• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.397-406
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes of interproximal bone density by means of videodensitometer and to examine the clinical applicability of videodentitometer to assess the periodontal disease activity.Twelve interproximal sites, with periodontal pockets deeper than 5mm and vertical loss of bone on standard dental radiograph, were treated by subgingival curettage. The papilla bleeding index, the plaque index, the degree of mobility, the depth of pockets, and the level of attachment were measured. Standardized reproducible radiographs were taken by using the occlusal stent with parallelling film holder. The density of the interdental bone was measured on the radiographs by a videodensitometer at three levels: the most 'superficial' level; the 'deep' level, arbitrarily 1.5mm below: and the 'apical' level, where no bony changes were to be expected. The clinical parameter and the radiographical change were measured at initial, and 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment.The results were as follows :1. The papilla bleeding index and the degree of mobility decreased significantly until 3 months after subgingival curettage and showed the Same level in the remaining experimental periods. 2. The pocket depth mainly decreased due to the gingival recession until 1 month after treatment, but to the attachment gain after 1 month. 3. The density of the interdental bone did not show a significance increase until 1 month after treatment, but showed a steady increase throughout the 6 months of observation. 4. The close relationships were shown between the decrease in pocket depth and the gain of attachment and the improvement of bone density at 6 months after treatment.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.103-115
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• 1999

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue which has been lost due to destructive periodontal disease. Various periodontal procedures have been used throughout the years in an attempt to reestablish attachment of periodontal tissues to root surfaces affected by periodontitis. Flap debridement surgery has been demonstrated to be a successful procedure in gaining the probing attachment level and reducing probing depth. A tendency towards impaired wound healing following periodontal procedures in smokers has been clinically documented. But, previous clinical studies on healing response in smokers are based on a retrospective design. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome following flap debridement surgery in smokers compared to nonsmokers. 25 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis were included for study. Among these patients, 13 patients were smokers, and 12 patients were nonsmokers. Mucoperiosteal flap was raised with the sulcular incision. No antibiotic treatment was administered postsurgery. The patients was recalled at monthly intervals during a period of 6 months following the surgery. The patients were received supragingival scaling and oral hygiene reinforcement. All the recordings, including modified O' Leary plaque control record, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, probing attachment level,were recorded, presurgery and 6 months postsurgery. The changes of all the recordings at 6 months after flap debridement surgery revealed the following results: 1. PI on all the dentitions and surgical sites showed no statistical significance between smokers and nonsmokers at presurgery. But, smokers demonstrated a significantly lower % of PI than nonsmokers at 6 months postsurgery. 2. Smokers demonstrated a greater % of BOP sites than nonsmokers on the surgical sites and all the dentitions, presurgery and 6 months postsurgery. But, there was no statistical significance between two groups. 3. Smokers exhibited significantly less reduction of probing depth in the 3 mm or less probing pocket depth(PPD) group, 6mm or more PPD group and total PPD group when compared to nonsmokers at 6 months postsurgery. 4. Smokers exhibited significantly less gain of probing attachment level(PAL) in the 3mm or less PPD group, 6 mm or more PPD group and total PPD group when compared to nonsmokers at 6 months postsurgery.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between osteoporosis and periodontal condition in postmenopausal women. Twenty-eight patients who have been treated at Chonnam national university hospital with osteoporosis(osteoporotic group, mean $age62.2{\pm}6.6$) and 21 normal postmenopausal women with periodontitis(control group, mean $age60.4{\pm}3.7$) were examined. Bone mineral density(BMD) of lumbar spine(L2-L4) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiomemtry(DEXA). Percentage to peaked bone mass in osteoporotic group was 70.9% which had lower BMD than in control group(p<0.05). The number of present teeth were 23.6 in osteoporotic group and 23.1 in control group. Percentage of bleeding on probing was 41% in osteoporotic group and 37% in control group. probing depth and attachment level were shown 3.18 mm, 3.63 mm in osteoporotic group and 2.85mm, 3.11mm in control group, respectively. Probing depth and attachment level were significantly greater in osteoporotic group than in control group(p<0.05). The significant negative correlation was found between BMD level and periodontal attachment level(p<0.001, ${\gamma}=-0.56$). These results suggest that osteoporosis may be associated with periodontal breakdown.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.509-522
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• 2004

