• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.2 s.32
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• pp.99-107
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• 1999

Boiler high-temperature pipelines such as main steam pipe, header and steam drum in fossil power plants are degraded by creep damage due to severe operationg conditions which are high temperature and high pressure for an extended period time. Such material degradation leads to various component failures causing serious accidents at the plants. Conventional measurement techniques such as replica method, electric resistance method, and hardness test method have such disadvantages as complex preparation and measurement procedures, too many control parameters, and therefore, low practicality and they were applied only to component surfaces with good accessibility. In this paper, artificial creep degradation test and ultrasonic measurement for their creep degraded specimens have been carried out for the purpose of evaluation for creep damage which can occur in high-temperature pipeline of fossil power plant. Absolute measuring method of quantitative ultrasonic measurement for material degradation was established, and long term creep degradationtests using life prediction formula were carried out. As a result of ultrasonic tests for crept specimens, we confirmed that the sound velocity decreased and the attenuation coefficient linearly increased in proportion to the increase of creep fractiin(${\phi}$c).

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.419-427
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• 2016

This paper proposes a design method of LCL-filter for a grid-connected three-phase inverter using a discontinuous PWM (DPWM) method. When using a DPWM method, many harmonic voltages are generated in the inverter output compared to a continuous PWM (CPWM) method. Therefore, an optimized grid-connected filter design is required for a DPWM method. The proposed design method provides generalized formula to design accurate LCL-filter without trial and error procedures. An inverter side inductance is designed by analyzing the current ripple injected to the grid. The Optimized parameters of LCL-filter can be designed by analyzing the total harmonic distortion (THD) and the ripple attenuation factor of the output current. The proposed LCL filter design method is demonstrated by simulation and experimental results.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.2025-2037
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• 2021

The influence of lead cations on natural quartz (QZ) from Egypt as a glass shielding material for the composition with nominal formula (10Na₂O - (90 - x) QZ - xPbO (where x = 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 mol %)) was examined. The studied samples are synthesized via the melt quenching method at 1050 ℃. The X-ray diffraction XRD patterns were confirmed the glass nature for studied samples. Moreover, the optical properties, and the transparency for all compositions were examined by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Also, the major elemental composition of the natural quartz were estimated via the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. Further, the density and molar volume were determined. Furthermore, the nuclear shielding parameters such as, mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number, electronic density, the total atomic, and electronic cross sections as well as the mean free path, and the half value layer with different gamma ray energies (81 keV-1407 keV) were calculated. Besides, the results showed that the shielding behavior towards the gamma ray radiation for all glass samples was increased as the increment in PbO concentration in the glass system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2000

Boiler high-temperature pipelines such as main steam pipe, header and steam drum in fossil power plants are degraded by creep damage due to severe operating conditions such as high temperature and high pressure for an extended period time. Conventional measurement techniques(replica method, electric resistance method, and hardness test method) for measuring creep damage have such disadvantages as complex preparation and measurement procedures, too many control parameters. And also these techniques have low practicality and applied only to component surfaces with good accessibility. In this paper, artificial creep degradation test and ultrasonic measurement for their creep degraded specimens(Cr-Mo alloy steels) were carried out for the purpose of evaluation for creep damage. Absolute measuring method of quantitative ultrasonic measurement for material degradation was established, and long term creep degradation tests using life prediction formula were carried out. As a result of ultrasonic tests for crept specimens. we conformed that both the sound velocity decreased and attenuation coefficient linearly increased in proportion to the Increase of creep life fraction($\Phi$c).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.2328-2339
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• 1992

The propagation of coherent time-harmonic elastic L-and SV-waves is studied in a medium with random distribution of cylindrical inclusions. The purpose of the research is to characterize the dynamic elastic moduli and the attenuation properties of fiber-reinforced composite materials. The cylindes representing the fibers are assumed to be distributed in parallel with each other and the direction of incident waves are normal to the cylinder axes. A multiple scattering formula using the single scattering coefficients in conjunction with the Lax's quasicrystalline approximation is derived from which the dispersion relation for such medium is obtained. In order to formulate the multiple scattering interaction between cylinders, the pair correlation functions are generated by the Monte Carlo simulation technique. From the numerically evaluated complex wavenumbers, the propagation speed of the average wave, the coherent attenuation and the effective elastic moduli are presented as functions of frequency and fiber volume fraction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.05b
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• pp.78-81
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• 2000

