• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.122-131
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• 2004

A constraint equation-based control law design for large angle attitude maneuvers of flexible spacecraft is addressed in this paper The tip displacement of the flexible spacecraft model is prescribed in the form of a constraint equation. The controller design is attempted in the way that the constraint equation is satisfied throughout the maneuver. The constraint equation leads to a two-point boundary value problem which needs backward and forward solution techniques to satisfy terminal constraints. An observer-based tracking control law takes the constraint equation as the input to the dynamic observer. The observer state is used in conjunction with the state feedback control law to have the actual system follow the observer dynamics. The observer-based tracking control law eventually turns into a stabilized system with inherent nature of robustness and disturbance rejection in LQR type control laws.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2002

In this paper, we present a sliding mode control strategy for the re-orientation maneuver of rigid spacecraft containing rotating wheels. The wheels are considered as internal devices, and external inputs are employed for generation of control commands. The formulation is developed for a general case while particular example is applied to pitch bias momentum spacecraft with a single momentum wheel. The resultant control commands are used to take the gyroscopic effects into account which are caused by the rotating wheels. The controller designed demonstrates that the nutational motion of the pitch bias momentum spacecraft is effectively controlled. It is also assumed that the external control torque device is of on-off nature, and pulse width modulation technique is applied to construct proper control torque history.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.16
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• pp.117-145
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• 2008

This study aims at searching for educational quality of abstract expression from the expression 'Yeok-goon-eun'[亦君恩/ also the king's mercy] which appears frequently in the classics. I clarified that the expression can be used to mean not only eulogy and missing the king, which is a conventional phrase, but also cynicism or excuse for oneself, curative response and so forth. In other words, the symbol, 'Yeok-goon-eun', has a variety of meanings according to readers and contexts. Like the example of the expression 'Yeok-goon-eun', the expressions of the classics in itself imply deep meanings to experience. They do not correspond to contemporary words which are familiar to current readers. Thus, the expressions of the classics have to be experienced by learners. In specific, 'Yeok-goon-eun' provides the present learners with special experience such as perception and attitude about the world, relationship between the nature and human beings, and cultural practices which attribute to the other. Such perspective of experience has been focussed on that the expressions in the classics have the world of understanding and recognition which is quite different from the present beyond the side of communication and delivery. It offers significant viewpoint in relation to value and quality of classic literature education.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.409-426
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• 2018

This study explores the effect of moral identity on attitude toward and purchase intention of upcycled fashion products by comparing purchasers and non-purchasers. Data from 127 purchasers and 307 non-purchasers collected through a survey was analyzed using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, model invariance check, and multiple-group comparison tests using Amos 23.0. Results indicate consumers with purchase experiences of upcycled fashion products showed a higher level of moral identity (internalization and symbolization), positive attitude toward upcycled fashion products, and purchase intention than did consumers with no purchase experience. In model tests, internalization affected attitude toward purchasing upcycled fashion products, whereas symbolization affected purchase intention, regardless of purchase experience. The effect of symbolization on purchase intention was consistent with prior studies focusing on charity behaviors that are highly visible to others. These findings demonstrate that fashion products are visible and symbolic, so it should be carefully considered in ethical consumption studies. From these results, researchers may obtain insights on the process of how consumers apply moral identity to their purchase intention regarding upcycled fashion products. Likewise, marketers may enhance satisfaction of consumers with a high level of symbolization by putting special tags and logos that clearly highlight the products' upcycled nature.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1641-1644
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• 2005

Magnetic actuation utilizes the mechanic torque that is the result of interaction of the current in a coil with an external magnetic field. A main obstacle is, however, that torques can only be produced perpendicular to the magnetic field. In addition, there is uncertainty in the Earth magnetic field models due to the complicated dynamic nature of the field. Also, the magnetic hardware and the spacecraft can interact, causing both to behave in undesirable ways. This actuation principle has been a topic of research since earliest satellites were launched. Earlier magnetic control has been applied for nutation damping for gravity gradient stabilized satellites, and for velocity decrease for satellites without appendages. The three axes of a micro-satellite can be stabilized by using an electromagnetic actuator which is rigidly mounted on the structure of the satellite. The actuator consists of three mutually-orthogonal air-cored coils on the skin of the satellite. The coils are excited so that the orbital frame magnetic field and body frame magnetic field coincides i.e. to make the Euler angles to zero. This can be done using a Neural Network controller trained by PD controller data and driven by the difference between the orbital and body frame magnetic fields.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.21-36
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• 2020

Objectives : This paper aims to understand the meaning of '少陰人 心之範圍' and to determine its clinical implication. Methods : First, the meaning of the verb '範圍' was examined in 『IChing·XiCi(周易·繫辭傳)』 from where it originated. Based on the findings, the meaning of '心之範圍' in the context of the nature and emotion[性情] of So-eumin as explained in the 『DongUisusebowon(東醫壽世保元)』 was further investigated. Moreover, the clinical significance of the observation of '心之範圍' in relation to determining prognosis was discussed in regards to 'visceral syncope[藏厥]' and 'exuberating yin separating yang[陰盛隔陽]' which come under the severe symptoms[危證] category in the disease pattern of So-eumin. Results : '範圍' as mentioned in 『IChing·XiCi(周易·繫辭傳)』 refers to the process of creating a framework that takes after the tendencies of the patterns of change of the external world that influences mankind. The objective of this process is to prepare for the excessiveness and insufficiency of the change that happens in the external world so as to ultimately protect all existences. The workings of '範圍' could be assumed on a personal level as well. As the nature and emotion of So-eumin is closely related to the purpose and object of '範圍', Yi Jema suggested that through observing whether the So-eumin exhibits '心之範圍' or not, that it could be determined whether his/her innate nature is being properly exercised or not. Conclusions : Whether one's agitation calms down or not even for a moment is the criteria for determining prognosis of the entire disease, while its calming-down relies on proper functioning of '心之範圍'. The way to determine this is through observation of the manifest attitude of the So-eumin. If the So-eumin displays a poised and autonomous[綽綽卓卓] attitude even for a moment, it could be understood as the '心之範圍' process being properly functioning, indicating the overall direction to be heading towards relief of the sense of instability, allowing for a positive outlook on treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.131-142
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• 1997

