• 공업화학
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2011

이 연구는 아토피 피부염이 유발된 hairless mice에 항 아토피 제품 처리를 통해 아토피 증상 개선 효과에 대해 알아 본 실험이다. 항 아토피 물질인 ceramide와 astaxanthin을 melt-homogenization 방법을 이용해 고형 지질 나노입자를 제조하고 입자 주위에 silk fibroin을 코팅시켰다. 동시에 고형 지질 나노입자를 함유하는 항 아토피 로션(lotion)과 크림(cream)을 만들어 타 사의 항 아토피 제품과 비교하였다. 아토피 피부염이 유발된 마우스의 외형적인 모습 관찰을 통해 ceramide와 silk fibroin을 함유한 항 아토피 제품인 FL과 FC는 아토피 피부염으로 손상된 피부 장벽을 재생 시키는 것을 확인하였고, 아토피 피부염이 유발된 피부 두께 역시 감소됨을 알 수 있었다. 면역학적 평가를 통해 silk fibroin과 astaxanthin 이 Th2 cytokine인 IgE와 IL-4의 발현을 억제하고 $IFN-{\gamma}$의 발현을 증가시켜 Th cell 사이의 균형을 이루게 하는 것이 밝혀졌다. 또한, 비장수치를 통해 T 림파구의 따른 IgE, IL-4 발현 억제능, 그리고 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 발현을 확인하였다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.271-274
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• 2000

A study was carried out to select a nitrogen source and the optimize the C/N ratio for the maximum cell growth of Phaffia rhodozyma in fed-batch culture. The yeast extract was the best organic nitrogen source. In the batch culture experiments, the highest cell yield was obtained 0.575 g-cell/g-glucose from 10 g/L and 10 g/L yeast extract. In the fed-batch experiments, the maximum cell concentration was obtained 33.1 g/L from the C/N ratio of 2:1 while the astaxanthin concentration of cell was Increased by increasing the C/N ratio, of feed medium.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1377-1384
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• 2011

Astaxanthin (ATX)은 다양한 생명체에서 생성되는 카로티노이드 색소이다. 본 연구에서는 ATX가 RAW264.7 cell에서 LPS에 의한 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), 염증성 사이토카인, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$)와 reactive oxygen species (ROS)의 생성을 억제 시키는 지 또한, superoxide radical 소거능이 있는 지를 조사하였다. iNOS와 NF-${\kappa}B$는 immunoblot analysis로, interleukin (IL)-6와 tumour necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)는 ELISA 법으로 분석하였다. NO 양은 nitrite의 양을 측정하였고, ROS는 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) 법으로 superoxide radical 소거능은 superoxide radical scavenging activity assay로 검증하였다. 100 ${\mu}M$의 ATX 농도에서 LPS로 유도된 NO, IL-6 및 TNF-${\alpha}$ 같은 염증성 사이토카인의 생성 뿐만 아니라 iNOS 및 NF-${\kappa}B$의 발현도 억제되었다. 특히, IL-6 및 TNF-${\alpha}$ 생성에 있어 ATX의 최대 억제율은 각각 65.2% 및 21.2% 이었으며 LPS로 유도된 NF-${\kappa}B$의 전사활성을 억제하였다. 이러한 현상은 세포질에서 핵으로 NF-${\kappa}B$의 전위를 억제하는 것과 관련이 있다. 또한, 25-100 ${\mu}M$의 ATX 농도에서 세포 내 ROS 생성을 억제하였으며, 5 mg/ml 농도의 ATX는 동일농도의 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol에 비해 superoxide radical 소거능이 1.33배 높았다. 이러한 결과들은 ATX가 대식세포에서 ROS 생성 및 NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성을 저해하므로 iNOS의 발현, NO 및 염증성 사이토카인의 생성을 억제하며, 또한 우수한 superoxide radical 소거능을 보유한다는 것을 나타내었다. 결론적으로, ATX가 항염증제 및 항산화제로서 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.872-878
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• 2016

