• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.425-438
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• 2009

ACE 위성에서 제공되는 1998년에서 2006년까지 9년간 관측된 양질의 1시간 평균 태양풍 매개변수를 이용하여 Burton et al.(1975)의 Dst 예측식을 재검토했다. 이 기간 동안 60개의 단순 발달형 자기폭풍을 골랐다. Burton et al.(1975)의 Dst 예측식의 에너지 공급항(Q)과 소멸 시간 ($\tau$)을 추정하기 위해 상기 자기폭풍 기간 동안 $Dst^*$와 $VS_s$, ${\Delta}Dst^*$와 $VS_s$ 그리고 ${\Delta}Dst^*$와 $Dst^*$의 상관관계를 구했다. 이 때 ACE 위성으로부터 지구까지 전파 시간(1시간)과 태양풍과 지구 자기권 사이의 지연 시간(0.5시간) 고려했다. 그 결과 $VB_s$ > 0.5mV/m일 때 $Q(nT/h)=-3.56VB_s$이였고, $VB_s\;{\leq}\;0.5mV/m$일 때는 Q(nT/h)=0으로 두었다(Burton et al., 1975) 그리고 $Dst^*$가 -175nT보다 작은 음의 값을 가질 때 $\tau(h)\;=\;0.060Dst^*\;+\;16.65$이고, $Dst^*$가 -175nT보다 큰 음의 값을 가질 때 $\tau(h)\;=\;6.15$로 추정됐다. 이 연구에서 얻은 Q와 $\tau$를 Burton et al.(1975)의 Dst 예측식에 대입하고 이를 이용하여 상기 60개 자기폭풍을 예측한 결과, 관측된 $Dst^*$와 예측된 $Dst^*$의 상관계수는 0.88이였다. 이를 다른 연구 결과와 비교하기 위해 Burton et al.(1975)과 O'Brien & McPherron(2000a)의 $Dst^*$ 예측 방법을 같은 자기폭풍에 적용한 결과, 관측된 $Dst^*$와 예측된 $Dst^*$의 상관계수는 각각 0.85였다. 이 연구는 기존 연구보다 다소 개선된 결과를 나타냈으며, 특히 $Dst^*\;{< \atop \sim}\;-200nT$의 강한 자기폭풍의 예측에 효과적이었다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제29권spc1호
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• pp.63-64
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• 1996

The nature of distant faint blue field galaxies remains a mystery, despite the fact that much attention has been devoted to this subject in the last decade. Galaxy counts, particularly those in the optical and near ultraviolet bandpasses, have been demonstrated to be well in excess of those expected in the 'no-evolution' scenario. This has usually been taken to imply that galaxies were brighter in the past, presumably due to a higher rate of star formation. More recently, redshift surveys of galaxies as faint as B$\~$24 have shown that the mean redshift of faint blue galaxies is lower than that predicted by standard evolutionary models (de-signed to fit the galaxy counts). The galaxy number count data and redshift data suggest that evolutionary effects are most prominent at the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function. While these data constrain the form of evolution of the overall luminosity function, they do not constrain evolution in individual galaxies. We are carrying out a series of observations as part of a long-term program aimed at a better understanding of the nature and amount of luminosity evolution in individual galaxies. Our study uses the luminosity-linewidth relation (Tully-Fisher relation) for disk galaxies as a tool to study luminosity evolution. Several studies of a related nature are being carried out by other groups. A specific experiment to test a 'no-evolution' hypothesis is presented here. We have used the AUTOFIB multifibre spectro-graph on the 4-metre Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) and the Rutgers Fabry-Perot imager on the Cerro Tolalo lnteramerican Observatory (CTIO) 4-metre tele-scope to measure the internal kinematics of a representative sample of faint blue field galaxies in the red-shift range z = 0.15-0.4. The emission line profiles of [OII] and [OIII] in a typical sample galaxy are significantly broader than the instrumental resolution (100-120 km $s^{-l}$), and it is possible to make a reliable de-termination of the linewidth. Detailed and realistic simulations based on the properties of nearby, low-luminosity spirals are used to convert the measured linewidth into an estimate of the characteristic rotation speed, making statistical corrections for the effects of inclination, non-uniform distribution of ionized gas, rotation curve shape, finite fibre aperture, etc.. The (corrected) mean characteristic rotation speed for our distant galaxy sample is compared to the mean rotation speed of local galaxies of comparable blue luminosity and colour. The typical galaxy in our distant sample has a B-band luminosity of about 0.25 L$\ast$ and a colour that corresponds to the Sb-Sd/Im range of Hub-ble types. Details of the AUTOFIB fibre spectroscopic study are described by Rix et al. (1996). Follow-up deep near infrared imaging with the 10-metre Keck tele-scope+ NIRC combination and high angular resolution imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope's WFPC2 are being used to determine the structural and orientation parameters of galaxies on an individual basis. This information is being combined with the spatially resolved CTIO Fabry-Perot data to study the internal kinematics of distant galaxies (Ing et al. 1996). The two main questions addressed by these (preliminary studies) are: 1. Do galaxies of a given luminosity and colour have the same characteristic rotation speed in the distant and local Universe? The distant galaxies in our AUTOFIB sample have a mean characteristic rotation speed of $\~$70 km $s^{-l}$ after correction for measurement bias (Fig. 1); this is inconsistent with the characteristic rotation speed of local galaxies of comparable photometric proper-ties (105 km $s^{-l}$) at the > $99\%$ significance level (Fig. 2). A straightforward explanation for this discrepancy is that faint blue galaxies were about 1-1.5 mag brighter (in the B band) at z $\~$ 0.25 than their present-day counterparts. 2. What is the nature of the internal kinematics of faint field galaxies? The linewidths of these faint galaxies appear to be dominated by the global disk rotation. The larger galaxies in our sample are about 2"-.5" in diameter so one can get direct insight into the nature of their internal velocity field from the $\~$ I" seeing CTIO Fabry-Perot data. A montage of Fabry-Perot data is shown in Fig. 3. The linewidths are too large (by. $5\sigma$) to be caused by turbulence in giant HII regions.