As a study on a traditional garden with historical value, the objective of this study is to comprehensively understand the internal meanings of the garden in a designer's personal perspective. Tasanchodangwon was designed Chung Yakyong who is a scholar of Practical Learning in late Chosun Dynasty. Considering the features of him and basic approach of this study, the internal eanings of the Tasanchodangwon was approached with the focus on the view of nature of him, and through general review of physical components of the garden. Additionally the meanings of the garden were also reviewed in his personal situation. The result of the study may be summarized as followings. First, according to the view of nature of Chung Yakyong, his intention to enrich life practically by building separate structures for education for his residence, creating lake by having water supply, and creating vegetable garden relates with the view of nature in Primary confucianistic perspective. In addition, the place served as a ground to support Chung Yakyong's attitude to become a man of virtue, Second, his preference to enjoyu tea culture allowed an opportunity for him to accept circumstance positively and discover the self. Components related to farming reflects his Practical Learning. The man-made rock mountain in the pond is a specific technique for Yi-Jing. And third, literatures authored by Chung Yakyong show that internal meaning of Tasanchodangwon is to pursue an utopia. This is closely related to solving his conflicts felt in reality. In short, Tasanchodangwon is a form reflecting the spiritual world of Chung Yakyong, and through interaction with his life, served as a ground to culture his mind.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 2001

The study is designed to classify consumer groups based on their clothing shopping orientation and to examine the relationship among clothing shopping orientation, satisfaction to the shop-master, and factors of the shop-master's nature to understand clothing shopping orientation of women from 18 to 35. The final analysis was performed with 447 (consumers) ailed 336 (shop-masters) pieces of questionnaire. The data was analysed with SAS statistics package. The results of this study are as follows : 1. Clothing shopping orientation were composed of four dimensions : recreational shopping orientation, convenience/economic shopping orientation, store/brand loyalty shopping orientation, and shopping confidence. 2. In the satisfaction to the shop-master, the consumer was not satisfied by the appearance, product-presentation, and consumer-management of the shop-master but kindness, trust, and product-explanation by the shop-master. The shop-master guessed that consumers were completely satisfied. 3. The consumer had an influence on product-understanding, response, and consumer-understanding of the shop-master, and the shop-master guessed that consumers had an influence on every thing of shop-master. 4. The more consumers were store/brand loyal, the more they were satisfied with tole shop-master, and had an influence on the factors of the shop-master's nature. But consumers were confident on the shopping, were not shown to be significantly different in the satisfaction of the shop-master and the factors of the shop-master's nature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.136-154
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• 2021

'Slow fashion' has become a hot issue in the fashion world as fast fashion has caused environmental and ethical problems. This study synthesized the characteristics of slow fashion from preceding studies and organized them into four characteristics (craftsmanship, nature-friendly attitude, localism, and pursuit of exclusive value). This study compared designers, John Alexander Skelton and Geoffrey B. Small with four characteristics. First, both designers sought craftsmanship based on tailoring, but Skelton focused on the eco-friendliness of materials, and Small emphasized the development of high-quality fabrics. Second, we found a nature-friendly attitude in both designers, but unlike Skelton, which maintains nature-friendliness in the process of clothing production, Small showed this characteristic through presentations. Third, both designers revealed localism through their affection for the fabrics and culture of each country. Moreover, Small extended its meaning to respect minority tastes. Finally, both designers pursued exclusive values through collections under the themes of class problem, and gender conflicts. However, Skelton melted these topics into British culture and revealed them indirectly versus Small who showed sensitive topics directly in the collections. This study will provide the foundation for analyzing designers through the characteristics of slow fashion, and suggests directions that slow fashion designers should move towards.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.89-112
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• 2017

Today, we face many problems at the planetary, national, local, and personal level. What is interesting and important is the fact that the environmental crisis that we have been facing since the 1960s is seen by many environmentalists as a crisis of Western civilization, a slow collective suicide, and "the defining challenge of our age." This fact has encouraged many environmentalists, thinkers, and activists to turn to the wisdom of the East for a better and deeper understanding of nature and humanity for a sustainable future. Moreover, environmental, social, and economic threats are aimed at everyone without discrimination, be they Christian, Jew, Muslim, or Buddhist. Therefore, the very nature of the environmental crisis and challenge requires a cooperative, global response. In this context, this study suggests that Eastern societies may re-discover the richness of their own traditions in the light of pressing environmental problems and offer new insights to respond to these problems. This paper will explore the possibility and relevance of Sir Muhammad Iqbal's (1877-1938) ideas for an attitude of reverence and care for nature. It will suggest that his ideas could enlarge and enrich our perspective of ourselves vis $\grave{a}$ vis nature, and raise our "ecological consciousness" and moral responsibility to take action for the environment. It will be argued that Iqbal, as a great and towering son of the Silk Road and a bridge between East and West, is still relevant for us.