• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2012

Objective: The goal of this study is to design a creative tutoring service, which helps children gain confidence and creativity through learning activities. Background: Nowadays most kids are growing up in a very competitive environment under their parents' zeal for education. A stressful environment can deter a child from the confident undertaking of challenges, leading to depression, anxiety, and feelings of inadequacy. Art therapy helps children work through these issues, however the process led by instructors or parents, and kids still feel anxious studying adults' face to read their thought. Method: To help children address challenges, a creative tutoring service application can provide images with certain tasks instead of asking them to fill in blank areas. The tasks asked by the service system are 1) to visualize children's own experience utilizing visually associated images from given images and 2) to create an illustrated story modifying and re-composing given images. Another task is to learn basic math and words with numbers and alphabets in customized colors. By completing each task children collect awards, which allow them graduate to higher levels of challenges. The outcomes from the tasks are sent to the main server system and reviewed by analysts. Those results are sent to children's parents as a text message on smart phone. Results: Visual implication using images inspires children to make creative stories based on their own experience. Also, children can find their own patterns of reaching answers by using synaesthetic imagery through repetitive practices of creative thinking tasks. Conclusion: Understanding how they feel about doing tasks in certain environments and assessing them in varied situations should be carefully considered when designers approach service design for kids. By focusing on how to tutor children in creative ways, as opposed to focusing on the expected outcome, creative service applications can be designed to reduce children's stress and encourage self expression. Children are predicted to gain confidence through using the service without the concern of comparison by others. Application: The creative tutoring service needs to be developed and tested by varying types of children.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.23-28
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• 1974

One of the consistent nuisances in accurate design of circuits containing coils with core is how to take into account the frequency dependence of Q of actual coils. The conventional equivalent circuit consisting of an inductance and a series (constant) resistance and possibly a parallel (constant) capacitance is of little use in this situation since the core loss itself is strongly dependent on the frequency. In order to circumvent this difficulty, in this paper, a mathematical expression for Q of a given core as a function of inductance and frequency is first assumed and parameters in this expression are optimiged so as to best fit the data provided by the core manufacturer or obtained experimentally. This expression is then utilized in accurate calculation of the frequency response of a given circuit required in the optimal design of circuits containing coils. In other words the proposed approach is an effective combination of an approximate expression of coil's Q and circuit optimisation technique, which seems to have solved, to a great extent, the stated difficulty associated with actual coils. As for the optimization technique, ths Fletcher-Powell procedure was employed and one example was given to illustrate the proposed approach.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.347-358
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the association between oral health status and pulmonary ventilatory defects. Methods: The 6th (2013-2015) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data was used. The study subjects were those aged 40-79 who had pulmonary function examination. Complex samples general linear model analysis, Complex samples cross-tabulation analysis, and Complex samples logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results: In terms of restrictive ventilatory defects, the study subjects (8.3%) who recognized that their oral health status was bad outnumbered those who recognized that their oral health status was good (6.1%) (p<0.05). Many of the study subjects who experienced difficulty in biting, chewing and/or speech, and who had an unhealthy periodontal had restrictive ventilatory defects and obstructive ventilatory defects (p<0.05). The association between oral health status and pulmonary ventilatory defects was analyzed. The findings showed that those who had unhealthy periodontal had a 1.33 times higher probability of pulmonary ventilatory defects than those who had a healthy periodontal (p<0.05). After taking into account general characteristics (age, sex, incomes, education, and smoking) of the subjects, the association between oral health status and pulmonary ventilatory defects was analyzed. The result found that only in cases where one experienced dental caries was an association with pulmonary ventilatory defects found. In other words, those who had dental caries showed a 0.73 times higher probability of pulmonary ventilatory defects than those who had no dental caries (p<0.05). Conclusions: Based on the findings of this research, oral health status was found to be associated with pulmonary ventilatory defects. To improve oral health, it is necessary to provide life-cycle stages based oral health education. Therefore, it is required to develop an oral health education program and develop a national oral health policy.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.43-55
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• 2008

Objectives : The acupuncture has been in the classic arsenal of Oriental medicine over inflammatory diseases. Its physiological mechanism is not fully understood but being known better everyday. We reviewed several papers to describe current concepts over anti-inflammatory mechanism of acupuncture. Methods : Some computerized literature searches were done using the key words of 'acupuncture' AND 'Anti-inflammatory' in Medline via Pubmed between March 2007 and December 2007. Only rationally-designed studies were picked among practically associated materials. A well-known hypothesis on acupunctural physiology was adapted for integration. Result : 18 studies were selected. 17 studies were laboratory experiment and 1 was a clinical study. Data was classified into some comprehensive categories. Author's opinion was added at the end of each category. Study results supported the hypotheses on acupunctural physiology; Acupuncture has some influences on autonomic nerve system(ANS). And it stimulates several receptors from target cells like macrophage, and finally inhbits cytokines like TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$ andIL-10 which are inflammation-mediated. Acupuncture increases the opioid releasing therefore relieves inflammation. And acupuncture inhibits cyclooxgenase(COX) but its mechanism is controversial until now. Conclusion : Current concepts over anti-inflammatory mechanism of acupuncture are as follows. Acupucture suppresses inflammation by stimulation of ANS, increasing of opioid releasing and inhibition of COX. But more studies are needed to fully describe the anti-inflammatory effect of acupuncture.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.262-268
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• 2001

