• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2006

Aucuba japonica has variable pharmacological effects such as hepatoprotective, choleretic, hemodynamic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study was performed to investigate the effects of Aucuba japonica extract on oral wound healing. Aucubin was extracted from Aucuba japonica, and injected on either side of buccal mucosa of male mice. Artificial full thickness wounds were made on the site with 1.5 mm biopsy punch under sterile technique. The specimens had taken on day 1, 3, and 5 with 4 mm biopsy punch. Light microscopic examination and quantitative histologic analysis were performed for reepithelization, inflammatory cell infiltration. Reepithelization of the aucubin (0.1%) group was earlier than the control group. And the number of inflammatory cells of the aucubin group was lesser than the control group. In view of the results so far achieved, the aucubin extracted from Aucuba japonica may be useful for oral wound healing and it can be applied as a topical agent on the oral wound. Further research should be performed on the mechanism of aucubin on oral wound healing and proper formulation for effective topical agents.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.173-181
• /
• 2013

Two varieties of Aucuba japonica differ in ways that can be considered adaptive to differing geo-climatic conditions in their respective distribution ranges. Irrespective of growth stage, the mean leaf size of A. japonica var. japonica was significantly larger than A. japonica var. borealis. Smaller leaf size and ultimately smaller stature of A. japonica var. borealis are an advantage under the higher snow load and lower temperatures in the forests along the East Sea where the variety grows. Snow load also acted as an important driving force for structural modifications of A. japonica var. borealis from cellular level in leaves to the organization of branch extension growth. Global warming by changing snowfall patterns in Japan may lead to range shifts in the two varieties of A. japonica.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.177-188
• /
• 2012

We analyzed crown development in Aucuba japonica Thunb. var. japonica resulting from the responses of phytoelements to habitat light conditions over a long period of time. Over the years, the degree of extension unit (EU) dimorphism and the degree of anisophylly were higher under shaded conditions than in brighter conditions. An overall temporally increasing pattern in the degree of EU dimorphism was found while no clear-cut trend was found in the case of anisophylly. EU length and number of leaves per EU co-varied in a spatio-temporal context. The number of terminal buds and their sizes acted as the key initiators of morphological differences of phytoelements which were further amplified following bud break. Leaf area density was displayed mostly in the apex peripheral layer of the crown and the apex layer received most of the incident light. There was a tradeoff between annual leaf production and mean leaf size. Depending on the heterogeneity of irradiance level within a crown, correlative growth inhibition caused higher EU mortality at brighter sites. Due to high mortality, shorter EUs had a mere role in the construction of structural framework of the crown except for the formation of some gaps. There was a strong convergence of EU dimorphism, anisophylly, EU extension growth and variations in leaf size towards formation of functional crown to reduce potential self-shading. Depending on the irradiance level, Aucuba japonica Thunb. var. japonica showed two different modes of crown expansion. At the brighter sites, individual crown expansion was progressive while at the darker sites, individual crown expanded in a diminishing manner and maintained a stable size. A plant's "growth diminishing phase" appeared earlier at shaded sites than brighter sites.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2010

Six triterpenoid compounds, friedelin (1), $3{\alpha}$-hydroxy-2-friedelanone (2), canophyllol (3), oleanolic aldehyde acetate (4), ursolic acid (5), and pachysandiol A (6) were isolated from the methylene chloride soluble fraction of the roots of A. japonica. The chemical structures of compounds 1-6 were determined by the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic methods such as 1D and 2D NMR. These compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. For the isolated compounds (1-3), the inhibitory effect of IL-6 production in TNF-$\alpha$ stimulated MG-63 was examined. Among the isolates, $3{\alpha}$-hydroxy-2-friedelanone (2) showed potent inhibitory effect on IL-6 production in TNF-$3{\alpha}$ stimulated MG-63.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.27-42
• /
• 1994

Vegetational structure and successional sere were investigated for evergreen broad-leaved forest in Hongdo. Forty-nine plots were classified into six groups, which are Camellea japonica community, Machilus thunbergii community, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii-Machilus thunbergii community, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii community, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboidii-Camellea japonica community and evergreen broad-leaved mixed community by the DCA ordiantion and TWINSPAN techniques. Successional sere of the forest vegetation in the surveyed area were proceeding from Pinus densiflora through Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieholdii to Neolitsea sericea, Dendropanax morbifera, Machilus japonica, Quercus acuta and Mahilus thunbergii in the canopy layer group and from Ligustrum japonicum, Ardisia japonica. Eurya japonica. Rhaphiolepsis umbellata through Trachelosperum asiaticum, Kadsura japonica. Litsia Japonica, Camellea japonica to Aucuba japonica, Euscaphis japonica, Ficus erecta in the understory and shrub layer group.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.335-357
• /
• 2014

