• Title/Summary/Keyword: asymmetric changes

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Assessing asymmetric steel angle strength under biaxial eccentric loading

  • Shu-Ti Chung;Wei-Ting Hsu
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.91 no.5
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    • pp.517-526
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    • 2024
  • Due to the asymmetric cross-section of unequal-angle steel, the application of loads can induce axial rotation, leading to a series of buckling failure behaviors. Special attention must be paid during the design process. The present study aims to analyze the structural behavior of asymmetric steel angle members under various eccentric loading conditions, considering the complex biaxial bending interaction that arises when the angle steel is connected to the panel. Several key factors are investigated in this paper, including the effects of uniaxial and biaxial eccentricity on the structural behavior and the eccentric axial compression strength of long and short legs at different load application points. Potential risks associated with the specified load points, based on the AISC specifications, are also discussed. The study observed that the strength values of the members exhibited significant changes when the eccentric load deviates from the specified point. The relative position of the eccentric load point and the slenderness ratio of the member are critical influencing factors. Overall, this research intends to enhance the accuracy and reliability of strength analysis methods for asymmetric single angle steel members, providing valuable insights and guidance for a safer and more efficient design.

Texture and Plastic Strain Ratio Changes during a 2 Step Asymmetric Rolling and Annealing of AA5083 Al Alloy Sheet (2단계 비대칭 압연과 열처리한 AA5083 Al 합금판재의 집합조직과 소성변형비 변화)

  • Jeong, H.B.;Lee, J.H.;Kim, G.H.;Nam, S.K.;Kim, I.
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.82-87
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    • 2014
  • The plastic strain ratio is one of the factors that affect the deep drawability of Al alloy sheet. The deep drawability of Al alloy sheet is limited because of its low plastic strain ratio. Therefore an increase in the plastic strain ratio to improve the deep drawability of Al alloy sheet is needed. The current study investigated the increase of the plastic strain ratio and the change in texture of AA5083 Al alloy sheet after a 2 step asymmetric rolling with heat treatments. The average plastic strain ratio of initial AA5083 Al alloy sheets was 0.83. After the first asymmetric rolling step of 88% deformation and subsequent heat treatment at $320^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes the value was still 0.83. After the second asymmetric rolling of 14% reduction and subsequent heat treatment at $330^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes the plastic strain ratio rose to 1.01. The average plastic strain ratio after the 2 step asymmetric rolling and heat treatment is 1.2 times higher than that of initial AA5083 Al alloy sheet. This result is related to the development of ND/<111> texture component after the second asymmetric rolling and heat treatment.

Linkage Between Exchange Rate and Stock Prices: Evidence from Vietnam

  • DANG, Van Cuong;LE, Thi Lanh;NGUYEN, Quang Khai;TRAN, Duc Quang
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.7 no.12
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    • pp.95-107
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    • 2020
  • The study investigates the asymmetric effect of exchange rate changes on stock prices in Vietnam. We use the nonlinear autoregressive-distributed lag (ARDL) analysis for monthly data from 2001:01 to 2018:05, based on VN-Index stock price collected from Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE); the nominal exchange rate is separated into currency depreciation and appreciation through a partial sum decomposition process. Asymmetry is estimated both in the long-run relationship and the short-run error correction mechanism. The research results show that the effect of exchange rate changes on stock prices is asymmetrical, both in the short run and in long run. Accordingly, the stock prices react to different levels to depreciation and appreciation. However, the currency appreciation affects a stronger transmission of stock prices when compared to the long-run currency depreciation. In the absence of asymmetry, the exchange rate only has a short-run impact on stock prices. This implies a symmetrical assumption that underestimates the impact of exchange rate changes on stock prices in Vietnam. This study points to an important implication for regulators in Vietnam. They should consider the relationship between exchange rate changes and stock prices in both the long run and the short run to manage the stock and foreign exchange market.

A Comparative Study of TiAlN Coatings Deposited by DC and Pulsed DC Asymmetric Bipolar Magnetron Sputtering (DC 스퍼터법과 비대칭 바이폴라 펄스 DC 스퍼터법으로 증착된 TiAlN 코팅막의 물성 비교연구)

  • Chun, Sung-Yong;Lee, Tae Yang
    • Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.168-173
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    • 2014
  • The paper presents the comparative results of TiAlN coatings deposited by DC and pulsed DC asymmetric bipolar magnetron sputtering systems. The results show that, with the decreasing duty cycle and increasing pulse frequency, the coating morphology changes from a columnar to a dense structure, with finer grains. Pulsed sputtered TiAlN coatings showed higher hardness, higher residual stress, and smaller grain sizes than dc prepared TiAlN coatings. Moreover residual stress of pulsed sputtered TiAlN coatings increased on increasing pulse frequency. Meanwhile, the surface roughness decreased continuously with increasing pulsed DC frequency up to 50 kHz.

A Comparative Study of NbN Coatings Deposited by DC and Pulsed DC Asymmetric Bipolar Magnetron Sputtering (DC 스퍼터법과 비대칭 바이폴라 펄스 DC 스퍼터법으로 증착된 NbN 코팅막의 물성 비교연구)

  • Chun, Sung-Yong;Oh, Bok-Hyun
    • Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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    • v.48 no.4
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    • pp.136-141
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    • 2015
  • The paper presents the comparative results of NbN coatings deposited by DC and pulsed DC asymmetric bipolar magnetron sputtering systems. The results show that, with the decreasing duty cycle and increasing pulse frequency, the coating morphology changes from a columnar to a dense structure, with finer grains. The Pulsed sputtered NbN coatings showed higher hardness, higher residual stress, and smaller grain sizes than those of DC prepared NbN coatings. Moreover residual stress of pulsed sputtered NbN coatings increased on increasing pulse frequency. Meanwhile, the surface roughness decreased continuously with increasing pulsed DC frequency up to 50 kHz.

