• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2013

Backgrounds: According to a high interest in health these days, a bicycle is being highlighted as a means of leisure activity and auxiliary transportation means. Along with an increase in this interest, there is tendency that even the width of bicycle utilization gets diverse and that bicycle accident is also rapidly growing. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to suggest a prevention measure available for reducing occurrence of bicycle accidents by analyzing the Epidemiological characteristics according to age and injury severity in bicycle-injured patients. Methods: This study analyzed 115 materials suitable for this study by examining a medical record of patients, who received the hospitalized treatment owing to bicycle accident from January 1, 2011 to December 31 at one general hospital in S city. Results: The male-and-female ratio of bicycle-injured patients stood at about 7:3. The average age was 38.14(${\pm}21.59$) years old. The largest injury happened in 40-59 years old(31.3%). The averagely hospitalized period was 17.33(${\pm}18.12$) days. Injury severity was the ratio of 2:8 in a mild case versus a serious case. As for drinking and smoking characteristics according to age, the injury occurred the most in between 40 and 59 years old for people with drinking and smoking and in under 19 years for people without drinking and smoking. According to injury severity, the ratio of serious case got higher in the higher age. This was indicated(${\chi}^2$=15.675, p=0.001) to be statistically significant. Conclusion: In this study, a bicycle accident was indicated to have high injury risk in young children, adolescents, and old-age group. Prevention measure and publicity are demanded for reducing injury occurrence such as the prevention education for bicycle accident and wearing protective gear focusing on the ages of corresponding to groups with risk of injury occurrence. In addition, the security of safe movement route is necessarily demanded in order to increase application level as an auxiliary transportation means.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.347-353
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relevance of discrimination and violence experienced by persons with disabilities to suicidal ideation of persons with disabilities. The study data used the 2014 national survey of the disabled persons and 6,332 people were included in the analysis. Suicidal ideation was defined as whether or not suicide was actually attempted in the last year. The reference group was a group without suicidal ideation and logistic regression analysis of violence discrimination and experience was performed. The study found that 18.5%(n=1.171) of people with disabilities had suicidal ideation. The risk of suicidal ideation was higher when there was language violence and mental violence because of being disabled. When adolescents experienced sexual harassment, sexual abuse, and sexual violence, the risk of suicide was 16.7(CI=4.22-66.18) times higher. The risk of suicidal ideation was 5.8(CI=2.34-14.6) times higher for those who did not know the violent offenders and 4.08(CI=2.05-8.12) times higher for coping strategies that ignored or tolerated violence. The risk of suicidal ideation was 1.60(CI=1.24-2.08) times higher in the case of discrimination experienced at the time of marriage and it was 2.73(CI=4.22-66.18) times higher when they had always felt the discrimination due to disability. The suicidal ideation that comes from experiences of violent experience and discrimination can appear as actual suicide. Therefore, it is necessary to support the suicide prevention program at the community level, along with the care and consideration of the family and society of the disabled for the well-being of the disabled.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.sup1
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• pp.102-108
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• 2008

More children today are overweight or obese than ever before. childhood obesity results from an imbalance between the amount of energy consumed and the amount of energy expended. Whether child want to lose weight or maintain a healthy weight, it's important to balance between the calories body takes in and uses. Obesity treatment programs for children and adolescents is to slow or halt weight gain so the child will grow into his or her body weight over a period of months to years. Fasting or extreme caloric restriction is not advisable for children. More physical activity is a key element in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Children can't change their exercise and eating habits by themselves. They need the help and support of their families and parents. Children and adolescents who are just beginning to be physically active should start out slowly and gradually build to higher levels in order to prevent the risk of injury or feel defeated from unrealistic goals. It is important that children and adolescents are encouraged to be physically active by doing things that interest them. FUN physical activities that kids choose to do on their own are often best. Kids need about 60 minutes of physical activity a day, but this does not have to happen all at once. Several short 10- or even 5-minute periods of activity throughout the day are just as good. FUN physical activities will help them establish an active lifestyle early on. Obese people need care not for a short period, but throughout their lives.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.201-211
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• 1999

