• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.200-205
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• 2003

The stability constants for the inclusion complexes between carboxymethyl-$\beta$-cyclodextrin (CM-$\beta$-CD) and five $\beta$-blockers, such as atenolol (ATE), bisoprolol (BIS), metoprolol (MET), pindolol (PIN) and propranolol (PRO) were determined by capillary electrophoresis. The magnitude of stability was decreased as following order; PRO＞MET＞BIS＞ATE＞PIN. Among them PRO showed the highest affinity towards CM-$\beta$-CD with stability constants of 383 and 371 $M^{-l}$ for (R)- and (S)-enantiomer, respectively. PIN enantiomers showed the lowest stability towards CM-$\beta$-CD, while the selectivity between (R)- and (S)-enantiomer was higher than any other tested $\beta$-blocker.r.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.92-96
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• 2018

A 39-year-old male presented with severe pain in right posterior mandibular teeth and temporal area. Initially, the pain in the mandibular teeth was moderate, but the concomitant headache was unbearably severe. His medical history was non-contributory. The clinical and radiographic examination failed to reveal any pathology in the region. There was no tenderness to palpation in the temporalis and masseter muscles or temporomandibular joints. The clinical impression was migraine. The pain in the teeth and headache were aborted using ergotamine tartrate and sumatriptan succinate. Atenolol prevented further pain, while amitriptyline and imipramine had no effect. Migraine can present as non-odontogenic pain in the mandibular teeth, although not as frequently as in the maxillary teeth. A correct diagnosis is essential to avoid unnecessary dental treatments and to manage pain effectively. Clinicians should be able to identify migraine with non-odontogenic dental pain and establish a proper diagnosis through a comprehensive evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2013

This study was suggested as fundamental data to control medical materials remained in Nakdong range gauge. The level of Iopromide detected in Nakdong mainstream was $0.0015{\sim}0.37{\mu}g/L$, Mefenamic acid $0.0087{\sim}0.056{\mu}g/L$, Diclofenac $N.D.{\sim}0.01{\mu}g/L$, Atenolol $N.D.{\sim}0.024{\mu}g/L$, Propranolol $N.D.{\sim}0.0038{\mu}g/L$, Lincomycin $0.0005{\sim}0.038{\mu}g/L$, and Trimethoprim $N.D.{\sim}0.0083{\mu}g/L$. At sewage disposal plant in the region, most of them were detected high levels of density. Especially, the level of Iopromide was found the highest up to $5.38{\mu}g/L$. At livestock wasted water disposal plant, the level of lincomycin was detected the highest figure of $477{\mu}g/L$. As a result, medical materials from Nakdong River mainstream got increasing the concentration due to inflow from sewage disposal plant in Gumi and River Geumho in Daegu, which affects residential and industrial areas significantly. Therefore, to control medical materials remained in Nakdong River efficiently, Geumho River and sewage disposal plants shall be continuously monitored and managed, which is recommendable.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.812-816
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• 2017

Although amaranth, a red-colored tar dye, is usually used in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics, its bioavailability and intestinal absorption have not previously been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics properties and intestinal permeability of amaranth in rats following the intravenous and oral administration of this dye. Amaranth rapidly disappeared from the plasma following the intravenous injection, with a half-life of 38.8 minutes. However, the plasma concentration of amaranth was increased to 400 minutes following the oral administration of amaranth, and the absorption time and bioavailability of amaranth were calculated to be 356 minutes and 55.6%, respectively. This suggests that once amaranth exists in the gut, this dye may be efficiently and effectively absorbed. Consistent with this result, the intestinal permeability of amaranth was comparable to atenolol, a marker compound of moderate permeability, and to one-third of caffeine's intestinal permeability (a highly permeable compound). In conclusion, a significantly long absorption time and substantial intestinal absorption of amaranth was observed following the oral administration of amaranth at a dose of 300 mg/kg in rats, despite the rapid elimination of this dye from the plasma. These results may suggest the necessity of a careful and limited use of amaranth dye when it is added to food, lip-care cosmetics, and orally administered pharmaceutics.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2009

Because it is known that bivalve hearts contain various modulatory systems activated by neuroendocrine substances, it was examined whether different classes of endogenous and synthetic drugs of neuroendocrinological importance can influence cardiac functions of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Cholinergically active agents acetylcholine and carbachol increased heart rates while diminishing cardiac contractility. Adrenergically active substances norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi) also induced heart rate increase and contractility decrease. An $\alpha_1$-adrenergic receptor-selective agonist phenyephrine (PE) failed to modulate either parameter. The Epi-induced heart rate increase and contractile depression were both blocked significantly by non-selective $\beta_1/\beta_2$-adrenergic antagonist propranolol. A $\beta_1$-selective antagonist atenolol prevented Epi-induced heart rate decrease but not the contractile depression, suggesting possible $\beta_2$ receptors for Epi-induced contractile depression. The three autacoids examined exerted discrete responses: histamine increased heart rate and depressed contraction; $\gamma$-amino-butyric acid increased both parameters; serotonin failed to change either parameter. The 5 piscine anesthetic agents examined, MS-222, benzocaine, quinaldine, urethane, pantocaine and pentobarbital, all failed to influence the cardiac function of oysters. Collectively, activities of neuroendocrinologically acting agents in mammals showed unexpected and distinct activities from those in mammalian cardiovascular systems. These results obtained from substances of different physiological functions can serve as a basis for understanding neuroendocrine control of the heart function in Pacific oyster.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.276-282
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• 2017

