• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.519-523
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• 2002

목 적: 기관지 천식으로 입원한 환아에서 시행된 단순 흉부 방사선에서 이상 소견을 조사하고, 관찰된 무기폐를 자세히 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 4년간 가톨릭대학교 대전성모병원에 기관지 천식으로 입원한 144명의 357례의 흉부 방사선에서 무기폐를 포함한 폐의 이상 소견과 임상상, 혈액학적 소견 등을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : 144례의 환아의 남녀비는 2.1 : 1, 평균 나이는 4.8세, 평균 입원 횟수 2.5회, 평균 입원일 5.0일, 평균 IgE 치 387 IU/mL, 평균 호산구 수 $362/mm^3$ 이었다. 357례의 단순 흉부 방사선 이상 소견으로 과?창 314례(88.0%), 폐침윤 127례(35.0%), 무기폐 19례(5.3%), 중격동기종 1례(0.3%)가 관찰되었다. 19례의 무기폐는 대부분 폐구역성 또는 폐소엽성으로 모두 우측 폐에서 발생하였으며 2세 이하와 남아에서 발생이 많았다. 또한 2세 이하에서는 우상엽에서, 7세 이상에서는 우하엽에서 주로 발생하였다. 결 론 : 천식으로 입원한 환아에서 흉부 방사선 사진에서 무기폐(5.3%)를 포함한 이상 소견을 보이는 경우가 적지 않으며 이에 따른 적절한 치료 방침을 결정해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권7호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2015

Purpose: Wheezing following viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children <2 years of age is an important risk factor for the development of asthma later in life; however, not all children with viral LRTIs develop wheezing. This study investigated risk factors for the development of wheezing during viral LRTIs requiring hospitalization. Methods: The study included 142 children <2 years of age hospitalized for LRTIs with at least one virus identified as the cause and classified them into children diagnosed with LRTIs with wheezing (n=70) and those diagnosed with LRTIs without wheezing (n=72). Results: There were no significant differences in the viruses detected between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for potentially confounding variables including sex and age, the development of wheezing was strongly associated with parental history of allergic diseases (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 20.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.22-126.48), past history of allergic diseases (aOR, 13.95; 95% CI, 1.34-145.06), past history of hospitalization for respiratory illnesses (aOR, 21.36; 95% CI, 3.77-120.88), exposure to secondhand smoke at home (aOR, 14.45; 95% CI, 4.74-44.07), and total eosinophil count (aOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01-1.02). Conclusion: Past and parental history of allergic diseases, past history of hospitalization for respiratory illnesses, exposure to secondhand smoke at home, and total eosinophil count were closely associated with the development of wheezing in children <2 years of age who required hospitalization for viral LRTIs. Clinicians should take these factors into consideration when treating, counseling, and monitoring young children admitted for viral LRTIs.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2009

Pneumonia, which usually requires hospitalization for children, is caused by various pathogens. According to recent surveys, the prevalence of atypical pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma or Chlamydia has increased, especially in preschool children. Also, the evidence has been accumulated that Mycoplasma or Chlamydia infection is associated with asthma including both inception and exacerbation. Therefore, it is important to consider how the clinical aspects of Mycoplasma pneumonia have changed. In particular, Chlamydia pneumonia, which has not been prevalent in Korea, needs greater attention.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.290-297
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• 1997

