• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1999

Since binge eating is known to be related to increased risk of body weight fluctuations, it may be associated with increased health risks. This study was conducted to investigate the risks of binge eating on the cardiovascular system of female university students in Korea. Sixty-five female university students who were interested in a weight control program were recruited from a university campus. After personal interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire, 36 individuals were classified as binge eaters and 29 as non-binge eaters according to modified criteria of the proposed DSM-IV by the American Psychiatric Association(APA). All subjects participate in anthropometric and clinical measurements to evaluate the level of obesity and cardiovascular risks. Binge eating subjects showed no significant differences in obesity index compared to non-binge eating subjects. However, they had a higher level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and a higher atherogenic index. They also showed close correlations with general obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. Body mass index(BMI) was the main explanatory index related to cardiovascular risk factors according to the stepwise regression analysis. Furthermore, obese binge subjects had higher levels than non-obese binge subjects or non-binge subjects for total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, atherogenic index, and systolic blood pressure. The findings strongly suggest that obese young women having binge eating episodes might display a greater risk for cardiovascular disease tan that shown for obese non-binge eating women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 1994

This study was conducted to identify the relationship between body fat percent/serum lipid level and obesity index among school children. The study subjects were 277 boys and 266 girls aged between 10 and 11 years old in a selected elementary school in Taegu City. The survey was conducted for the period of two months from May 1 to June 30, 1993. A $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$index(weight/height3) was calculated for each individual as a measure of obesity. Three groups were classified as underweight($R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index < 109), normal($109{\leq}$ $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index < 140), and overweight ($R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index ${\geq}140$). As for the body fat percent, fat weight, lean body mass were measured by impedance fat, meter(Model SIF-891). Serum total cholesterol. high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride were measured by automated clinical chemistry analyzer(Astra system). Obesity was found 18.1% in boys and 14.7% in girls. Body weight, fat percent, fat weight, and lean body mass were significantly different among three groups classified by $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index in both sexes. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, atherogenic index and T-CHO/HDL ratio were also significantly different among three groups in both sexes. Serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, trigylceride, atherogenic index of boys were positively correlated with height, weight. $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index, fat weight, lean body mass, and triglyceride. The negative correlation was found in high-density lipoprotein against height, weight, Rohrer index, fat percent, fat weight, lean body mass. Triglyceride and atherogenic index of the girls were positively correlated with height, weight, $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index, fat percent, fat weight, lean body mass. The negative correlation was found in high-density lipoprotein against height, weight, $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index, fat percent, fat weight, lean body mass. These findings suggest that the prevention of obesity and hyperlipidemia among school children is very important. Thus adoption of healthy life-style is strongly recommended in school health programs in order to prevent the obesity and hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.429-444
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• 1997

This study aimed at investigating correlation of nutrients intake and serum lipids in middle-aged korean male and female workers. One hundred sixty eight(male ;105, female ;63) for adult aged 30-59yr(average age male ;36.5yr, female ;44.5yr) were selected as subjects during 2 months, from April to May, 1996. Nutrients intake status was investigated by questionnaire, 24-hour recall method. Antropometric assessments, serum lipids and blood pressure of the subjects were investigated. The results as follows: 1. Nutrients intake status ; male was superior to female. Vitamin A intakes of 40-49yr group were inferior to other group but amounts of intake were above Korean RDA(recommended dietary allowances), Intakes of calcium and vitamin C of 30-39yr and over 50yr group in female were below Korean RDA. In overweights group of male and underweight group of female, most nutrients intake were increased than other groups. 2. Antropometric assessments ; female was higher than male in BMI (body mass index). All subjects increasingly with age were increased in BMI. 3. Blood components were above normal range in triglyceride in both sexes and all subjects increasingly with age were increased In level of serum lipids and blood pressure, especially in male's forty and in female's fifty were higher than other groups In serum lipids and blood pressure. In overweights group, serum lipids and blood pressure had a significantly($\alpha$=0.05) increasing tendency in both sexes. 4. Serum lipids and connected factors; atherogenic index correlated positively with triglyceride, total-chol(total cholesterol), LDL-chol(low density-lipoprotein cholesterol) and negatively with HDL-chol(high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol) significantly(P＜0.001). Systolic blood pressure correlated positively with total-chol and diastolic blood pressure correlated positively with total-chol, LDL-chol significantly(P＜0.05). 5. Serum lipids and nutrients intake status: energy correlated positively(P＜0.05) with BMI, dietary fiber correlated positively with LDL-chol(P＜0.05), calcium correlated positively with triglyceride, atherogenic index and dietary fiber correlated negatively with BMI in male significantly(P＜0.05). Triglyceride correlated positively with vitamin C and phosphorus correlated negatively with BMI in female significantly(P＜0.05). Above results, in male's forty and in female's fifty were liable to variation in terms of serum lipids and blood pressure. As increasing triglyceride, total-chol, LDL-chol and decreasing HDL-chol Increased atherogenic index that suggest increasing risk of atherosclerosis. But, this point will be considered more subdivided study.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.273-280
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• 2000