This study was performed to compare the clinical effectiveness of two regenerative techniques for class II furcation involvements in human: a combination of bone grafts with PRP vs. GTR with bone grafts. The e-PTFE group was treated with non-absorbable membrane and bone grafts, the PRP group was treated with PRP and bone grafts Pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and gingival recession were measured at baseline and postoperative 6 months. Vertical and horizontal furcation depth were measured by re-entry surgeries at 6 months post-treatment Both groups were statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon signed Ranks Test & Mann-whitney Test using SPSS program (5% significance level). The results were as follows: 1. The change of pocket depth, clinical attachment level, vertical furcation depth and horizontal furcation depth in both groups was decreased significantly at 6 months than at baseline. (p<0.05) 2. The change of gingival recession in both groups was increased significantly at 6 months than at baseline. (p<0.05) 3. The change of alveolar crest absorption in both groups was increased at 6 months than at baseline but there were no statistically significant differences. 4. The change of pocket depth, clinical attachment level, vertical furcation depth and horizontal furcation depth in both groups was increased significantly at 6 months, but there were no statistically or clinically significant differences with both groups. 5. The change of gingival recession and alveolar crest absorption in both groups was increased at 6 months, but there were no statistically or clinically significant differences with both groups. In conclusion, the use of bone graft with PRP or GTR technique improved clinical index of the soft and hard tissue in mandibular class II furcation involvement but there were no statistically or clinically significant differences between bone graft with PRP and GTR technique.

• Oral Biology Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.248-253
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• 2018

Cemental tears are uncommon form of root fracture that can lead to rapid localized periodontal attachment loss. Studies have described periodontal breakdown as being associated with the separation of the cementum from the underlying tooth structure. The aim of this case report is to assess the outcome of treatment of cemental tear with several surgical treatment regimens. Three patients with cemental tear were treated with different surgical method. In all three cases, the cemental tear occurred on maxillary right central incisors. In each case, the root fragment were removed, the localized defect was treated using different surgical methods including guided tissue regeneration and bone graft followed by scaling and root planting. In all three cases, symptoms subsided after the treatment and clinical attachment level was improved up to 2 mm at 3 month after surgery. Both conventional and regenerative periodontal surgery could achieve successful outcomes.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.39
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• pp.241-268
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• 2014

This paper is a study on the industrial security specialists of organizations in possession of industrial technology and their compliance motivations towards security policies. The focus is on organizational justice, organizational attachment and empowerment based on our hypothesis that compliance motivations are shaped, not only by the organization itself but, also by the attitude and principle of the organization's members. The objective is to propose a direction for administrative security policy to increase prevention of industrial technology leakage by identifying the factors' significance through hypothesis testing and thereafter investigating the influencing relationship. Survey questionnaires are collected from the participants of a regular educational program provided by the Korean Association for Industrial Technology Security (KAITS) and analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 software. Through various statistical analyses, following results are acquired. First, procedural fairness and organizational attachment are found to motivate security supervisors to comply with security policies. Particularly, the relationship between procedural fairness and compliance motivations towards security policies is fully mediated by organizational attachment, suggesting that improved fairness at the organizational level will lead to an increase in organizational attachment, which will encourage the individuals to comply with security policies. Additionally, empowerment of the individuals in organizations partially mediates the relationship between procedural fairness and organizational attachment, confirming that procedural fairness empowers each individual and increases his organizational attachment. Specifically, in order to maximize compliance of security policies, businesses should demonstrate procedural fairness when compensating their employees for their work to empower them and increase their organizational attachment, which can increase their will to comply with existing security policies. This research provides insights into how to encourage security supervisors to comply with security policies by increasing their empowerment and organizational attachment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.354-361
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• 2019