Determinants of C-Commerce Utilization in Asymmetric Relationship between Buyers and Suppliers (비대칭적 관계구조 하에서 C-Commerce 활용수준의 결정요인)

  • Choi Young-Jin;Jang Si-Young
    • Korean Management Science Review
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.215-234
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    • 2004
  • With enormous changes in market condition, firms try to collaborate with their transaction partners. Recently, the diffusion of the Internet has made it possible for firms to directly collaborate with their partners. Accordingly, the importance of the Collaborative Commerce( C-Commerce) based on the Internet and IT has been emphasized. The literature in relational marketing and strategic alliance, however, has focused on the relational characteristics among firms. Therefore, the fundamental objective of this study is to investigate whether C-Commerce can enhance the positive relationships among firms. Based on theoretical and empirical research, some meaningful discussions can be made. First. the asymmetric commitment between buyers and suppliers decreases the C-Commerce utilization. Second, when specific investment is made to facilitate transactions, firms try to trade efficiently and depend on partners in a long-term period.

The Effect of Asymmetric Electrode Structure on the Emission Efficiency in ac Gas Discharge (비대칭 전극구조가 교류형 기체 방전의 발광효율에 미치는 영향)

  • Seo, Jeong-Hyun;Shin, Bhum-Jae
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.64 no.5
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    • pp.732-738
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    • 2015
  • In ac discharge, emission efficiency shows an time-varying characteristics during discharge. The phenomenon is caused by the potential distribution changes during the discharge, which indicates that a specific potential distribution can contribute to a high improvement of the emission efficiency. To create an artificial environment for a potential distribution favorable to emission efficiency, we used the asymmetric electrode structure and proved the capability. Our results showed that the ratio of the area of anode to cathode became larger, the emission efficacy was greatly improved.

Exchange Rate Pass-Through, Asymmetric Responses and Market Shares (환율 변동의 비대칭적 전이와 시장점유율)

  • Tcha, MoonJoong
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.185-209
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    • 2005
  • This study examines ERPT with asymmetric response and both import and export market shares, using wool trade data. The study found that, asymmetric response may be as common as symmetric response. In addition, the responses (both in price and quantity demanded) to the changes in exchange rate are considerably different across goods, and even for the homogenous goods, across countries. In case of depreciation, the export price changes more than appreciation case in general, and as a result the destination price changes less. It is also found that the cases of excessive or perverse pass-through are found more frequently than reported by previous studies. This finding points out that strategic behavior of firms or unexpected response to exchange rate fluctuation takes place more frequently than we commonly expect or take, in particular at disaggregated levels. When the model considers asymmetric responses of the export price to appreciation and depreciation (of exporter's currency), the estimation provided that for 39 trade cases out of 83, export price responded to appreciation and depreciation in different fashions, although the normal response was the dominating phenomenon with 99 cases or about 60% out of 166 cases. Market shares affected the extent and direction of responses in select cases. These findings will have important implications for policy makers and traders.

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Texture and Plastic Strain Ratio Changes with the Number of Passes of Asymmetric Rolling in AA1050 Al Alloy Sheet (비대칭 압연 패스 회수에 따른 AA1050 Al 판재의 집합조직과 소성변형비 변화)

  • Nam, Su-Kwon;Jeong, Hae-Bong;Kim, In-Soo
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
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    • v.19 no.8
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    • pp.502-507
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    • 2010
  • The physical and mechanical properties and formability of sheet metals depend on preferred crystallographic orientations (texture). In this research work, the texture development and formability (plastic strain ratios) of AA1050 Al alloy sheets after 3 and 10 passes of asymmetric rolling and subsequent heat treatment were investigated. The plastic strain ratios of 10 passes asymmetrically rolled and subsequent heat treated samples are 1.3 times higher than those of the initial AA1050 Al alloy sheets. The ${\Delta}r$ of 10 passes of asymmetrically rolled and subsequent heat treated samples is 1/30 times lower than those of the initial AA1050 Al alloy sheets. The plastic strain ratios of 10 passes of asymmetrically rolled and subsequent heat treated Al sheets are higher than those of 3 passes ones. These results could be attributed to the formation of $\gamma$-fiber, ND//<111>, and the other texture components by means of asymmetric rolling in Al sheets.

Texture and Plastic Strain Ratio Changes of Hot Asymmetrically Rolled AA1050 Al Sheet (열간 비대칭 압연한 AA1050 Al 판재의 집합조직과 소성변형비 변화)

  • Hamrakulov, B.;Lee, C.W.;Kim, I.
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.287-293
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    • 2019
  • The plastic strain ratio is one of the factors of the deep drawability of metal sheets. The plastic strain ratio of Al sheet is low value. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the plastic strain ratio in order to improve the deep drawability of the Al sheet. This study investigated the increase in the plastic strain ratio and the texture change of AA1050 Al sheet after the hot asymmetric rolling. The average plastic strain ratio of initial AA1050 Al sheets was 0.41. After 84% hot asymmetric rolling at $400^{\circ}C$, the average plastic strain ratio was 0.77. The average plastic strain ratio of 84% hot asymmetrically rolled AA1050 Al sheet at $400^{\circ}C$ is 1.9 times higher than that of initial AA1050 Al sheet. The ${\mid}{\Delta}R{\mid}$ of 84% hot asymmetrically rolled AA1050 Al sheet at $400^{\circ}C$ is 1/2 times lower than that of initial AA1050 Al sheet. This result is due to the development of the intensity of the ${\gamma}-fiber$ texture and the decrease of the intensity of {001}<100> texture after the hot asymmetric rolling of AA1050 Al sheet.