• BMB Reports
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2024

Cancer cells metastasize to distant organs by altering their characteristics within the tumor microenvironment (TME) to effectively overcome challenges during the multistep tumorigenesis. Plasticity endows cancer cell with the capacity to shift between different morphological states to invade, disseminate, and seed metastasis. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a theory derived from tissue biopsy, which explains the acquisition of EMT transcription factors (TFs) that convey mesenchymal features during cancer migration and invasion. On the other hand, adherent-to-suspension transition (AST) is an emerging theory derived from liquid biopsy, which describes the acquisition of hematopoietic features by AST-TFs that reprograms anchorage dependency during the dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The induction and plasticity of EMT and AST dynamically reprogram cell-cell interaction and cell-matrix interaction during cancer dissemination and colonization. Here, we review the mechanisms governing cellular plasticity of AST and EMT during the metastatic cascade and discuss therapeutic challenges posed by these two morphological adaptations to provide insights for establishing new therapeutic interventions.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2012

목적: 말기암환자의 여명 예측은 치료의 이득과 위해를 판단하는 잣대가 되고, 적절한 의료 중재 제공 및 환자의 자율성에 기초한 의사결정에 중요한 기준이 된다. 특히 많은 수의 말기암환자는 암성 식욕부진-악액질 증후군으로 사망에 이르기 때문에 본 연구에서는 이를 반영할 수 있는 혈장 렙틴 농도와 생존기간과의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2009년 7월부터 2010년 7월까지 13개월 동안, 만 20세 이상의 말기암환자 69명을 대상으로 혈장 렙틴 농도를 측정하고, 생존기간을 조사하였다. 나이, 성별, 원발암 부위, 암 치료 경력, 전이여부, 투약상황 및 활력증후, 백혈구 수, 혈색소, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), C-반응성 단백질, 총 빌리루빈, 총 콜레스테롤, 알부민, 렙틴 등의 혈액검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 혈장 렙틴 농도와 성별, 나이, 백혈구 수, 혈색소, AST, ALT, 총 빌리루빈, C-반응성 단백질, 통증강도 등의 상관 관계 분석 결과 렙틴과 생존기간에는 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관 관계를 보였으며, 단변량 분석한 결과 혈장 렙틴 농도는 생존기간과 통계적으로 경계수준의 유의한 관계를 보였으나, 단변량 분석에서 생존 기간에 유의한 영향을 미치는 성별, 백혈구 수, AST, ALT, 총 빌리루빈, 알부민, C-반응성 단백질을 포함하여 시행한 다변량 분석에서 혈장 렙틴 농도는 생존기간과 통계적으로 유의한 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 암성 식욕부진-악액질 증후군과 관련이 있는 혈장 렙틴 농도와 말기암환자의 생존기간과는 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보이지는 않았다. 그러나, 소화기계암환자에 있어서는 혈장 렙틴 농도가 생존기간 예측인자로서 쓰일 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2004

The anticancer potency of the ethanolic extract of Terminalia arjuna on N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Wistar albino rats was studied. Single intraperitoneal injection of DEN was administrated to induce liver cancer. After two weeks, phenobarbital (PB) was given orally for fourteen weeks to promote the cancer. The cancer bearing animals treated with ethanolic extract of T.arjuna (400 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days. Nucleic acids such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) were estimated in liver and kidney of control and experimental animals. Certain marker enzymes viz, alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 5'-nucleotidase (5'ND) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assayed in serum, liver and kidney of control and experimental animals. The levels of DNA and RNA were significantly increased in cancer bearing animals. The activities of ALT, AST, ACP, ALP, 5'ND, and LDH were significantly (P<0.001) increased in serum of cancer bearing animals. On the other hand, the levels of ALT, AST were decreased (P<0.001) and ACP, ALP, 5'ND, and LDH were significantly increased (P<0.001) in liver and kidney. These changes were reversed to near normal in drug treated animals. These observations suggest that the ethanolic extract of T.arjuna possess anticancer activity.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.301-314
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• 2003