• 천문학논총
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.47-63
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• 2021

와이즈/네오와이즈 자료를 사용하여 1형 활동은하핵의 근적외선 장기 변광 특성을 살펴보았다. 활동은하핵은 밀리퀘이사 목록을 사용해 가시광에서의 등급 제한을 두어 선정하였고, 여러 번의 다중시점 측광 자료를 확보하기 위해 황도북극과 황도남극에 가까운 대상으로 한정하였다. 이후 와이즈와 네오와이즈 데이터베이스에서 해당 대상들의 측광 자료를 추출하였다. 일부 근적외선에서 검출되지 않은 경우와 관측 횟수가 지나치게 적은 경우를 제외하고 총 73개의 1형 퀘이사 및 활동은 하핵, 140개의 측광학적으로 선택된 활동은하핵 후보에 대해 W1 (3.4 ㎛), W2 (4.6 ㎛) 밴드 광도곡선을 구성하고 이를 이용해 변광 분석을 수행하였다. 변광 여부를 판단하기 위해 초과 분산 값과 변광의 유의확률 P_var를 계산하였다. 초과 분산이 포아송 오차에 의해 추정되는 오차값보다 큰 경우, 그리고 P_var이 0.95보다 크거나 같은 경우를 변광으로 판단했는데, 활동은하핵 73개 중 19개, 활동은하핵 후보 140개 중 12개가 W1, W2 밴드 모두에서 변광 대상으로 판단되었다. W1 밴드보다 W2 밴드에서 변광 대상으로 판단되는 숫자가 작게 나타났는데, 이는 긴 파장으로 갈수록 변광의 정도가 작아짐을 시사하는 것으로 보인다. 약 9 ~ 26%의 대상들이 근적외선 변광을 보였다. 감쇠 랜덤워크 모형을 사용하여 변광 폭(σ)과 완화 시간(τ), W1과 W2 밴드 사이의 시간 지연 등을 추정하였다. 변광 폭 및 완화시간은 W1 등급과 큰 상관관계를 보이지 않았으며, 두 변수 사이에도 특별히 두드러지는 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다. 단, 감쇠 랜덤워크 모형을 사용해서 시간 규모를 추정할 때 광도곡선의 분량이 충분한지를 감안하면, 완화시간이 짧은 대상들에 대해서는 변광 폭과 완화시간이 음의 상관관계를 보인다고도 볼 수 있다. 대상의 개수가 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 제시하기에는 부족하다. X선 광도와 변광 특성을 비교했을 때에는 상관관계를 찾아보기 어려웠으나, 앞으로 얻어질 X선 탐사자료와 전천 스펙트럼 탐사자료와 결합한 추가 연구가 기대된다. 전체 대상 중에서는 시간에 따라 (W1-W2) 색이 변하는 것으로 판단되는 흥미로운 대상이 4개가 존재했는데, 이들의 특성에 대해서는 추후 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 전망한다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2022

