• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 2022

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of women's empowerment on the immunization of Indonesian children. The secondary objective was to examine the effect of wealth as a factor modifying this association. Methods: We utilized data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The subjects were married women with children aged 12-23 months (n=3532). Complete immunization was defined using the 2017 IDHS definition. Multiple components of women's empowerment were measured: enabling resources, decision-making involvement, and attitude toward intimate partner violence. The primary analysis was conducted using binomial logistic regression. Model 1 represented only the indicators of women's empowerment and model 2 controlled for socio-demographic variables. Subgroup analyses were conducted for each wealth group. Results: The primary analysis using model 1 identified several empowerment indicators that facilitated complete immunization. The analysis using model 2 found that maternal education and involvement in decision-making processes facilitated complete immunization in children. Subgroup analyses identified that wealth had a modifying effect. The indicators of women's empowerment were strong determinants of complete immunization in lower wealth quintiles but insignificant in middle-income and higher-income quintiles. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore women's empowerment as a determinant of child immunization in Indonesia. The results indicate that women's empowerment must be considered in Indonesia's child immunization program. Women's empowerment was not found to be a determinant in higher wealth quintiles, which led us to rethink the conceptual framework of the effect of women's empowerment on health outcomes.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2013

In order to globalize Korean foods successfully, it is necessary to understand foreigners' attitudes about ethnic foods and how foreigners perceive Korean foods. It would be valuable to survey the degree of interest from foreigners when purchasing Korean foods. Thus, a survey was performed on the most common tourists in Korea, the Japanese, Chinese and Americans. 313 respondents completed the survey on ethnic foods (16 questions), purchasing intention of Korean foods (3 questions), and socio-demographic conditions (9 questions). Factor analysis and reliability analysis were conducted to identify the indicators of attitudes toward ethnic foods. Correlation analysis was conducted to confirm the relation between attitudes toward ethnic foods and Korean food purchasing intention. From the results of factor analysis, 5 factors emerged from the 13 out of 16 questions; and were labeled new food seekers, ethnic food seekers, familiarity seekers, new taste seekers and challenge seekers. Items were analyzed to determine the differences according to nationality by using the ANOVA, and it showed that Americans have the highest Korean food purchasing intentions. The regression analysis indicated that attitude factors on ethnic foods, new foods and new taste seekers are strongly related to Korean food purchase intentions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.248-258
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to develop a reproductive health program to improve reproductive health of women immigrants. Methods: The participants in the study were 58 immigrant women who lived in Vietnam, China, Philippines, or Cambodia before marriage. They were assigned to the experiment group (n=29) or the control group (n=29). The reproductive health program for this study consisted of reproductive health education, health counseling, phone monitoring, and emotional support based on Cox (1982)'s Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior and was implemented for four weeks. Results: There were significant differences in reproductive health knowledge (t=9.78, p<.001), reproductive health attitude (t=6.59, p<.001), and reproductive health behavior (t=5.11, p<.001) within and between groups after the reproductive health program. But there were no significant differences in clinical indicators between the two groups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the that reproductive health program for the women immigrants is effective in terms of reproductive health knowledge, reproductive health attitude and reproductive health behaviors. Therefore, nurses in public and private facilities, such as multicultural centers and public health centers in each community, should develop strategies to expand and provide reproductive health programs for women immigrants.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 2011

This paper tried to research a field employee's character, its correlation to service attitude and its impact on service using MBTI characteristics functional indicators, working at airline customer service center. It is proved employees with Sensing Feeing(SF), Intuition Feeling(NF) and Intuition Thinking(NT) have showed lower satisfaction on their duty than employees with Sensing Thinking(ST) have. In analysis of MBTI characteristics' impact on organization-related characteristics, it is also found out employees with Sensing Feeing(SF) and Intuition Feeling(NF) have showed lower trust than employees with Sensing Thinking(ST) have. Considering other controled factors, this paper found that the more job satisfaction employees have, employees with 1 to 5 years of experience on their duty showed more significant service-focused attitude. Moreover, deputy directors or high-ranked people with the higher job satisfaction were seemed to be more service-oriented.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.133-141
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• 1999