본연구는 1998년 9월부터 2001년 9월까지 부산대학교 병원 구강악안면외과에 입원하여 구강암수술을 받았던 환자들중 무작위로 10명을 추출하여 실험1군으로, 심한 악안면감염증으로 인한 농양으로 절개 및 배농을 시행받았던 환자중 무작위로 10명을 추출하여 실험2군으로, 다발성 악안면골 골절상을 수상하여 골정복술을 시행받은 환자중 무작위로 10명을 추출하여 실험3군으로 선정하였다. 후향적 조사연구로서 이학적 임상평가자료 및 혈중의 여러 임상병리지표들을 비교하여 각군에서의 수술전, 수술직후, 수술후 1주째 또는 추가적으로 수술후 3주째 혈액검사상의 수치들에 대해 평균과 표준편차를 추출하였고 시기에 따른 유의성 있는 변화량을 나타내는 수치를 통계적으로 검정하였다. 또한 임상생징후 소견과와 관련하여 검사수치와의 연관성을 살펴보았다. 또 각 수치들 간의 상관관계가 유의성있게 나타난 경우를 통계적으로 검정하였다. 최종적으로 병리학적 수치변화로서 환자의 임상예후를 짐작할수 있는 유용한 혈액학적 지표를 확정하고자 하였다. 이상의 연구결과 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 종양환자에서는 Hb, MCV, Albumin, Cholesterol, LDH, AST, ALT, Neutrophil, Platelet, Leukocyte, Na, K, Cl, BUN, Creatinine으로 환자의 전신영양평가를 조사 하였다. 이 중 Hb, Albumin, AST, Neutrophil, Leukocyte, Cl 만이 시기별에 따라 유의성있는 변화치를 나타내었다. 그중 시기별 평균치가 정상범주와 큰 차를 보인 항목은 Cl 이었고 술전, 술후 1주째 유의 수준차는 P=0.004로 나타났다.임상 생징후인 체온, 호흡수, 혈압모두에서 혈액학적 수치과 관련된 유의성 있는 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 2. 농양환자에서는 CRP, ESR, Leukocyte, Body temperature, Neutrophil로서 감염정도에 따른 변화를 조사하였다. 이중 ESR 수치를 제외한 CRP, Leukocyte, BT, Neutrphil은 시기별에 따라 모두 유의성있는 변화치를 나타내었다. 시기별 평균치가 정상범주와 큰 차를 보인 항목은 CRP로서 술전, 술후 1주째 유의 수준차는 P=0.001로 나타났다. 기대되 었던 체온변화와 다른 혈액지표와 관계는 유의성을 띠지 못하였다. 3. 골절환자에서는 Hb, MCV, Albumin, Cholesterol, LDH, AST, ALT, Neutrophil, Platelet, Leukocyte, Na, K, Cl, BUN, Creatinine으로서 종양환자에서의 항목과 동일하게 하였다. 골절치료전, 치료후 퇴원시의 변화를 통계처리한 결과 Na와 Platelet 수치를 제외하고는 유의성있는 변화치는 관찰되지 않았다. 시기별 평균치가 정상범주와 큰 차를 보인 항목은 Platelet로서 술전과 술후의 유의수준차는 P=0.009로 나타났다. 임상생징후 변화는 유의성이 없었다. 4. 종양환자의 검사치간의 시기별에 따른 상관관계를 조사한 결과 유의확률이 0.05 이하인 수치들은 Hb과 Albumin, K, Na간, Neutrophil과 Leukocyte간이었고 상관계 수치는 $0.370{\sim}0.442$ 사이로 나타났다. 유의확률 0.01이하로 조사된 수치는 Cholesterol과 ALT간, LDH와 Platelet, Creatinine간, Platelet와 BUN간, Na와 K수치간 이었으며 상관계수는 $0.531{\sim}0.866$사이로 나타났다. 5. 농양환자에서의 검사치간 상관관계를 조사한 결과 유의확률이 0.05이하인 수치들은 CRP와 Neutrophil간 이었고 상관계수는 0.422이었고 유의확률은 0.020으로 나타났다. 6. 골절환자에서의 검사치간 상관관계를 조사한 결과 유의확률 0.05이하인 수치들은 MCV와 K 간, Albumin과 LDH 간, AST와 Creatinine, Na, Cl간, K와 Neutrophil간, Neutrophil과 Leukocyte, BUN, K간에서 유의성을 나타내었고 $0.421{\sim}0.511$ 사이의 상관 계수치의 분포를 보였다. 유의확률 0.01이하로 유의수준이 부여된 수치들은 LDH와 AST간, ALT와 AST, Creatinine간이었고 $0.528{\sim}0.535$의 상관 계수치를 보였다. 7. 농양환자에서 CRP의 변화량이 감염양상에 따라 유의한 변화를 보인것외 통상의 병리학적 혈액수치만으로 구강악안면 외과환자의 전신상태를 판정할수 있는 특징적인 양상을 띤 혈액학적 지표는 도출되지 않았다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2009