This study was conducted to understand the relationship between the clinical competency of nursing students and their adult attachment and self-differentiation of nursing students. Data collection was conducted from the third and fourth grade students who had experienced clinical practice in a nursing university at Daejeon, Chungcheong province in two nursing universities at Daejeon and Chungcheong province. Finally, 169 out of initial 200 questionnaires were used for analysis. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation effectiveness, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS Statistics 22 Windows program. Attachment avoidance in adult attachment was significantly correlated with self-differentiation (r=-240, p=.002) and clinical competency (r=-.237, p=.002). Clinical competency was significantly correlated with attachment avoidance (r=-.237, p=.002) and self-differentiation (r=.248, p=.001). The result of stepwise multiple regression indicates that self-differentiation and attachment avoidance (F=8.707, p<.001) predicts 8.4% in clinical competency. The most powerful predictor was self-differentiation (${\beta}=.203$, p=.008), followed by attachment avoidance (${\beta}=.188$, p=.0015). Therefore, in order to improve the clinical competency of nursing college students, it is deemed necessary to develop and apply educational and counseling programs capable of increasing their level of self-differentiation while decreasing their degree of attachment avoidance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.2727-2734
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• 2013

This study was designed to examine the effect of maternal attachment of infant and parenting efficacy on infant-mother's interaction. The subject were 180 infant and their mother who were early childhood education service in G city. Data analysed with Pearson correlation, regression. The results were as follows. First, there were showed tendency of normal level that mother's attachment and parenting efficacy to infant, infant-mother's interactions. Second, there were significant positive relationships between the mother's attachment of infant and infant-mother's interactions. Third, there were significant positive relationships between the mother's parenting efficacy and infant-mother's interactions. Fourth, the mother's attachment of infant and parenting efficacy has effect on the infant-mother's interactions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.367-379
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• 2020

The primary objective of this research is to develop a better understanding of consumer's post-purchase psychological state by examining the influence of sales promotion and emotional brand attachment on post-purchase cognitive dissonance, taking into account the mediating role of impulse buying behavior. The current study addresses several gaps in literature. Firstly, it is hard to find the direct impact of sales promotion and emotional brand attachment on post-purchase cognitive dissonance. Secondly, to the best of our knowledge, few studies have investigated the mediating role of impulse buying behavior in consumer research. A sample of 256 respondents was collected from Pakistani retail consumers. The statistical findings of this study show that sales promotion has a significant positive effect on the impulse buying behavior and post-purchase cognitive dissonance. Furthermore, results indicate that emotional brand attachment has a negative influence on impulse buying behavior but has a significant positive impact on post-purchase cognitive dissonance. Meanwhile, impulse buying behavior is a potential mediator between sales promotion, emotional brand attachment, and post-purchase cognitive dissonance relationships. The moderating role of Gender describes that the positive relationship between sales promotion and post-purchase cognitive dissonance will be stronger for women as compared to men at a higher level of sales promotion.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2021

This research emphasized that the importance of ERG elements such as existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs. Moreover, it focused on verifying the effects of these three elements on organizational attachment through person job fit. In addition, the mediating role of person job fit was clearly identified as a key variable that can lead to organizational attachment. To verify this, an empirical analysis was conducted on workers engaged in state-owned company, service, manufacturing, and distribution industries in Korea. Through empirical analysis, it was found that all three elements of ERG improve person job fit. Furthermore, person job fit was found to increase the level of organizational attachment. Thus, it was found that person job fit played a partial mediating role in the relationship between the three elements of ERG and organizational attachment. This research also identified which element has the strongest influence on person job fit. Through these results, practical implications were presented and future research directions were discussed.