This study investigated the correlations among nutrient intakes and biochemical status in Anyang obese children. The average age of the subjects was 11.34${\pm}$1.36yrs. The average BMI was 25.78kg/㎡ in boys and 25.09kg/㎡ in girls. The average percentage of body fat was 25.62 %. Percentages of subjects at dyslipidemia based on corresponding criteria of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, atherogenic index were 24.05%, 27.85%, 13.92%, 18.99%, 58.23%, respectively, There were significant difference in dietary fat, vitamin A and niacin in subjects by sex. There were no significant difference in energy, carbohydrates, protein, fat, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$with respect to BMI, but calcium intakes were found significantly correlated with BMI(p<0.05).The percentage of body fat was also positively correlated with animal fat intake, animal calcium intake, diastolic blood pressure and negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol, atherogenic index, LHR, plant calcium intake, Based upon this study, the children nutritional education is required for better growth and health promotion of primary school children.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.44-47
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• 1991

Blood lipid levels in rats with high fat-fed hyperlipemia were determined after intraperitoneal administration of a methanolic extract of Prunus davidiana Fr. stems. Administration of the methanolic extract for 6 days produced a significant decrease of blood triglyceride and total cholesterol, and the atherogenic index was also improved. In addition to the hypolipemic effect, the methanolic extract was also shown to be effective in reducing an elevated level of glucose in rats with hyperlipemia resulting from high-fat feeding. On the other hand, blood triglyceride and total cholesterol in rats fed with stock diet were not affected by administration of the methanolic extract even if there was a tendency to decrease. No significant change was also found in the level of glucose. Thus, it is suggested that this methanolic extract probably may increase the metabolic utilization only when fed with excess fat.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 1998

Thrombogenesis and atherosclerosis are mainly caused by platelet aggregation, blood coagulation, and hyperlipidemia. Platelet aggrelation, activated platelet thromboplastin time (APTT) were measured as indexes of blood coagulation and lipid contents in the subjects who have taken red ginseng products (e.g. water extract, tea, drink etc.) for 4 to 5 years. The platelet aggregation in the red ginseng-taking group was significantly decreased, as compared with the non-red ginseng-intaking group, when platelets were stimulated by 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of collagen (P<0.01). The atherogenic index and the ratio of triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol in blood, the risk factors of atherosclerosis, were decreased in the subjects of ginseng group, compared with that in control group. APTT was also prolonged to greater extent in ginseng group than in control group. These results suggest that long-term intake of ginseng products may help to prevent the risks of thrombogenesis and atherosclerosis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1997

The diets with three types of triterpenoid constituents, which were isolated from Lactuca indica, provoked significant changes of serum lipoprotein-cholesterol meta bolisms of hypercholesterolemic rats induced by high-cholesterol diet, together with the reduction of atherogenic index. Especially, triterpene acetates which have triterpene moieties such as ${\beta}-amyrin$, ${\alpha}-amyrin$, lupeol, pseudotaraxasterol, taraxasterol and germanicol showed a considerable hypocholesterolemic activity. The rat given orally with triterpene acetates did not exhibit a significantly higher value of atherogenic index than that of normal rats.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.204-209
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• 2005