Astaxanthin (ASX) is a xanthophyll pigment isolated from crustaceans and salmonids. Owing to its powerful antioxidant activity, ASX has been reported to have the potential to protect against gastric ulcers and a variety of other illnesses. Histamine (His) is a dietary factor that causes gastric erosion and ulceration in young chicks. In this study, we examined whether ASX had protective effects on dietary histamine-induced lesions in the gizzard and proventriculus of broiler chickens. Four experimental treatment groups were planned: basal diet (BD), BD+His, BD+ASX, and BD+ASX+His, with four chicks (5 days old) in each group and three replications (i.e., a total of 12 chicks per group). The BD was supplemented with either 0.4% His or 100 ppm ASX. The birds were fed ad libitum for 3 weeks, and diets contained no antimicrobial compounds. Supplementing the diet with His significantly decreased body weight gain, but increased the weights of the gizzard and proventriculus of the chicks as compared with those of chicks in the BD group (p<0.05). ASX did not affect His-dependent changes in chick body weight or weights of the gizzard and proventriculus. The loss of gastric glands in the proventriculus, which was observed in His-treated chicks, was not prevented by ASX administration. The frequency of proventricular ulceration, however, was lowered by treatment with ASX, without significant differences between the two supplementation levels. In conclusion, our data showed that ASX might be helpful for alleviating structural damage to the digestive system in poultry under certain stressful conditions.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.726-737
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• 2017

Carotenoid는 isoprenoid 화합물로써 3-15개의 이중 결합이 결합된 긴 polyene 구조를 가지며, 이러한 구조적 특성에 의해 최대 흡수파장대가 결정된다. 카로티노이드는 전형적으로 $C_{40}$ 탄화수소 골격으로 이루어져 있으며, 그 중에는 산소를 포함하고 있는 작용기로 인해 cyclic 또는 acyclic의 크산토필을 형성하기도 한다. 현재 대부분의 세계 시장을 점유하고 있는 합성 카로티노이드의 대안을 찾기 위해 천연물(식물, 미생물, 갑각류 부산물) 유래의 카로티노이드를 생산 및 활용하기 위한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 오직 몇몇 카로티노이드(${\beta}-carotene$, lycopene, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, lutein)만이 천연물 소재에서 분리 또는 발효되어 상업적으로 이용된다. 카로티노이드가 만성질환 예방 및 발암 억제 작용에 효과가 있음이 밝혀지면서 카로티노이드 시장이 급격히 증가하였다. 사료, 기능성 식품 및 의약품 소재로써의 카로티노이드의 중요성이 증가함에 따라 카로티노이드 생산법에 대한 연구가 진행되었으며, 이러한 관점에서 미생물 및 식물을 이용한 대사공학적 접근법에 의한 카로티노이드 대량생산법을 개발하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 생산 균주, 대사공학 적용에 따른 대량 생산 방법, 생물학적 작용기전 및 산업적 이용을 중심으로 설명하고자 한다.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표논문집
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• pp.92-93
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• 2002

본 연구는 크릴 밀의 급여기간이 채란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 또한 크릴 밀이 함유된 사료를 채란계에 급여하여 생산된 계란의 난황내 지방산의 전이와 아스타키산친이 난황내로 전이되는지에 대하여 GC로 지방산 검출을 그리고 HPLC로 아스타키산친 및 아스타키산친 유사물질을 검출하였다. 채란계에 크릴 밀 사료는 산란율, 사료섭취량, 사료효율에 유의하게 차이는 나타내지 않았다. 크릴 밀 사료섭취량은 기초 사료보다 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 채란계에 크릴 밀을 급여한 계란의 난황에서 지방산에서 EPA와 DHA를 검출할 수 있었고, 아스타키산친과 유도체의 함량이 높았다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

