• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2019

Objectives: We aimed to compare the differences in parenting stress, parenting attitudes, and parents' mental health between different adult attachment styles. Methods: Forty-four parents who completed a parental education program were enrolled in our study. They completed the Korean version of the Experience of Close Relationship Revised, Korean-Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, Maternal Behavior Research Instrument, and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Results: The avoidant attachment score positively correlated with parenting stress. The anxious attachment score showed a positive relationship with parenting stress, hostile parenting attitude, and psychopathology, but a negative association with an affectionate parenting attitude. The secure attachment group exhibited a more autonomous, affectionate parenting style and a less hostile parenting attitude and less parenting stress than the insecure attachment group. Dismissing-avoidant attachment parents reported significantly higher parenting stress scores than secure attachment parents. Preoccupied and fearful-avoidant attachment parents displayed a more hostile parenting style than secure attachment parents. Dismissing-avoidant and preoccupied parents reported a less affectionate parenting attitude than secure attachment parents. Conclusion: There were differences in parenting stress, parenting attitudes, and parents' mental health depending on the adult attachment style. More specific education and interventions based on parental attachment type are necessary for parents.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.125-136
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• 2002

This study investigated the relationships between parental marital conflict, attachment to parents and peer relationships. The mediating role of attachment to parents was also explored in the relationship between parental marital conflict and peer relationships. Two hundred eighty four 8th graders participated in this study. The participants answered questionnaires regarding parental marital conflict, attachment to parents, qualify of their friendship, and attachment to peers. The main results of the study are as follows: First, adolescents who perceived a higher level of parental marital conflict reported less positive feelings and more negative feelings toward their friends. They also reported lower peer attachment, and tended to perceive their friendship functions negative. Second, adolescents who showed stronger attachment to their parents reported more positive feelings and less negative feelings toward their friends. They reported higher peer attachment, and perceived friendship functions positively. Third, adolescents who perceived a higher level of parental marital conflict showed weaker attachment to their parents. Finally, attachment to fathers and mothers mediated the association between parental marital conflict and peer relationships. In other words, parental marital conflict had an indirect effect on peer relationships. The results suggest that attachment to fathers and mothers that resulted from parental marital conflict played an important role in determining peer relationships among adolescents, rather than the existence of the parental marital conflict itself.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.269-280
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among attachment with parents, self-differentiation, and stress coping strategies. The participants of the present study were 142 male and 161 female college students in Jeolla-Do province. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaire method. The major results of this research were as follows. First, there was significant positive correlation between the level of attachment with parents and self-differentiation, indicating that the greater the level of attachment with parents, the higher the level of self-differentiation. Second, active coping was associated with higher levels of differentiation of self and passive coping were associated with lower levels of differentiation. Third, there was significant positive correlation between the level of attachment with parents and active coping, indicating that the greater the level of attachment with parents, students used more active coping than passive coping. Finally, multiple regression analysis were performed to attachment with parents and self-differentiation. It was found that attachment with parents was the most powerful predictor of active coping and self-differentiation was the most powerful predictor of passive coping.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2019

This study investigated the significant difference in the influences of pregnant couples' attachment representation for parents of origin on their psychological symptoms according to groups. One hundred and eighty two pregnant couples answered the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by means of frequency, percentages, t-test. Pearson's correlation using SPSS ver. 21.0 and multiple group structural equation modeling using AMOS ver. 20.0. The findings are as follows. First, there were significant differences in attachment representations according to parents of origin and psychological symptoms between pregnant women and spouses. Second, there were negative influences of attachment representations to parents of origin on psychological symptoms for both the pregnant women group and their spouses group, respectively. Last, the negative effects of attachment representation for parents of origin on their psychological symptoms according to groups were significantly different; consequently, the impact on the spouses group was stronger than the pregnant women group. The results imply that policies to help pregnant couples reduce psychological symptoms should be provided. In addition, the unexpected result on the weaker impact of pregnant women's attachment representation for parents of origin on their psychological symptoms suggests it is better to consider other factors simultaneously (such as a romantic attachment to spouses) that might provide a moderating role. The study results are meaningful because it is the first to apply a statistically advanced method to analyze pregnant women and spouses in relation to parents of origin on their psychological symptoms.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.63-72
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• 2004