연구배경 : 기관지천식은 가역성 기도폐쇄, 기관지 과민증 및 기도점막의 염증성 변화가 특징인 호흡기 질환으로 적절한 치료가 질병의 예후에 중요한 영향을 미치며, 최근 천식의 발생기전 및 병태생리에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 천식치료에도 많은 발전이 이루어지고 있음에도 불구하고, 오히려 전세계적으로 기관지천식의 유병률 및 사망률, 천식발작으로 인한 응급실 내원빈도는 증가하는 추세이다. 응급실 내원 환자의 과거력상 응급실 내원빈도가 많을수록 천식치료에 문제점이 있고 예후도 나쁘다는 보고가 있어, 응급실로 내원한 천식환자들의 임상적 특성의 분류가 치료 계획, 환자 교육과 관리 및 예후 예측에도 도움이 될것으로 사료되어 저자들은 천식발작으로 응급실로 내원한 환자들을 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1년간 응급실에 기관지 천식발작으로 내원한 103명의 환자를 대상으로 과거력 및 천식 발작후 응급실 내원전까지의 상황등을 문진하였고 응급실 내원당시 최대 호기말 유속, 동맥혈 가스분석, 흉부 X선등을 시행하여 환자의 상태를 분석하였으며 입원 여부, 입원기간, 외래 추적관찰여부등으로 응급실로 내원한 천식환자들의 임상적 특성 및 예후를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 대상환자는 총 103명으로 남자 47명(45.6%), 여자 56명(54.4%) 이었고 평균 연령은 48.6세, 연령분포 50대가 27.2%로 가장 높았다. 천식진단후 1~5년사이의 환자가 42명 (40.8%)으로 가장 많았고, 과거력상 48명(46.6%)이 천식발작으로 응급실 내원 경험이 있었으며 2회이상 응급실 내원경력이 있는 환자는 27명(26.3%)이었고 내원환자중 79명(76.7%)이 교감신경항전 흡입제를, 48명(46.6%)이 부신피질 호르몬 흡입제를 사용한 적이 있었으나 그중 56%만이 적절한 흡입방법을 구사하였다. 응급실 내원경위는 환자 스스로 내원한 경우가 68명(66%)으로 가장 높았고, 월별 응급실 내원빈도률 살펴보면 12월과 5월에 가장 높았으며, 응급실 내원시간별로 보면 낮시간(오전 8시~오후 4시)이 53.4%로 가장 많았다. 천식악화요인으로는 상기도 감염(56.3%), 치료 중지(15.5%), 불완전한 치료(11.7%)가 주요 원인이었고 천식발작시작에서 응급실 도착까지 평균시간은 14.2시간이었고 천식발작후 79명(76.7%)이 교감신경 항진 흡입제를 사용하였으며 사용횟수는 평균 6.4회였다. 내원시 측정한 최대 호기유속은 펑균 166.7L/min, 내원시와 과거 최대호기유속 또는 예상 최대호기유속 의비는 평균 43.2%였다. 동맥혈 가스분석 검사상 고탄산가스혈증을 보인 환자는 총 50명으로 이중 7명(14%)만이 인공환기를 시행하여 비교적 좋은 예후를 보였고 내원환자중 17명(16.5%)은 응급실에서 치료후 내원 24시간내 귀가하였고 80명(77.7%)은 일반 병동에, 6명(5.8%)은 중환자실에 입원하여 치료를 받았으며 평균 입원일수는 11.2일이었다. 예후는 좋은편으로 총환자 모두 사망없이 회복되었고 외래 추적관찰은 59명(57%)에서 가능하였으며 증상소실후 천식정도를 분석한 결과 64.9%가 경미한 천식으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 응급실에 내원한 천식환자들은 주로 경미한 천식이 상기도 감염등에 의해 악화된 경우가 많았고 치료예후는 비교적 양호하였으나 퇴원후 적절한 천식치료를 받는 경우는 많지 않았다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제85권3호
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• pp.205-220
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• 2022

This study aimed to describe the prevalence of comorbidities associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their relation with relevant outcomes. A systematic review based on the PRISMA methodology was performed from January 2020 until July 2021. The MEDLINE, Lilacs, and Scielo databases were searched to identify studies related to COPD and its comorbidities. Observational studies on the prevalence of comorbidities in COPD patients and costs with health estimates, reduced quality of life, and mortality were included. Studies that were restricted to one or more COPD pain assessments and only specific comorbidities such as osteoporosis, bronchitis, and asthma were excluded. The initial search identified 1,409 studies and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 studies were finally selected for analysis (comprising data from 447,459 COPD subjects). The most frequent COPD comorbidities were: hypertension (range, 17%-64.7%), coronary artery disease (19.9%-47.8%), diabetes (10.2%-45%), osteoarthritis (18%-43.8%), psychiatric conditions (12.1%-33%), and asthma (14.7%-32.5%). Several comorbidities had an impact on the frequency and severity of COPD exacerbations, quality of life, and mortality risk, in particular malignancies, coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. Comorbidities, especially cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, are frequent in COPD patients, and some of them are associated with higher mortality.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2003