Mountain cultivated wild ginseng(MCWG) pharmacopuncture, which is known to have anti-cancer and anti-oxidation actions, was administered for clinical usage and changes in manifestations were observed on three patients suffering from pain attributed from liver dysfunctions. In two cases of hepatitis due to poisoning by drugs and one case of liver cirrhosis, long-term administration of MCWG pharmacopuncture yielded significant changes in AST and ALT, which are important indices for liver functions. Improved liver functions after the administration of MCWG pharmacopuncture suggest a need for investigation on future usage of MCWG pharmacopuncture on liver dysfunctions, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or liver cancer. Further studies on treating aforementioned disorders by MCWG pharmacopuncture are needed immediately.

• 셀메드
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.44.1-44.7
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• 2023

Objective: A case of reducing adverse effects associated with imatinib using Cyaplex F. Methods: The 52-year-old female with past medical history of stage 1 triple-positive breast cancer 10 years ago, and current metastatic melanoma has been complaining adverse effects after imatinib was started. Results: After OCNT was initiated, the patient's headache and muscle pain have been much tolerable and her AST/CPK levels were returned close to her baseline. Conclusion: OCNT may reduce side effects caused by Imatinib and help patient to stay with the current chemotherapy regimen.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2006

Purified rat liver aryl sulfotransferase IV (AST IV) was found to be inhibited in vitro by zinc, copper, cadmium and terbium. Among these four elements, zinc, copper and cadmium were all strongly inhibitory to the AST IV activity at very low concentrations (2.5 $\mu$M to 0.025 $\mu$M). In rat liver cytosol, zinc, copper and cadmium at 25 $\mu$M to 0.025 $\mu$M also decreased the AST IV activity to $50\%$ of the controls. In order to assess the possible effects of these metals on the AST IV activity recovery pattern in vivo, studies on the relationship between these minerals and dietary 2-acetylaminofluorene were conducted. Total of forty rats were fed one of five diets for 6 weeks: diet 1, Control diet plus 2-acetlyaminofluorene ($0.05\%$); diet 2, zinc-deficient diet plus 2-acetlyaminofluorene; diet 3, zinc-supplement diet plus 2-acetylaminofluorene; diet 4, copper-supplement diet plus 2-acetylaminofluorene; diet 5, cadmium-supplement diet plus 2-acetylaminofluorene. Half of the rats from each diet were changed to individual diet after 3 weeks of 2-acetylaminofluorene feeding. Placement of rats on the control diet following one cycle of 2-acetylaminofluorene feeding of 3 weeks without 2-acetylaminofluorene resulted in nearly full recovery of AST IV activity within 3 or 4 weeks. However, the rats fed diets that supplemented with zinc, copper or cadmium without 2-acetylaminofluorene showed a new pattern of lowered AST IV activity as early as the first cycle. Also, lowering in cytosolic AST IV contents was appeared in the livers from the rats, following one cycle of 2-acetylaminofluorene feeding of 3 weeks, fed one of the diets that supplemented with copper, cadmium or zinc without 2-acetylaminofluorene for ensuing 3 weeks.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2006