Perioperative hypertension is a phenomenon in which a surgical patient's blood pressure temporarily increases throughout the preoperative and postoperative periods and remains high until the patient's condition stabilizes. This phenomenon requires immediate treatment not only because it is observed in a majority of patients who are not diagnosed with high blood pressure, but also because occurs in patients with underlying essential hypertension who show a sharp increase in their blood pressure. The most common complication following facelift surgery is hematoma, and the most critical risk factor that causes hematoma is elevated systolic blood pressure. In general, a systolic blood pressure goal of <150 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure goal of >65 mm Hg are recommended. This article discusses the causes of increased blood pressure and the treatment methods for perioperative hypertension during the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods, in order to find ways to maintain normal blood pressure in patients during surgery. Further, in this paper, we review the causes of perioperative hypertension, such as anxiety, epinephrine, pain, and postoperative nausea and vomiting. The treatment methods for perioperative hypertension are analyzed according to the following 3 operative periods, with a review of the characteristics and interactions of each drug: preoperative antihypertensive medicine (atenolol, clonidine, and nifedipine), intraoperative intravenous (IV) hypnotics (propofol, midazolam, ketamine, and dexmedetomidine), and postoperative antiemetic medicine (metoclopramide and ondansetron). This article focuses on the knowledge necessary to safely apply local anesthesia with IV hypnotics during facelift surgery without the assistance of an anesthesiologist.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.285-290
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to prove how magnetic field (MF) acts on sympathetic neuro-transmissions using thermal response. Mice were divided into two groups and each one was exposed to MF (20 G, 24 hrs) or sham. Every vehicle or drugs were treated a half hour before the thermal response test. The pain threshold was lowered by MF (20 G, 24 hrs) alone. This reduction of pain threshold by MF was not blocked by a single treatment of $\alpha$-receptor antagonist (prazosin), $\alpha$$_2$-receptor agonist (clonidine, guanabenz), $\beta$$_1$-receptor antagonist (atenolol) or $\beta$$_1$,$\beta$$_2$-receptor antagonist (propranolol). But administration of $\alpha$$_2$-receptor antagonist (yohimbine) completely inhibited the decrease in pain threshold by MF. Moreover, it increased by high dose of yohimbine over normal condition. These results suggest that MF acts on sympathetic nerve terminal to induce hyperalgesia, in which pre-synaptic az receptor might be involved.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.189-193
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• 2021

An 11-years old spayed female Persian chinchilla cat presented with acute onset of blindness from bilateral retinal detachment and systemic hypertension. On physical examination, the cat was tachycardic (240 beats/min) with a systolic blood pressure of around 250 mmHg. Clinical findings, blood works, urinalysis, thyroid function test, radiography, echocardiogram, and ultrasonography were performed to rule out underlying diseases. Organ injury induced by systemic hypertension including bilateral retinal detachment and left ventricular hypertrophy were confirmed by ultrasound. Based on these results, it was diagnosed as feline idiopathic hypertension with target organ damage (TOD). The cat was treated with a combination therapy using high doses of amlodipine, telmisartan, and atenolol. After the treatment, its hypertension and TOD were improved. This case showed that appropriate therapeutic management can help prevent TOD associated with feline hypertension.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.203-216
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• 1995

The effects of ${\alpha}_1-adrenergic$ receptor stimulation on membrane potential, intracellular $Na^+$ activity, and twitch force were investigated in ventricular muscles from guinea-pig hearts. Action potentials, intracellular $Na^+$ activity, and twitch force of ventricular papillary muscles were measured simultaneously under various experimental conditions. Stimulation of the ${\alpha}_1-adrenergic$ receptor by phenylephrine produced variable changes in action potential duration, a slight hyperpolarization of the diastolic membrane potential, a decrease in intracellular $Na^+$ activity, and a biphasic inotropic response in which a transient negative inotropic response was followed by a sustained positive inotropic response. These changes were blocked by prazosin, an antagonist of the ${\alpha}_1-adrenergic$ receptor, but not by atenolol, an antagonist of the ${\beta}-adrenergic$ receptor. This indicates that the changes in membrane potential, intracellular $Na^+$ activity, and twitch force are mediated by stimulation of the ${\alpha}_1-adrenergic$ receptor, but not by stimulation of ${\beta}-adrenergic$ receptor. The decrease in intracellular $Na^+$ activity was not observed in quiescent muscles, depending on the rate of the action pontentials in beating muscles. The intracellular $Na^+$ activity decrease was substantially inhibited by tetrodotoxin. However, the decrease in intracellular $Na^+$ activity was not affected by an inhibition of the $Na^+-K^+$ pump. Therefore, the decrease in intracellular $Na^+$ activity mediated by the ${\alpha}_1-adrenergic$ receptor appears to be due to a reduction of $Na^+$ influx during the action potential, perhaps through tetrodotoxin sensitive $Na^+$ channels. Our study also revealed that the decrease in intracellular $Na^+$ activity might be related to the transient negative inotropic response. The intracellular $Na^+$ activity decrease could lower intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ through the $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchanger and thereby produce a decline in twitch force.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.353-355
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• 2017

A four month old, intact female Jindo dog presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Kangwon National University with collapse. Physical examination revealed a heart rate of more than 200 beats per minute. Blood tests showed mild anemia and mild neutrophilia, while thoracic radiography and ultrasonography revealed no remarkable findings. Electrocardiography showed ventricular premature complexes (VPCs). The dog was diagnosed with congenital ventricular tachyarrhythmia. The condition was improved by lidocaine infusion. After 10 days, the dog was discharged from the hospital with a prescription of atenolol, pimobendan, diltiazem, furosemide, spironolactone, and L-carnitine. This dog is still alive after 31 months. However, progressive cardiac remodeling was confirmed on radiography and ultrasonography. Congenital ventricular tachyarrhythmia is rare in dogs, and the prognosis of reported cases is poor. This report describes the long-term successful management of a dog with congenital ventricular tachyarrhythmia.