This study investigated the impact of parents' marital conflict and adult attachment on ego-resiliency among college students. The participants were three hundred sixty six undergraduate students (118 men and 248 women) enrolled in a university in Gyeongbuk Province. Survey questionnaires were used to measure parents' marital conflict perceived by the students, adult attachment, and ego-resiliency. Data were analyzed by means, standard deviations, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, correlation, and multiple regressions. Results are summarized in the following: (1) Male students' ego-resiliency level was higher than lunate students'. (2) Students' ego-resiliency was higher in the group whose parents remained married than in the group whose parents did not. (3) The level of parents' marital conflict perceived by students was negatively correlated with their ego-resiliency. The level of adult attachment was positively correlated with students' ego-resiliency. (4) Regression analysis showed that adult attachment was more influential on college students' ego-resiliency than parents' marital conflict as perceived by the students.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

Research with parents of children with Asperger Syndrome was conducted to assess whether the level of positive parental attachment correlated positively with positive parenting behaviors and negatively with negative parenting behaviors. Participants were recruited from internet. The Parental Bonding Inventory measured parents' perception of their bonding or attachment with three aspects of their own parents: warmth, control, and care. In the Parenting Behavior Inventory, parents reported recent interaction/reaction behaviors with their child, and results focused on two aspects of parenting, supportive/engaged and hostile/coercive behaviors: each identified as problematic to parenting and attributable to a variety of specific parenting behaviors. Analysis of demographic variables for correlations with positive parenting behaviors and negative parenting behaviors were carried out by Pearson correlations. Two separate standard multiple regressions, one for positive parenting behaviors and one for negative parenting behaviors, were conducted. Findings support the hypothesis that positive early attachment experience of parents has a significant impact upon their own positive parenting skills with their child with Asperger Syndrome. However, multiple regression of negative parenting behavior found no significant negative contribution by parental attachment. Demographic variables proved to be important.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to explore the self-concept and school life adjustment based on group classification of attachment types with parents, teachers and peer groups among 6th grade students at elementary schools. The findings suggest that attachment is highest with one's mothers, followed by peer groups, fathers and teachers. This is in accordance with the overall tendencies of children to be attached to their parents, teachers, peer groups, according to their self-concept and school life adjustment. In addition, the tendency of attachment with parents, teachers, and peer groups according to gender is not meaningful except for peer-group affection between boys and girls. Furthermore, an integrated attachment type is ranked highest, followed by parents attachment type, peer attachment type, and unstable attachment type, in order based on cluster analysis. Finally, each attachment group among students showed meaningful differences in socio-demographic variables, self-concept, and school life adjustment.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.33-49
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• 1999

Loneliness in adolescence was examined in relation to peer aggression /victimization and to parental attachment with sample of 426 eighth graders in a suburban city. The subjects rated themselves on questionnaires regarding attachment to parents, peer experiences, and loneliness. Peer aggression and victimization was also rated by peers. In both boys and girls, the more they were attached to parents, the less loneliness they experienced. The more aggression and victimization they experienced from peers, the more loneliness they experienced. Lonely adolescent girls had lower attachment to parents and higher self-rated victimization by peers.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1065-1077
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to verify whether BND test was an appropriate tool for diagnosis of attachment security and to investigate difference of responsive Characteristics to the Bird's Nest Drawings according to parents attachment degree. The subjects in the study were 525 students, selected from senior high schools in D-city. The instruments used were parents attachment scale and Bird's Nest Drawings, and Discriminant analyses and crosstab analyses were used. The results were as follows. First, attachment indicators in the Bird's Nest Drawings discriminated according to group of parents attachment. Second, for male student, there was a significant difference placement nest, eggs, entire birds family, quality of line and tree picture according to attachment to father. For female student, there was a significant difference eggs, entire birds family, quality of line and tree picture according to attachment to father. For male student, there was a significant difference nest contents, placement nest, eggs, entire birds family, quality of line and tree picture according to attachment to mother. For female student, placement nest, space, nest size, eggs, entire birds family and quality of line according to attachment to mother.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.155-168
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of parental attachment and self-differentiation with fear of intimacy perceived by college students. The data of the study were collected through self-administered questionnaire method with 187 male and 159 female college students. The major results of this research were as follows. First, there were significant differences in the level of attachment with parents according to parent's marital statue, living standard, and father's education level. Second, there were significant differences in the level of self-differentiation across sex, age, parent's marital statue, living standard, and parental's education level. Third, the level of attachment with parents was positively correlated with self-differentiation, indicating that the greater the level of attachment with parents, the higher the degree of self-differentiation. Fourth, fear of intimacy was negatively associated with parental attachment and self-differentiation, showing that the greater the degree of fear of intimacy, the lower the lever of attachment with parents and self-differentiation. Finally, multiple regression analysis result reported that emotional cutoff among the four self-differentiation subscales was the most powerful variable predicting the fear of intimacy. The results were shortly discussed in terms of some implications for education and counseling with college students.