Aryl sulfotransferase (AST) IV is a liver enzyme involved in detoxication and has been shown to be susceptible to down regulation by a number of hepatotoxic xenobiotics. Studies presented here to investigate the ability of biological and non-biological divalent metal cations on AST IV activity showed that AST IV was strongly inhibited following in vitro or in vivo exposure to. Zn ( II ), Co ( II ) or Cd ( II ). It was found that $0.025\sim$2.5 uM of these metal ions were sufficient to cause $50\%$ of inhibition in vitro in purified AST IV and $0.25\sim$25 uM of these metal ions in liver cytosolic fractions. For the in vivo study, 1,000 mg Cu ( II )/kg, 2,000 mg Zn ( II )/kg or 250 mg Cd( II )/kg was added to individual diets and administered to three (3) group; of mts over a 7 week period The Co ( II )-supplemented diet produced no apparent change in rat growth rate and resulted in 30-fold increase in liver cytotolic Cu ( II ) levels, suggesting that elevated levels of Cu ( II ) ion in the liver were responsible for the loss of AST IV activity. In contrast, the Zn ( II )-supplemented diet caused a decrease in rat growth rates and resulted in zero increase in liver Zn ( II ) levels, which suggested an indirect inhibition mechanism was caused by Zn ( II ) in the liver. Rats were fed the Cd-supplemented diet also displayed a decrease in growth rate with little or no change in liver Cu ( II ) or Zn ( II ) levels. When the liver cytosols of mts from the metal ion diets were immunochemically analyzed for the AST IV and albumin contents, no significant changes were observed in albumin levels. However, AST IV contents in the cytosols of mts fed the Zn ( II )-supplemented diets showed a slight decrease in amount These results showed that AST IV activity in vitro and in vivo can be inhibited by Co ( II ), Zn ( II ), and Cd ( II ) by apparently different mechanisms. The immediate response to a Zn injection showed a decrease in AST IV activity but not in the AST IV content in liver cytosol. These mechanisms appeared to involve direct actions of the metal ion on AST IV activity and indirect actions affecting AST IV amount.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2021

Purpose: No consensus exists on whether to preserve or ligate an aberrant left hepatic artery (ALHA), which is the most commonly encountered hepatic arterial variation during gastric surgery. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of ALHA ligation by analyzing the perioperative outcomes. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 5,310 patients who underwent subtotal/total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Patients in whom the ALHA was ligated (n=486) were categorized into 2 groups according to peak aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels: moderate-to-severe (MS) elevation (≥5 times the upper limit of normal [ULN]; MS group, n=42) and no-to-mild (NM) elevation (<5 times the ULN; NM group, n=444). The groups were matched 1:3 using propensity score-matching analysis to minimize confounding factors that can affect the perioperative outcomes. Results: The mean operation time (P=0.646) and blood loss amount (P=0.937) were similar between the 2 groups. The length of hospital stay was longer in the MS group (13.0 vs. 7.8 days, P=0.022). No postoperative mortality occurred. The incidence of grade ≥ IIIa postoperative complications (19.0% vs. 5.1%, P=0.001), especially pulmonary complications (11.9% vs. 2.5%, P=0.003), was significantly higher in the MS group. This group also showed a higher Comprehensive Complication Index (29.0 vs. 13.9, P<0.001). Conclusions: Among patients with a ligated ALHA, those with peak AST/ALT ≥5 times the ULN showed worse perioperative outcomes in terms of hospital stay and severity of complications. More precise perioperative decision-making tools are needed to better determine whether to preserve or ligate an ALHA.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.4797-4800
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• 2015

Background: This analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of crizotinib based regimens in treating Chinese patients with EML4-ALK positive non-small-cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of crizotinib based regimens on response and safety for Chinese patients with EML4-ALK positive non-small-cell lung cancer were identified by using a predefined search strategy. Pooled response rate (RR) of treatment were calculated. Results: In crizotinib based regimens, 3 clinical studies which including 128 Chinese patients with EML4-ALK positive non-small-cell lung cancer and treated with crizotinib based regimen were considered eligible for inclusion. Pooled analysis suggested that, in all patients, the pooled RR was 59.3% (76/128) in crizotinib based regimens. ALT/AST mild visual disturbances, nausea, and vomiting were the main side effects. No treatment related death occurred in these crizotinib based treatments. Conclusions: This pooled analysis suggests that crizotinib based regimens are associated with good response rate and accepted toxicities in treating Chinese patients with EML4-ALK positive non-small-cell lung cancer.