이 연구는 초등 과학 5~6학년 교과서에 제시된 필수 탐구 활동의 유형을 파악하고, 현장 교사들은 실제 지도 과정에서는 어떤 어려움이 있는지를 파악하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 교과서에 제시된 필수 탐구 활동을 실험·관찰, 조사·토의 및 발표, 자료 해석, 토의·토론, 모의활동, 표현하기의 6가지 유형으로 분석하였다. 또한 초등 교사 108명을 대상으로 탐구 활동에 대한 탐구 활동의 성취기준 달성 적합성, 학생 수준 적합성, 학생 흥미도, 수업 지도의 어려움을 조사하였다. 연구 결과를 종합하면, 5~6학년 과학 교과서에 제시된 탐구 활동 유형을 분석한 결과 가장 많이 제시되는 유형은 실험·관찰 유형이었고, 다음으로 많은 유형은 모의활동 유형, 자료 해석 유형이었다. 5학년 교과서에는 토의·토론 유형이 없는 것으로 분석되었고, 6학년은 조사·토의 및 발표 유형과 표현하기 유형에 해당되는 탐구 활동이 교과서에 제시되지 않았다. 교과서에 제시된 탐구 활동의 성취기준 달성 적합성과 학생의 수준의 적합성에 대한 교사들의 응답결과에서는 5학년이 6학년에 비해 낮은 평균 점수를 나타냈고, 학생 흥미도와 지도 어려움에서는 비슷한 평균 점수를 보였다. 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 개선이 필요한 탐구 활동을 도출한 결과 총 17개의 탐구 활동에 대한 개선이 필요한 것을 확인되었다. 구체적으로 교사들은 실험 결과가 교과서에서 의도한대로 잘 나타나지 않을 때, 탐구 활동에 대한 학생의 흥미도가 낮을 때, 학생 및 교사들이 관련된 과학 개념에 대해 이해도가 낮을 때 탐구 활동 지도의 어려움을 겪는다고 응답하였다. 천문 관련 단원에서 장기간의 꾸준한 관찰이 어렵다거나 초등학교 고학년 학생들이 역학놀이 활동에 적극적으로 참여하지 않는 등의 현실적인 문제도 지적하였다.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제28집
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• pp.207-241
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• 2017

대순진리회의 경전인 『전경』에는 '도수'라는 표현이 빈번히 사용되었으며 증산, 정산, 우당께서도 도수에 대해 많은 말씀을 남기셨다. 본 논문은 이러한 '도수' 개념을 상세히 분석하고 파악하고자 하였으며 이러한 도수 개념을 통해서 대순사상을 심도 있게 이해하고자 하였다. 도수라는 용어는 전통적 문헌에서도 자주 사용되었던 용어이다. 고전에서 도수는 제도, 도리, 표준, 규칙, 법도, 수치, 천체운행의 의미로 사용되었다. 즉 도수는 천체 운행의 법칙과 인간 사회의 규범의 의미로 사용되었으며 이러한 의미가 확대되어 우주자연의 원리의 의미로 사용되었다. 이러한 도수 개념은 수를 우주 자연의 원리를 파악한 상수학적 우주론과 관련이 깊다. 상수학적 우주론은 소강절에 의해 체계화되었으며 조선에서는 화담 서경덕이 이를 적극적으로 수용하였고 이후 한국 사상사의 한 축을 이루었다. 대순사상의 세계관에서도 수를 우주 자연의 원리로 이해하고 있는 부분이 있으며 이러한 세계관은 상수학적 우주론과 연관된다. 대순사상에서 도수 개념은 전통적 도수 개념을 바탕으로 하고 있으며 여기에 증산의 천지공사의 구체적 명칭의 의미를 더하고 있다. 또한 도수는 증산의 천지공사에 의해 우주 원리나 법칙이 변해가는 과정의 의미로 사용되고 있다. 특히 도수에 관한 담론은 증산의 천지공사론에 많이 사용되었다. 증산께서는 천지의 도수를 뜯어고치고 정리하고 조정하셨으며 새로운 후천 도수를 설정하셨다. 종통을 계승하신 정산께서는 증산의 공사를 뒤이었으며 증산께서 짜신 도수를 풀어나가셨다. 즉 정산께서는 증산께서 행하신 천지공사의 도수에 따라 도수를 보셨으며 도수에 의한 공부를 행하신 것이다. 그리고 도수는 천지공사에 따른 천지법칙의 변화과정을 의미하는데, 우당께서는 이러한 도수 개념을 통해서 종단 역사의 변천과정을 말씀하셨다. 즉 무극도의 창도, 태극도로의 변천 그리고 대순진리회의 창설과 여주본부도장의 건설 등의 과정이 도수에 의해 펼쳐진 신성한 역사라는 설명이시다. 이러한 담론을 통해 대순진리회는 다른 증산교단과 차별되는 정통성을 주장하며, 신도들은 자신들이 천지도수에 참여하고 있다는 성스러운 의미에 감화되어 신행에 매진할 수 있는 것이다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.