Objectives：This study investigated the characteristics of detained delinquent adolescents and variables related to the repeated crime during 6 months after release. Methods：The socio-demographic and crime-related characteristics of 73 detained adolescents were evaluated by semi-structured interviews and police records, and the psychological characteristics of them measured by the MMPI. We also compared the characteristics between subjects with and without repeated crime during 6 months after release. Results：1) Most of detained adolescents had families with low socioeconomic status(77%) and broken families(48%). Sixty-six percent of them were dropped out of school. The most frequent crime pattern was theft(49%), and with accomplice(77%). Seventy-five percent of total subjects had the records of previous conviction. Of the previous convictions, seventy-eight percent was same with the present crimes. 2) Subjects with repeated crime during 6 months after release were younger and had higher T-score on Pa scale of MMPI than the subjects without repeated crime. More adolescents with repeated crime had broken families than those without repeated crime. They also showed the crime-related characteristics of higher percent of theft among crime patterns, higher incidence of previous conviction, younger age of the first crime, and shorter crime-free duration from the last to present crime. Conclusion：These results of present study suggest that the development and the persistence of adolescent delinquency would be resulted from interaction of factors of individual, family, school, and community. By the comparison between subjects with and without repeated crime, it was found that familial dysfunction, younger age at first crime, presence of previous conviction might be the risk factors for repeated delinquency. To prevent repeated crime of delinquent adolescents more effectively, early therapeutic intervention and the development of programs to help adaptation in school and community would be essential.

• Journal of Bone Metabolism
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.195-211
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• 2018

Background: To develop guidelines and recommendations to prevent and treat glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in Korea. Methods: The Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Korean College of Rheumatology have developed this guideline based on Guidance for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines ver. 1.0 established by the National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency. This guideline was developed by adapting previously published guidelines, and a systematic review and quality assessment were performed. Results: This guideline applies to adults aged ${\geq}19years$ who are using or plan to use GCs. It does not include children and adolescents. An initial assessment of fracture risk should be performed within 6 months of initial GC use. Fracture risk should be estimated using the fracture-risk assessment tool (FRAX) after adjustments for GC dose, history of osteoporotic fractures, and bone mineral density (BMD) results. All patients administered with prednisolone or an equivalent medication at a dose ${\geq}2.5mg/day$ for ${\geq}3months$ are recommended to use adequate calcium and vitamin D during treatment. Patients showing a moderate-to-high fracture risk should be treated with additional medication for osteoporosis. All patients continuing GC therapy should undergo annual BMD testing, vertebral X-ray, and fracture risk assessment using FRAX. When treatment failure is suspected, switching to another drug should be considered. Conclusions: This guideline is intended to guide clinicians in the prevention and treatment of GIOP.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.29-35
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• 2023

This study aims to find out how the nutrition and eating habit education that Korean adolescents receive at school actually affects and affects their dietary culture. he subject and method of this study was a secondary analysis study using the data from the 18th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey(2022). Statistical significance was confirmed using the SPSS program as the frequency of breakfast, reason for skipping breakfast, fruit, high-caffeinated beverage, sweet beverage, fast food, vegetable, milk, water, and late-night snack intake frequency as variables. There was a significant difference in breakfast, fast food, and late-night snacks between the group that received nutrition and eating habits education at school and the group that did not(p<.001). Regarding breakfast consumption, the group that received education showed a higher proportion of students eating breakfast for seven days or more, whereas the group that did not receive education showed a higher proportion of students who did not eat breakfast at all. The group that did not receive education showed a higher proportion of students who did not drink milk, and a higher proportion of students who drank less than one cup of water per day. This study can serve as a foundation for further studies to improve nutritional and dietary education, breakfast consumption, and beverage intake in schools. It was hoped that this study will contribute to developing more effective nutritional and dietary education strategies in schools.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with intermittent and light smoking among Korean high school students. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we employed secondary data from the 2015 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, and used the biopsychosocial model as a framework. The analysis was performed using the data of 2,851 high school students who smoked. We defined intermittent and light smoking as smoking on 1 to 29 days in a 30-day period and no more than 10 cigarettes per day. A logistic regression analysis using the complex samples procedure was conducted. Results: Among all the participants, 1,231 (43.2%) were intermittent and light smokers. Factors significantly predicting intermittent and light smoking were gender and grade (biological factors); subjective stress (psychological factor); and mother's smoking, sibling's smoking and academic achievement (sociocultural factors). Conclusion: In smoking cessation programs, health care providers both at school and in the community should consider the unique biological, psychological, and sociocultural characteristics of intermittent and light smoking behavior among high school students.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.173-191
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• 2017

