policies which encourage the implementation of an evidence-based early intensive intervention program nationwide.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2014

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests (RRBI) and autistic symptoms in Korean high functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children and to examine the structure of RRBI. Methods : Participants included 147 high functioning ASD subjects and 181 unaffected siblings. ASD subjects were divided into two groups based on the presence of RRBI. The domain scores of the Korean version of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (K-ADI-R), Korean version of Asperger Syndrome Diagnostic Scale and total scores of Korean translated version of Social Responsiveness Scale, Korean version of Social Communication Scale were used for comparison of ASD symptoms between the groups. Eleven items from the RRBI domain of the K-ADI-R were used in principal axis factor analysis (PAF). Results : A statistically lower nonverbal IQ score was observed for ASD with RRBI than for ASD without RRBIs, and more social deficit, communication deficit, and behavioral and emotional problems were observed for ASD with RRBI compared to ASD without RRBI. Using PAF, two distinct factors were identified. 'Resistance to trivial changes in environment', 'Difficulty with minor changes in personal routine & environment', and 'Compulsion/ritual' were included as one factor. Conclusion : Analysis of the data suggests that the presence of RRBI in high functioning ASD is associated with a more severe presentation of autistic disorder. In addition, there appears to be heterogeneity within RRBI in autism except insistence on sameness.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to systematically review the studies on the effects of social story intervention on the individuals with autism spectrum disorders(ASD) to provide the basis for evidence-based practice. Methods : In order to find out the studies on the effect of social story intervention on individuals with ASD, studies published from 2011 to December 2020 were searched on Google Academic Search. The keywords used were "autism spectrum disorder AND social story". A total of 16,900 studies were searched, and from these, 12 studies were selected based on the application of the selection and exclusion criteria. The included studies comprised of 10 single subject design studies and 2 randomized controlled trials design studies. The included studies were analyzed in accordance to population, intervention, outcome measures and results. Results : As a result of analysing the subjects of the included studies, we found out that pre-school children and adolescents were the most common groups of individuals diagnozsed with ASD. In addition to ASD, the diagnosis of the subjects included intellectual disability, Asperger, and Prader-willi. We found out that there were more interventions that were mixed with other interventions, than just the pure social story interventions. In particular, video modeling was found to be the most frequent intervention. This was followed by photo-based social stories. For outcome measure, autism social skills profile was found to be the most often used standardized assessment. For a non-standardized assessment, social desired behavior was found to be the most frequently evaluated behavior, followed by personal problem behavior. Of all the dependent variables, the dependent variable reported as "effective" was the most, followed by "some effective". Conclusion : This study is organized to help the individuals with ASD, families, researchers, and therapists understand the effects of social story intervention on the individuals with ASD in an easy fashion. Further, therapists can use this study as the basic data for evidence-based practice.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.17-20
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• 2015

Autism is a life-long neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by qualitative abnormalities in reciprocal social interactions and patterns of communication. Patients with autism are difficult to manage during dental treatment. Thus they need special consideration like physical restraint, conscious sedation or general anesthesia. A 5-year-old male dental patient with autism was reffered to dental treatment under conscious sedation using intramuscular midazolam that creats anterograde amnesia. Dental procedure using midazolm which cause anterograde amnesia can be effective treatment strategy in autism patient.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of computerized cognitive rehabilitation on the attention of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods : A multiple-baseline design was used in combination with a single-subject experimental research design. A total of 15 sessions were conducted three times a week, each lasting for 30 minutes. The maintenance and selective attention tests in the attention area of the computerized cognitive rehabilitation program were evaluated in random order after each session was completed. To evaluate the participants' selective attention, star cancellation tests was performed as pre- and post-tests. Results : After the computerized cognitive rehabilitation intervention, the accuracy of the participants' attention improved in terms of the maintenance and selective attention tests. In the analysis involving the two standard deviation bands, participants 1 and 2 showed a significant improvement, whereas participant 3 did not show a significant improvement, although the average value improved. Conclusion : The results of this study confirmed that cognitive rehabilitation involving a computerized cognitive rehabilitation program had a positive effect on the attention of three children with ASD.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2011

It is known that as many as 15-20 in 10,000 children are diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder. A framework of the treatment system for children with autism using affective computing technologies was proposed by Chung and Yoon. In this paper, a prototype for the framework is proposed. It consists of emotion stimulating module, multi-modal bio-signal sensing module, treatment module using virtual reality, and emotion recognition module. Primitive experiments on emotion recognition show the usefulness of the proposed system.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2018

The intervention of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is limited research focus on the effect of occupational-based intervention. This study sought to determine the effect of occupational-based intervention of chopstick skills for children with ASD. This study included a total of 3 children with ASD.Using single-subject study design, a changing criterion design and ABC design were implemented. The participants' behavior was observed and recorded throughout each session. In this study, the results were analyzed through visual graphs. The amount of food that was moved using the chopsticks was gradually increased. The results show that all participants significantly improved in their ability to use chopsticks in each intervention session. In addition, Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) improved the generalization. According to the AMPS, both the overall motor and process skills increased from baseline an average of 0.7 logit. The results of this study showed occupational-based intervention on chopsticks skill to be effective in acquisition and generalization of chopstick skill in children with ASD.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2022

Autism (ASD) is a mental disorder characterized by a pronounced deficit in personal, social, speech, and other aspects of development and communication skills. Since autism is a complex developmental disorder that requires a lot of effort to recognize, this research was conducted to develop an interactive data Acquisition System and detect the first signs of ASD in children. The proposed system presents several variants of the tasks in an entertaining form, using hand tracking. Hand tracking is used to attract children's attention and interest them more to achieve more accurate results. The creation of the system is based on such libraries as OpenCV, PyGame, TensorFlow, and Mediapipe. The ultimate goal of the paper is to obtain data on the disease of autism in children for use in further diagnosis by medical experts.