This study aims at classifying and interpreting on the vegetation structure and the vegetation transition over 25 years (between 1986 and 2010), and the correlation with the change of some conditions (the vegetation height and coverage on each layer and the climate factors as WI, CI, mean annual temperature, mean annual total precipitation etc.) in the Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest,, Hong-Do island. The EBLF is classified into five units of vegetation (Hedera rhombea-Machilus thunbergii community (M-M comm.), Castanopsis sieboldii forest (Machilus japonica-Castanopsis sieboldii community; Raphiolepis indica var. umbellata-C. sieboldii community), community (Qa comm.), Carpinus turczaninovii community (Ct comm.), Camellia japonica stand (Cj stand)). The vegetation transition by CCA had high correlation with the height and coverage on each layer and the climate factors, and it did the succession (transition) that the M-M comm. (2010) from Mallotus japonicus community Machilus thunbergii community Carpinus coreana community (Cc comm.) Aucuba japonica community (Aj comm.) Trachelos permum asiaticum var. intermedium-Quercus acuta community (TQ comm.) (1986), the communities of C. sieboldii forest (2010) from Aj comm. TQ comm. Raphiolepis umbellata-Camellia japonica community (RC comm.) (1986), the Qa comm. (2010) from Ardisia japonica-Castanopsis sieboldii community (AC comm.) and TQ comm. (1986), the Ct comm. (2010) from Cc comm. RC comm. Aj comm. Quercus serrata community and the Cj stand (2010) from AC comm. (1986). the height and coverage on each layer are also changed.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.272-279
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine noise attenuation according to hedge species and thickness of their leaves. The order of their decrease effects was as follows from the highest to the lowest: Osmanthus asiaticus, Camellia japonica, Pyacantha angustifolia, Photinia glabra, Pittosporum tobira, Nandina domestica, Euonymus japonica, Chaenomeles lagenaria, Aucuba japonica for. Variegatar. The result of the experiment for noise atteunation has shown that woody plant with thicker leaves were better than those with thinner leaves. Multiple Regression Analysis showed Y = 7.653 + 26.530 X ($R^2$= 0.385). The order for the subjects according to their effects on noise attenuation is as follows from the highest to the lowest: Camellia japonica, Nandina domestica, Pittosporum tobira, Taxus cuspidata, Chaenomeles lagenaria. The noise attenuation level of Camellia japonica was the highest (14.70[dB]), while that of Chaenomeles lagenaria was the lowest (6.80[dB]), and its difference between them was 7.9[dB].

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.459-476
• /
• 1993

Vegetational structure and successional sere were investigated for the evergreen and nearby deciduous broad-leaved forests in inland areas (Turyunsan, Pulgapsan) and south- western island areas (Hongdo, Chindo). The evergreen broad-leaved forests of the four areas showed a sera1 stage with an age structure mostly under fifty years old. Dominant evergreen broad-leaved species in canopy layer were Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Machilus thunbergii, Quercus acuta, Q. stenophylla, Q. glauca, and Ncolitsea serzceu. Succession of the forest vegetation in the surveyed areas was proceeding from deciduous broad-leaved trees to evergreen broad-leaved trees. The species of climax stage were assumed to be Machilus thunbergii, iVeolitseu sericea and Dendropanax morbifera in canopy layer, Aucuba japonica and Machilus japonica in subtree and shrub layer.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.35-48
• /
• 1984

우리나라 사람들에게는 유달리 높은 간염 발병률이 나타나고 있고 더우기 바이러스성 간염의 경우 풍토병 내지 전염병이라고 할 정도의 양상을 띠고 있다. 현재까지는 이러한 간질환에 적절한 치료약이 없는 점을 감안하여 저자들은 생약으로 부터 간질환에 유효한 성분을 분리하여 치료약으로 사용할 수 있도록 하기위하여 집중적인 연구를 지난 5년간 계속하여 왔다. 연구의 내용은 동서양의 고전및 연구보문을 조사하여 간보호 및 치료학으로 사용한 생약에 관한 문헌적 조사, 이들 생약중 채집 및 구입이 가능한 식물을 구하여 생약엑기스 제조, 이들 엑기스를 간염 동물 모델의 하나인 $CCl_{4}$로 유발시킨 간독성에 대한 보호작용의 검색, 보호작용을 나타내는 생약중에서 자원적 측면을 고려하여 국내에서 많이 생산되는 차전자(Plantago asiatica seeds)를 선택하였고, 차전자로 부터 간보호 작용을 나타내는 유효성분으로 iridoid 계열물질인 aucubin을 분리하였다. 그러나 aucubin이 차전자에 소량 밖에 없으므로 aucubin이 다량 함유된 식나무(Aucuba japonica)로 aucubin 추출자료생약을 바꾼후 aucubin의 간보호 작용을 간염 동물모델인, $CCl_{4}$ D-galactosamine 및 $\alpha$-amanitin등으로 유발시킨 간독성에 대한 보호작용을 보여 주었기 때문에, 이러한 간보호작용의 기전을 규명하는 연구를 진행하였고, 다음은 aucubin 자체의 급성 독성 및 기타 독성 유발여부를 밝히는 연구 등으로 요약 될 수 있다.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.122-132
• /
• 2021

The reexamination of the fungal genus Botryosphaeria on 12 plant species of 10 families was carried out based on molecular phylogenetic analyses using the regions of translation elongation factor 1-α, β-tubulin, DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit, and internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA and morphological characteristics. Japanese isolates were divided into five clades and include Botryosphaeria dothidea, B. qingyuanensis, B. sinensis, and Botryosphaeria spp. Two species, B. qingyuanensis and B. sinensis have been newly added to the Japanese mycoflora, but their host plants are not specified. Botryosphaeria tenuispora isolated from Leucothoe fontanesiana and insect galls on fruits of Aucuba japonica has been proposed as a new species.