A new type low-pass filter design method based on a coupled line and transmission line theory is proposed to suppress harmonics by attenuation poles in the stop band The design formula are derived using the equivalent circuit of a coupled transmission line. The new low-pass filter structure is shown to have attractive properties such as compact size, wide stop band range and low insertion loss. The seventh-order low-pass filter designed by present method Ins a cutoff frequency of 0.9 GHz with a 0.01 dB ripple level. The coupled line type low-pass filter with stripline configuration was fabricated by using a high-temperature superconducting (HTS ; $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$) thin film on MgO(100) substrate. Since the HTS coupled line type low-pass filter was proposed with five attenuation poles in stop band such as 1.8, 2.5, 4, 5.5, 62 GHz. The fabricated low-pass filter has improved the attenuation characteristics up to seven times of the cutoff frequency Bemuse of good rejection of the spurious signals and harmonics, our low-pass filter is applicable to mobile base station systems such as cellular, personal communication systems and international mobile telecommunication(IMT)-2000 systems.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2018

Background: Gamma-ray spectrometry helps in radiation shielding problems and different applications of radioisotopes. Experimental arrangements including broad beam geometries are widely used. The aim is to investigate and evaluate the ${\gamma}-ray$ spectra via attenuation by environmental materials. Materials and Methods: The photo peak to nominated parts in the ${\gamma}-ray$ spectra and the attenuation coefficients ${\mu}_b/{\rho}$ from broad beam geometries are measured for the materials water, soil, sand and cement at the energies 0.662, 1.25, and 1.332 MeV with a $3{^{\prime}^{\prime}}{\times}3{^{\prime}^{\prime}}$ NaI(Tl) detector. Results and Discussion: The ${\gamma}-ray$ spectra vary according to changes in the effective atomic number $Z_{eff}$ of the attenuator, the photon energy and the solid angle. The peak to total ratios are the most sensitive parts to variations in the experimental conditions and overturn in the region 0.663 MeV to 1.332 MeV. This is indicated as inversion trend. The results are discussed in view of $Z_{eff}$ and the experimental conditions. The intensity build-up is larger at the lower energy and larger scattering angles in agreement with Klein-Nishina formula and other results. The build-up factor B is$${\sim_=}$$1 at high ${\gamma}-energies$ and small scattering angles. Conclusion: The sensitivity to material characteristics decrease gradually from peak: to total, to Compton valley, to Compton plateau ratios. Rigorous collimation is necessary at small energies. Cement, of the largest $Z_{eff}$, is characterized by the maximum broad beam mass attenuation coefficients ${\mu}_b/{\rho}$. The obtained results provide information to decide for the suitable experimental set-up based on aim of the work.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.6 s.99
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• pp.635-644
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• 2005

This paper is. a study on relation between road traffic noise(RTN) and sound power level(PWL). At present, many experimental formulae and prediction formulae are used for prediction of RTN. But these formulae are difficult to appiy to the metropolitan area because these formulae are inaccurate in the different condition from reference condition. This paper calculate RTN and PWL of each prediction formula, choose the best one and make a noise map of the subject area. Procedure is as follows. First, calculate $L_{eq}$ of RTN using experimental formulae and prediction formulae. Second, calculate PWL using $L_{eq}$ of RTN and distance attenuation for point source at semi-free field. Third, choose the most accurate formula. And finally, make a noise map of the subject area at present and future. The result using noise map will be able to apply to application field. Noise mapping tool used on this paper is Raynoise program using Ray Tracing Method(RTM), Mirror Image Source Method(MISM) and Hybrid Method(HM).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.869-875
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to derive a formula for calculating the effective energy of an X-ray beam generated by a CT simulator. Under 90, 120, and 140 kVp X-ray beams, the CT number calibration insert part of the AAPM CT performance phantom was scanned 5 times with a CT simulator. The CT numbers of polyethylene, polystyrene, water, nylon, polycarbonate, and acrylic were measured for each CT slice image. The average value of CT number measured under a single tube voltage and the linear attenuation coefficients corresponding to each photon energy calculated from the data of the National Institute of Standards and Technology were linearly fitted. Among the obtained correlation coefficients, the photon energy having the maximum value was determined as the effective energy. In this way, the effective energy of the X-ray beam generated at each tube voltage was determined. By linearly fitting the determined effective energies(y) and tube voltages(x), y=0.33026x+30.80263 as an effective energy calculation formula was induced.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.5-10
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• 1973

The exact shape of the ceater conductor of a snaked line antenna is not important in determining it's radiating properties. An analysis is therefore made by standard priciples of a snaked line antenna having a simple shape for the center conductor. The approach leads to an explicit formula for the structure attenuation constant in terms of its geometrical parameters. Experimental results support the theory.