• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2003

In view of the importance of muscle-specific creatine kinase (CKMM) gene as a genetic factor for athletic performance, we investigate the relationship between elite athletic performance and two restriction fragment length polymorphisms (Ncol and Taql RFLPs) in the CKMM gene. Genomic DNA was extracted from white blood cells of 98 unrelated male Korean elite athletes and 04 sedentary controls, respectively. Two genetic polymorphisms in the CKMM gene were detected by the polymerase chain reaction and the digestion with restriction endonucleases, Ncol and Taql, respectively. There were no significant associations between two genetic polymorphisms in the CKMM gene and elite athletic performance or clinical parameters in our subjects. Therefore, these findings suggest that two genetic polymorphisms in the CKMM gene may not be useful as genetic markers to predict the athletic performance in male Koreans.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2011

Acanthopanax senticosus, a member of the Araliaceae used as an invigorant in traditional Korean medicine, is known to relieve physical fatigue. The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of eggs laid by hens fed on Acanthopanax senticosus extracts on physical endurance and reproductive parameters. Male Sprague-Dawley rats at 4 wk of age were divided into 3 groups of 15 rats each: group A (14% egg yolk powder from hens fed with Acanthopanax senticosus extracts+86% AIN-93G), group B (14% plain egg yolk powder + 86% AIN-93G) and group C (7% fat source + 93% AIN-93G), and studied for 5 wk. The rats' physical endurance was measured via forced swimming tests. According to the results, 53.3% rats of group A swam for longer than 20 min, in group B and C, only 48.9% and 46.7% of the rats achieved this. In terms of reproductive parameters, sperm motility was significantly higher in group A than in groups B and C (p<0.05). However, no differences in sperm count were detected among the groups. Additionally, the serum testosterone levels of groups A and B were higher than that of group C. Our findings suggest that rats fed with egg yolk powder from hens fed on Acanthopanax senticosus extracts may improve athletic endurance and reproductive parameters in rats.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 1998

The present study was designed to compare the nutrient intake and iron status of athletic female students majoring in aerobics (n=18) to those of age-matched(20-22 yr) sedentary controls (n=19). The athletic students were exercising regularly for 9.1$\pm$1.4 hrs/wk and the mean training period of aerobics was 2.9$\pm$0.2 years. Means of height, weight, and body mass index calculated as the Quetlet index were similar between athletic and sedentary students. However, mean body fat % of the athletic students (22.3$\pm$1.0%) was significantly lower than that of the sedentary controls (25.8$\pm$0.6%), indicating the effects of routine exercise. Mean daily iron intake was not significantly different between groups (9.9$\pm$0.7 mg vs. 10.9$\pm$0.8 mg), but much lower than the Korean RDA (18 mg/d) in both groups. Dietary calcium intake of the athletic students was significantly lower than that of the sedentary controls. Hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hb) values were significantly lower in the athletic students than in the sedentary students (Hct : 40.0$\pm$0.7% vs. 43.8$\pm$0.5% ; Hb : 12.6$\pm$0.3g/dl vs. 14.8$\pm$0.3 g/dl). However, other iron status values such as serum iron, TIBC, and transferrin saturation were not significantly different between groups. Therefore, the low hemoglobin levels in the athletic group are probably due to plasma dilution in endurance-trained individuals. Serum ferritin level was a little lower in the athletic group, but no significant difference between groups was found. Serum triglyceride concentration in the athletic students was significantly lower than that in the control students. In conclusion the findings suggest that regular training of female athletes majoring in aerobics is associated with an increased risk of pseudoanemia due to plasma volume expansion and a decreased risk of coronary heart disease by decreasing body fat and blood lipid level.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2003

Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels are influenced by genetic factors, and exorcise increases the concentrations of cardio-protective parameters such as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and apolipoproteinAI (apoAI) in human serum. In the present study, we tested the effect of adaptation to endurance exercise on the association of a genetic polymorphism (Pst 1 RFLP) in the apoAI gene with these biochemical parameters. The genotype and allele frequencies for the Pst 1 RFLP were not significantly different between the elite athletes and sedentary controls (P>0.05). There were also no significant associations between the Pst 1 RFLP of the apoAI gene and the biochemical parameters in elite athletic group. Thus, our results suggest that the Pst 1 RFLP of the apoAI gene was not significantly associated with the serum apoAI and HDL-cholesterol concentrations as well as athletic performance in Koreans.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.11-13
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• 1999

Recently it was reported that Insertion/Deletion polymorphism in the gene coding for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) is associated with human capacity for physical performance. This study was performed to genotyping of the ACE gene to determine the correlation between elite endurance performance and ACE I/D gene polymorphism. DNA sample was obtained from peripheral blood, hair roots and mouth epithelial cell in 739 general population and 200 elite athletic performance students. The ACE gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using allele specific oligonucleotide primers. 155, 525 bp and 237 bp PCR products indicating the presence of insertion(I) and deletion(D) alleles, respectively, were clearly resolved after electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel with ethidium bromide. Of the 200 elite athletic performance population subjects, 68(34%) showed ACE genotype 11,100(50%) genotype ID and 32(16%) genotype DD. Of the 739 general population subjects, 259(35.1%) showed ACE genotype 11,363(49.1%) genotype ID and 117(15.8%) genotype DD. Therefore ACE I/D gene polymorphism was not associated with human capacity for physical performance.(p>0.05)

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the correlations among body composition, athletic ability and nutritional status according to BMI in Korean college students. The anthropometric measurements of three groups showed significant differences in weight, body fat, waist, hip, WHR, skinfold thickness(p<0.001). There were significant difference in vitamin A and niacin by their BMI(p<0.05). There were significant increase in trunk flexion(p<0.05) and maximal oxygen uptake(p<0.05) in subjects as their BMI. There were negative correlation between weight and foot balance, maximal oxygen uptake. Also, foot balance and maximal oxygen uptake were negatively related with BMI. There was a significant positive correlation between BMI and flexion(p<0.50). Grip strenth(p<0.01) and back strenth(p<0.05) were positively related with WHR. Overweight group was significantly inferior in muscular power and endurance but was better in muscular strength than the other groups. Based on this study, the further studies on obesity indice are required for health promotion among young women population.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.602-609
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• 2015

The aim of this document is to evaluate the effect of bite balance on physical fitness and motor capacity to determine the importance of the occlusal stability as a possible action mechanism of occlusal appliance including mouthguards on physical performances. We all remember that day when the prominent athlete was in the news wearing a mouthguard to improve human athletic performance. I once had investigated the determinants of athletic performance in all sorts of sports. Most of the studies had overinterpretation of results and lack of evidence to support the information. However, I discovered great expectations for new possibility in this field and settled for a more academic approach to this intriguing subject. The followings are some examples of the subject 1. Archers who wore occlusal appliances to increase the vertical dimension of occlusion by 2~3mm increased their ability to focus and to maintain good sense of balance. Their accuracy rate has been improved. The appliance was made of acrylic resin (a type of plastic). 2. Canoe players who wore occlusal appliances to increase the vertical dimension of occlusion by 5mm surpassed longtime competitor and won the race with 10 seconds gap. 3. A cycle rider who wore an occlusal appliance to treat his malocclusion surpassed his old record from 10.8 seconds to 10.3 seconds. His muscle reflexes (anaerobic exercise) and endurance (aerobic exercise) has been enhanced. 4. Occlusal appliances had a good effect on athletic performance in most sports such as swimming, diving, and weightlifting. As for the clenching on dentition, people clench their teeth when they push their physical and mental limits during sports activities. Clenching can be induced by physical exertion when maximum muscle strength is retained and this is similarly found in different types of exercises. In addition, restraint of respiratory function is observed. Therefore, creating a occlusal balance with occlusal appliance or mouthguard promoted a favorable influence when an athlete clenches.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.697-702
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• 2015