This study investigated the degree of self-care practice to maintain the stable respiratory function and the required respiratory nursing needs upon the elderly with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. The research subjects were 115 elderly people over 60 years old, who were diagnosed to have chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (the mixed type, chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema) and were hospitalized in 3 university hospitals in Busan or treated as outpatient, and the data was collected over the period between June 1, 2002 and September 30, 2002. In order to measure the respiratory self-care practice degree and nursing needs of the subjects, the instrument on the self-care practice and the instrument on nursing needs were developed by the researcher. The research results are as follows: 1. The mean of respiratory self-care practice degree by the subjects was 2.41 out of 4 for each clause, and the degree of practicing general management was the highest(2.70), and nutrition control(2.66), respiratory exercise(2.65), expectoration of sputum (2.63), oxygen therapy(2.60), environment control(2.50), and medication control(2.36) succeeded. 2. The degree of self-care practice had a significant difference depending on age(F=2.82, P=0.02), frequency of hospitalization(F=3.11, P=0.01), and diagnosed disease(F=15.66, P=0.00). 3. The subjects nursing needs of respiratory system were 3.07 on the average out of 4.00, and 'I want to know how to prevent the infection of respiratory system such as cold scored the highest 3.83, while the clauses like 'want to know how to face the respiratory disorder properly'(3.77) and 'want the specific explanation of the symptoms of my disease'(3.66) also had scored high points. 4. The nursing needs of the respiratory system had a significant difference depending on diagnosed disease such as mixed type of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, emphysema, bronchitis, and asthma (F=6.70, P=0.00). The research showed that the subjects degree of self-care practice of respiratory system was low on the whole, while the nursing needs for managing respiratory organ were relatively high. Therefore, specific education concerning the nursing of the disease and self-care upon the elderly having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is necessary.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2023

Antibiotics are frequently administered during pregnancy. Although necessary to address acute infections, their use facilitates antibiotic resistance. Other associations have also been found with the use of antibiotics, such as perturbations of gut bacteria, delays in microbial maturation, and increased risks of allergic and inflammatory diseases. Little is known about how the prenatal and perinatal administration of antibiotics to mothers affects the clinical outcomes of their offspring. A literature search was conducted of the Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed engines. The retrieved articles were reviewed by two authors and verified for relevance. The primary outcome was the effect of pre- and perinatal maternal antibiotic use on clinical outcomes. Thirty-one relevant studies were included in the meta-analysis. Various aspects are discussed, including infections, allergies, obesity, and psychosocial factors. In animal studies, antibiotic intake during pregnancy has been suggested to cause long-term alterations in immune regulation. In humans, associations have been found between antibiotic intake during pregnancy and different types of infections and an increased risk of pediatric infection-related hospitalization. A dose-dependent positive association between pre- and perinatal antibiotic use and asthma severity has been reported in animal and human studies, while positive associations with atopic dermatitis and eczema were reported by human studies. Multiple associations were identified between antibiotic intake and psychological problems in animal studies; however, relevant data from human studies are limited. However, one study reported a positive association with autism spectrum disorders. Multiple animal and human studies reported a positive association between pre- and perinatal antibiotic use by mothers and diseases in their offspring. Our findings have potentially significant clinical relevance, particularly considering the implications for health during infancy and later in life as well as the related economic burden.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe the clinical and epidemiologic features and outcomes among children hospitalized with pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of hospitalized pediatric patients (<18 years) diagnosed with pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea, between September 2009 and February 2010. Results: A total of 72 children were hospitalized with pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection (median age, 6.0 years; range, 2 months to 18 years). A total of 40% had at least 1 underlying medical condition, including asthma (17%), malignancies (19%), and heart diseases (17%). Of the 72 patients, 54 (76%) children admitted with H1N1 infection showed radiographic alterations compatible with pneumonia. There was no significant difference in pre-existing conditions between pandemic influenza A/H1N1 infected patients with or without pneumonia. Children with pandemic influenza A/H1N1 pneumonia were more likely to have a lower lymphocyte ratio (P=0.02), higher platelet count (P=0.02), and higher level of serum glucose (P=0.003), and more commonly presented with dyspnea than did those without pneumonia (P=0.04). Conclusions: No significant differences in age, sex, or presence of preexisting conditions were found between children hospitalized with pandemic influenza A/H1N1 H1N1 influenza infection with pneumonia and those without pneumonia. Higher leukocyte count, higher glucose level, and a lower lymphocyte ratio were associated with the development of pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza pneumonia.