Recently there are increasing concerns on quality improvement activities related to difficult economic situations, more competitive environment, health professional's emphasis on quality, and customer's needs in health care. The purpose of this study was to identify educational needs in the quality improvement for staff nurses. Study setting was an acute care hospital having more than 1000 bed in Seoul, Korea. The subjects were 40 staff nurses who participated in the first Quality Assurance(QA) inservice education. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire which consisted of four parts : QA knowledge and attitude(ten items, by five Likert scale), contents of QA education(ten items, by setting the priority), evaluation of the program(structure, time allocation, place, educational method), and general characteristics of respondents (age, duration to work for hospitals etc.) The response rate was 85%(34/40), Most had positive perspective and attitude about QI/QA activities, but 9% had negative impression and knowledge about this activities. Also they'd like to know the plan of hospital-level QI/QA activities, QI/QA current practice, general hospital system, the role of QA specialist and so on. Consequently, for building the quality improvement activities that is customer-focused, coordinated, outcome-oriented, resource-efficient, collaborative in Korea, at first the education about philosophy, theory, and implementation process of QI/QA should be conducted, and then that on QI/QA terminology, quality indicators development, the analysis and presentation of quality-related data and so forth be followed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2015

In this study, MBTI(Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) test was carried out targeting flight instructors and student pilots in charge of introductory flight training course. The results was analyzed in accordance with the personality type, the preferred indicator, and the combination of preferred indicators in order to see how these characteristics affect the flight training results. Most of personality types of the instructor, regardless of the attitude category such as E or I, were -STJ(70.6%), however the student pilot showed a variety of personality types, rather than professors. Sensing-type(S) students showed higher academic achievement scores than Intuition-type(N), and Judging-type(J) students showed higher academic achievement scores and pilot qualification scores than Perceiving-type(P). The success rate of Extraversion-type(E) student pilots was higher than that of Introversion-type(I) student pilots. As the personality combinations of instructor and student pilot, the academic achievement scores of Judging-Judging(J-J) type were higher than those of Perceiving-Perceiving(P-P) type. The combination of Extraversion-Extraversion(E-E) type showed higher success rate than Extraversion-Introversion(E-I). This result suggests that if both instructor and student pilot have same attitude of Extroversion(E), good training results can be expected.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2023

With the continuous development of higher education, the academic satisfaction of college students has become one of the important indicators to evaluate the quality of education and student development. Therefore, this study aims to explore the role of gender in academic attitude, sincerity, and academic satisfaction of college students in China. The subject of the study was selected by using the purposive sampling method, and data were collected using the survey method. 400 questionnaires were distributed to college students in Guangzhou, China, and 388 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. For statistical analysis, SPSS PC+ Win. ver. 26.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro ver. 4.2 were used, and frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and conditional indirect effect analysis were performed. The research results are as follows. First, academic attitude had a significant positive correlation with sincerity, gender, and academic satisfaction. Second, gender moderated the intermediary role of academic attitude on academic satisfaction through sincerity. This study indicated that different strategies are needed according to gender to improve academic satisfaction using academic attitude and sincerity of college students. Based on the results, plans to improve the academic satisfaction of college students were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.201-220
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• 2013

This study focused on science activities that need collaborative inquiry process and evaluate the effects of small group's science cooperative learning according to personality types on young children's science activities. The subjects are 30 five-year-old kindergarteners. They have been divided equally into three groups, extroversion(E), interversion(I), and heterogeneous group of EI mixed group depending on EI indicators through K-ABC cognitive ability tests and MMTIC personality types targeting. Both of groups have 10 members each. For data analysis, scientific attitude was analyzed with ANCOVA, scientific knowledge development was done with frequency analysis. As a result, first there was a difference in scientific knowledge development between the homogeneous group and heterogeneity group in small group's cooperative learning. Through the results of a Scheffe post-hoc test, there was a significant difference between E and I homogeneous groups but there was no difference between I homogeneous group and the heterogeneity group, and between E homogeneous group and the heterogeneity group, I homogeneous group had the most effective group composition in scientific attitude improvement.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.218-236
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• 1995