This study develops a new type of latent class analysis (LCA) in order to explain the associations between one latent variable and several other categorical latent variables. Our model postulates that the prevalence of the latent variable of interest is affected by another latent variable composed of other several latent variables. For the parameter estimation, we propose deterministic annealing EM (DAEM) to deal with local maxima problem in the proposed model. We perform simulation study to demonstrate how DAEM can find the set of parameter estimates at the global maximum of the likelihood over the repeated samples. We apply the proposed LCA model in an investigation of the effect of and joint patterns for drug-using behavior to violent behavior among US high school male students using data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System 2015. Considering the age of male adolescents as a covariate influencing violent behavior, we identified three classes of violent behavior and three classes of drug-using behavior. We also discovered that the prevalence of violent behavior is affected by the type of drug used for drug-using behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.100-108
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of clinical art therapy programs utilized at schools on adolescents' suicidal thoughts and stress relief and to validate their effectiveness as a type of adolescent suicide prevention program. Methods: 12 sessions of clinical art therapy for youth suicide prevention were provided, once a week for 90 minutes, for 20 students at five middle schools in Seoul who were at high risk of committing suicide. By using the paired sample t-test, the study presented qualitative data on the analysis of pre- and post- questionnaires and on the subjects' EEG test and saliva test. Results: First, through the clinical art therapy program, the subjects' happiness index improved significantly while their scores of depression and suicidal ideation (suicidal thoughts) decreased. Second, in the EEG and saliva test conducted after the art therapy sessions, emotional stability increased and stress was reduced significantly. Third, according to the results of pre- and post- K-HTP tests and individual activities, the subjects started to recognize the seriousness of suicide and show emotional stability and positive changes in overall attitudes, valuing the rights and life of their own 'precious selves' (self respect). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the clinical art therapy program is significantly effective at preventing suicidal ideation by reducing suicidal impulses and depression, by increasing the happiness index, which can serve as a protective factor against suicide, and by increasing emotional stability while reducing stress. Based on the results, there is a need to develop policy measures regarding art therapy programs which can be utilized at schools.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to assess hand hygiene (HH) compliance among visitors at a long-term care hospital in South Korea. Methods: The study was conducted at a 502-bed long-term care hospital located in Gyeonggi-do Province. From July 1 to August 15, 2017, including more than 6 weekends and one holiday, a trained observer covertly assessed visitors' HH at all five units (360 beds in total) of the study hospital building until the completion of 1,000 HH opportunities (i.e., 200 opportunities per unit). The modified World Health Organization (WHO) HH observation form was used. Instead of professional categories and the "before clean/aseptic procedure" moment, the estimated age range for each visitor were recorded in four categories: children (<14 years old), adolescents (14~18), adults (19~64), and the elderly (${\geq}65$). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: A total of 1,000 HH opportunities were observed from 766 visitors (an average of 1.31 per visitor) and the overall HH compliance rate was 20.3%. Overall, 53.7% of the HH cases were performed with soap and water. Among the 4 HH moments, the "after body fluid exposure risk" moment showed the highest compliance rate (83.5%); 93.9% used soap and water. The most commonly exposed potential body fluid among visitors was saliva (48.1%). Conclusion: For hospital visitors in long-term care hospitals, HH education programs including HH moments need to be developed and implemented. Further studies are necessary to evaluate visitors' HH compliance in various hospital settings and find the related variables influencing visitors' HH.