Carotenoids being most important pigments among those occurring in nature, have received increased interest owing to their beneficial effects on human health. An effort is made to review marine carotenoids as important bioactive compounds with reference to their presence, chemical, and biofunctional benefits they afford. The potential beneficial effects of marine carotenoids were particularly focused on astaxanthin and fucoxanthin, major marine carotenoids found in marine animals and aquatic plants, respectively. Both carotenoids show strong antioxidant activity which is attributed to quenching singlet oxygen and scavenging free radicals. The potential role of the carotenoids as dietary antioxidants has been suggested as being one of the main mechanism by which they afford their beneficial health effects such as anticancer activity and anti-inflammatory effect. Only recently, antiobesity effect and antidiabetic effect have been noted as specific and novel bio-functions of fucoxanthin. Nutrigenomic study reveals that fucoxanthin induces uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) mitochondria to lead to oxidation of fatty acids and heat production in WAT. Fucoxanthin improves insulin resistance and decreases blood glucose level, at least in part, through the down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor $\alpha$ ($TNF{\alpha}$) in WAT of animals.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.238-246
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• 2015

A unicellular red microalga was isolated from environmental freshwater in Korea, and its morphological, molecular, and biochemical properties were characterized. Morphological analysis revealed that the isolate was a unicellular biflagellated green microalga that formed a non-motile, thick-walled palmelloid or red aplanospore. To determine the taxonomical position of the isolate, its 18S rRNA and rbcL genes were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was performed. We found that the isolate was clustered together with other related Haematococcus strains showing differences in the rbcL gene. Therefore, the isolated microalga was classified into the genus Haematococcus, and finally designated Haematococcus sp. KORDI03. The microalga could be cultivated in various culture media under a broad range of pH and temperature conditions. Compositions of the microalgal cellular components were analyzed, and its protein, carbohydrate, and lipid compositions were estimated to be 21.1 ± 0.2%, 48.8 ± 1.8%, and 22.2 ± 0.9%, respectively. In addition, D-glucose and D-mannose were the dominant monosaccharides in the isolate, and its amino acids were composed mainly of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, and leucine. Moreover, several polyunsaturated fatty acids accounted for about 80% of the total fatty acids in Haematococcus sp. KORDI03, and the astaxanthin content in the red aplanospores was estimated to be 1.8% of the dry cell weight. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an Haematococcus sp. isolated from Korea, which may be used for bioresource production in the microalgal industry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2000

The freshwater green alga Chlorococcum sp. grew on NH_4^{+},{\;}NO_3^{-}$, urea, yeast extract, and peptone as the nitrogen source showing similar pattens of growth and secondary carotenoid (SC) production. However, the most suitable nitrogen source for the induction fo SC was urea. The dffects of nutrient levels (urea, phosphate, sulfate, ferrous iron, and salt) on growth and SC production were stydied by varying the concentration of each nutrient in batch cultures. High biomass production was achieved in cultures containing 20-28 mM urea, 4.8-10 mM phosphate, 1.6 mM sulfate, 70 mM phosphate, 1.6 mM sulfate, 170 mM NACl, and $50{\;}\mu\textrm{M}$ iron. The optimum concentrations of nutrients for biomass and for the SC accumulation in biomass were evaluated and the two media for achieving high biomass production and SC production were thus developed. The extent to which each parameter to stimulate the formation of SC in the alga were varied and the potentially improned SC prodution by manipulating the nutrient levels in the modified media were descussed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1542-1546
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• 2009

Zeaxanthin glucosyltransferase (CrtX) mediates the formation of zeaxanthin to zeaxanthin diglucoside. Here, we report cloning of the crtX gene responsible for zeaxanthin diglucoside biosynthesis from Paracoccus haeundaensis and the production of the corresponding carotenoids in transformed cells carrying this gene. An expression plasmid containing the crtX gene (pSTCRT-X) was constructed, and Escherichia coli cells containing this plasmid produced the recombinant protein of approximately 46 kDa. Biosynthesis of zeaxanthin diglucoside was obtained when the plasmid pSTCRT-X was co-transformed into E. coli containing the pET-44a(+)-CrtEBIYZ carrying crtE, crtB, crtI, crtY, and crtZ genes required for zeaxanthin $\beta$-D-diglucoside biosynthesis.