The author studied prognostic indicators of sixty Korean male alcoholics in psychological, social and biological aspects who were divided into abstinent and drinking groups. Thirty patients were assigned to each group. They were controlled in age and sex. Both groups were compared in terms of the demographic characteristics, past drinking history, treatment history, famaily history, ego strength and personality factors differences and distribution of dopamine $D_2$ receptor gene Al allele. Also the author studied relation of clinical course, alcoholic family history and dopamine $D_2$ receptor gene Al allele in both groups. The results were as follows; 1) The abstinent group had higher rate of married state, higher economic status, longer education years and maintained more stable job than the drinking group. But made no differences in occupation and religion. 2) The abstinent group showed higher rate of living with family members than the drinking group, and wives and fellows of the alcoholics anonymous were important factors for maintenance of abstinence. Family loading and parent's characters were not different. 3) The abstinent group had longer maximal length of abstinence but mean amount of alcohol consumption per day were larger than the drinking group. But there were no differences in duration of past drinking, drinking pattern, main drinking time, first drinking age and preference of the kind of alcoholic beverage in the past drinking history. 4) The abstinent group showed stronger treatment motivation, absolute abstinence in treatment goal, more voluntary adimission and maintained longer therapeutic relationship otter discharge than the drinking group. But both groups showed negative attitude toward antabuse therapy. 5) The abstinent group had higher mean score in ego strength scale than the drinking group. 6) In the personality factor questionnaire, the abstinent group showed strong laugh poise and the trait of praxernia, conservatism personality but the drinking group showed tough poise, the trait of weak ego strength(unstableness) and tough mindedness personality. 7) In comparision of dopamine $D_2$ receptor gene A1 allele, the prevalence of A1 allele was seventy percent and the frequency was 0.38 in the abstinent group. The prevalence of A1 allele was sixty percent and the frequency was 0.42 in the drinking group. Both groups were not significantly different in A1 allele prevalence and frequency. 8) In comparision of dopamine $D_2$ receptor gene A1 allele according to alcoholic family history, the prevalence of A1 allele was seventy percent and the frequency was 0.43 in the family history positive group. The prevalence of A1 allele was sixty-one percent and the frequency was 0.38 in the family history negative group. Both groups were not significantly different in A1 allele prevalence and frequency. In comparision of past drinking history according to alcoholic family history, the family history positive group showed earlier first drinking and problem drinking, but the family history negative group hod longer duration of past drinking. The mean amount of alcohol consumption per day, the longest duration of abstinence and Alcoholism Screening Test of Seoul Natoinal Mental Hospital(NAST) results were not significant. In conclusion, the results suggest that successful prognostic indicators of Korean alcoholics are married state, higher economic status, longer education years, stable job, living with family members, longer abstinence during past drinking history, strong treatment motivation, absolute abstinence in treatment goal, voluntary adimission, maintained therapeufic relationship, strong ego strength and the trait of praxernia, conservatism personality. But occupation, religion, alcoholic family history, parent's characters, duration of past drinking, drinking pattern, main drinking time, first drinking age, preference of the kind of alcoholic beverage, attitude to antabuse therapy and distribution of dopamine $D_2$ receptor A1 allele were not significantly related to the prognostic indicators of Korean alcoholics.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2011

Purpose: The Assessing Care Of Vulnerable Elders project has developed indicators for the quality of the end-of-life (EOL) care. However, family members of cancer patients may have a different view on the quality indicators (QIs) established by health care experts. We evaluated the QIs from the family members' perspective. Methods: The information used in this study was gathered by surveying family members of cancer patients who were admitted to the inpatient hospice ward in Korea. A cross-sectional anonymous questionnaire was distributed to 120 potential respondents from July to October 2009. We included 69 responses in this study (effective response rate, 57.5%). Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS for Win ver. 14.0, with independent t-test and Pearson's chi-square test. Results: Among QIs for good hospice care, families agreed the most on "Medical examination by the palliative care team or specialist" (88.4%) and "Dying in the family's presence" (88.4%). They agreed the least on "Discussing cardiopulmonary resuscitation with patients" (15.9%). Among QIs for bad hospice care, "Occurrence of fall or pressure ulcer are undesirable" showed the highest agreement rate (94.2%). The lowest agreement rate was 11.6% on "Dying in the hospital is undesirable." In addition, women, patients who were aware of their prognoses, and people with a high socioeconomic status tended to agree more on the QIs. Conclusion: Patients' families did not agree on some of the QIs recommended by previous studies. Family members' characteristics were related to their opinions on QIs.