While athletic abilities such as speed, endurance and recovery are important in the horse, genes related to these abilities have not been extensively investigated. Here, we characterized the horse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta ($PPAR{\delta}$) gene and analyzed the expression of $PPAR{\delta}$ during exercise. $PPAR{\delta}$ is a known regulator of ${\beta}$-oxidation, muscle fiber transformation, and running endurance. Through evolutionary analysis using the synonymous and non-synonymous mutation ratio, it was revealed that positive selection occurred in the horse $PPAR{\delta}$ gene. Two important domains related to nuclear hormone receptors, C4 zinc finger and ligand binding domain, were also found to be conserved well in horse $PPAR{\delta}$. Horse $PPAR{\delta}$ was expressed ubiquitously in many tissues, but the expression level was various depending on the tissues. In the skeletal muscle, $PPAR{\delta}$ increased about 2.5 folds after 30 min of exercise. Unlike in muscle, the increase of $PPAR{\delta}$ expression was observed at 60 min but not 30 min of exercise in leukocytes. This finding might be useful for testing the endurance of horse using blood samples. Conclusively, the horse $PPAR{\delta}$ gene is evolutionarily conserved well and can be used as a biomarker of endurance in horse.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2023

Background: Most Pilates programs for older adults have been based on mat Pilates, and there has been limited research on Pilates with mini-balls. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effects of Pilates with mini-balls and mat Pilates interventions on strength, total body endurance, flexibility, and dynamic equilibrium to determine the differences. Methods: The elderly aged 65 or older living in Gyeongsan, Daegu, were divided into two groups, and the experimental group (n=10) conducted a Pilates exercise program using mini balls for 12 weeks, and the control group (n=10) conducted a mat Pilates exercise program for 12 weeks without mini balls. Strength, endurance, flexibility, and dynamic equlibrium were measured as a pre-test, and post-test was performed in the same way after 12 weeks of application. Results: Comparing the mini-ball Pilates group to the mat Pilates group, there was a significant difference (p<.05) in the 'chair sit and reach' after the intervention. In the within-group comparison, there was a significant increase (p<.05) in 'arm curl right', '30-second chair stand', '2-minute walk', 'back scratch', 'chair sit and reach', and '2.44m up and go' in the experimental group using the mini-ball Pilates program. Mat Pilates program significantly increased the within-group comparisons in '30-second chair stand' and 'chair sit and reach' (p<.05). Conclusion: It is suggested that mini-ball Pilates has a positive effect on the senior fitness and will be a good exercise method for using it as an exercise program for the elderly in the future.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 태권도 선수들을 대상으로 운동, 식이제한, 탈수의 방법으로 단기간 체중감량을 했을 때 체력, MDA와 SOD의 변화를 규명하는 것이다. 이를 위한 피험자는 10명의 대학 태권도 선수가 참여했고, 이들은 경력 7년 이상의 기능이 우수한 선수들이다. 체중감량의 기간과 수준은 1주일간 자기체중의 5%로 한정하였다. 체중감량 전후 체력, MDA와 SOD가 측정되었다. 체력은 근력, 근지구력, 유연성, 민첩성, 평형성 그리고 반응시간이 측정되었고 혈액 검사는 MDA와 SOD가 분석되었다. 자료는 체중감량 전후로 종속 t 검증으로 유의성은 .05로 분석되었다. 첫째, 단기 체중감량에 의한 체력은 근력, 근지구력, 유연성, 민첩성, 평형성 그리고 반응시간에 있어서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 단기 체중감량에 의한 MDA와 SOD는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 따라서 엘리트 태권도 선수들에 있어서 단기 체중감량에 의한 자기체중의 5% 감량은 운동수행력과 생리적 효과에 영향을 미치지 못했다. 따라서 선수와 코치들은 1주일간 자기체중 의 5%를 감량함에 있어서 운동, 식이 그리고 탈수를 고려하도록 노력해야 할 것이다.