본 실험에서는 Lactobacillus plantarum의 유산균의 수준을 달리하여 흰쥐에 투여함으로써 체지방 조성의 변화와 Atherogenic Index를 측정하였다. 각 군별 체중에 있어서 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, E.A.T., P.A.T. 중량은 각 군별 유의적인 차이가 있었다 (p<0.05). 또한 각 군별 LDL-Cholesterol과 Free Cholesterol에서만 유의적인 차이를 보였고(p<0.05), Atherogenic Index에서도 유의적인 차이가 있었다(P<0.01). 이 것으로 LDL-cholesterol과 관상동맥 질환과의 관계가 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among urn leptin, nutritional status, and urn lipids, glucose of 99 middle school girls residing in Kyluggi-do, Korea. Subjects were assigned to one of three groups such as underweight(BMI < 20, n=38), normal(20$\leq$BMI<25, n=36) and over weight(BMI$\geq$25, n=25) groups. The nutritional status of the subjects was evaluated by anthropometric measurements, questionnaires, 24-hr dietary recalls and blood anal),sis. The results were as follows : The mean age, body weight, height and BMI were 13.93 years, 55.19kg, 158.40cm and 21.96kg/㎡ respectively. The mean menarche age of the subjects was 12.64 years and the mean daily energy intake was 94.22% off RDA for Koreans. The energy ratio from carbohydrate fat and protein was 63: 24: 13. Underweight group showed the lowest intakes of oils and fats among three groups(p<0.05). The mean serum levels of leptin, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were 10.57ng/ml 78.80mg/dl, 12.29mg/dl, 48.07mg/dl, 93.50mg/dl and 78.61mg/d1, respectively. The mean atherogenic index was 2.37. There were significant increases in serum leptin, glucose, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and atherogenic index of subjects with increases in their BMIs. Serum leptin showed a significantly positive correlation with BMI(p<0.001), body fat percent(p<0.001). When BMI was adjused, serum leptin showed a significantly positive partial correlations with intakes of animal protein(p<0.05), milks and animal foods(p<0.05), Serum leptin showed a significantly positive correlation with serum glucose(p<0.05) total cholesterol(p<0.01), LDL-cholesterol(p<0.001), triglyceride(p<0.001) and atherogenic index(p<0.001), however, it had significantly negative correlations with HDL-cholesterol(p<0.05). Therefore, these results suggest that the increase of serum levels of leptin may elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease and lipids and some nutrient intakes may be related with serum leptin levels. (Korean J Nutrition 33(1) : 49-58, 2000)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2001

The effects of Cordyceps militaris on the weight gain, the food intake, the food efficient ratio, and the lipid concentrations of serum, liver, pancreas, heart and aorta in male rats fed cholesterol diet were studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were received 4 types of diets for 4 weeks, respectively : a normal diet(without cholesterol), a control diet(hypercholesterolemic diet), a hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with 3% fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris(CF), a hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with 3% mycelium of Cordyceps militaris(CM). The body weight gain of rats fed the control diet were significantly increased compared to those of the rats fed diets with CF or CM. But, the hepatic and pancreatic weights of rats fed diets with CF or CM were heavier than those of rats fed the normal diet. In serum of rats fed the CM diet, the concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and the atherogenic index were significantly lower than those of rats fed the control diet. Also, serum HDL-cholesterol concentration and HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio were significantly lower in rats fed the control, CF or CM diets than those in rats fed the normal diet. Whereas, the hepatic concentrations of the total lipid, the total cholesterol and the triglyceride were significantly higher in rats fed 3 hypercholesterolemic diets than those in the rats fed normal diet. The heart and pancreatic concentrations of total cholesterol were the highest in the rats fed diet with the CR among rats fed experimental diets. In conclusion, the CM feeding decreased the concentrations of the cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol and the atherogenic index in the serum of the rats. But the CF or CM feeding could not decrease the hepatic concentrations of the total lipid, cholesterol, triglyceride in the rats fed hypercholesterolemic diets. (Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 265∼270, 2001)