Objectives : To integrate the results of studies which assess an association between blood lead and blood pressure. Methods : We surveyed the existing literature using a MEDLINE search with blood lead and blood pressure as key words, including reports published from January 1980 to December 2000. The criteria for quality evaluation were as follows: 1) the study subjects must have been workers exposed to lead, and 2) both blood pressure and blood lead must have been measured and presented with sufficient details so as to estimate or calculate the size of the association as a continuous variable. Among the 129 articles retrieved, 13 studies were selected for quantitative meta-analysis. Before the integration of each regression coefficient for the association between blood pressure and blood lead, a homogeneity test was conducted. Results : As the homogeneity of studies was rejected in a fixed effect model, we used the results in a random effect model. Our quantitative meta-analysis yielded weighted regression coefficients of blood lead associated with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure results of 0.0047 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.0061, 0.0155) and 0.0004 (95% CI: -0.0031, 0.0039), respectively. Conclusions : The published evidence suggested that there may be a weak positive association between blood lead and blood pressure, but the association is not significant.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

The vowel /o/ in Seoul Korean has been undergoing a sound change by altering the acoustic weighting of F2 and F1. Studies documented that this on-going change redefined the nature of a /o/-/u/ contrast as F2 differences rather than as F1 differences. The current study examined two cognitive factors namely executive function capacity (EF) and autistic traits, in terms of their roles in explaining who in speech community would adapt new acoustic forms of the target vowels, and who would retain the old forms. The participants, 55 college students speaking Seoul Korean, produced /o/ and /u/ vowels in isolated words; and completed three EF tasks (Digit N-Back, Stroop, and Trail-Making Task), and an Autism screening questionnaire. The relationships between speakers' cognitive task scores and their utilizations of F1 and F2 were analyzed using a series of correlation tests. Results yielded a meaningful relationship in participants' EF scores interacting with gender. Among the females, speakers with higher EF scores were better at retaining F1, which is a less informative cue for females since they utilized F2 more than they did F1 in realizing /o/ and /u/. In contrast, better EF control among male speakers was associated with more use of the new cue (F2) where males still utilized F1 as much as F2 in the production of /o/ and /u/ vowels. Taken together, individual differences in acoustic realization can be explained by individuals' cognitive abilities, and their progress in the sound change further predicts that cognitive ability influences the utilization of acoustic information which is non-primary to the speaker.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.197-210
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• 2020

The smart speaker includes an AI assistant function in the existing portable speaker, which enables a person to give various commands using a voice and provides various offline services associated with control of a connected device. The speed of domestic distribution is also increasing, and the functions and linked services available through smart speakers are expanding to shopping and food orders. Through text mining-based customer review analysis, there have been many proposals for identifying the impact on customer attitudes, sentiment analysis, and product evaluation of product functions and attributes. Emotional investigation has been performed by extracting words corresponding to characteristics or features from product reviews and analyzing the impact on assessment. After obtaining the topic from the review, the effect on the evaluation was analyzed. And the market competition of similar products was visualized. Also, a study was conducted to analyze the reviews of smart speaker users through text mining and to identify the main attributes, emotional sensitivity analysis, and the effects of artificial intelligence attributes on product satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to collect blog posts about the user's experiences of smart speakers released in Korea and to analyze the attitudes of customers according to their attributes. Through this, customers' attitudes can be identified and visualized by each smart speaker product, and the positioning map of the product was derived based on customer recognition of smart speaker products by collecting the information identified by each property.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.246-252
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• 1999

Objectives : Daytime drowsiness or sedation and changes in night sleep are commonly seen in patients treated with clozapine. There is, however, very limited information on their degree and nature during the course of treatment. The purpose of this study was to understand the sleep patterns in chronic schizophrenic patients with clozapine treatment over a period of 24 weeks. Method : The sleep pattern was evaluated using a set of 5-point scale questionnaire, to record subjective impressions of the night sleep induction, maintenance and quality, and daytime drowsiness and fatigue. In addition, unusual experiences associated with night sleep were recorded. The sleep questionnaire was repeatedly administered at baseline and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks of drug treatment. At present, data on 12 patients has been collected. Results : All the components of night sleep were significantly improved in the 1st through the 12th week after treatment with clozapine. Daytime drowsiness was significantly higher in the 1st to the 2nd week after the treatment and fatigue was also significantly higher in the 1st to the 4th week after the treatment. Eight patients experienced noticeable increases in salivation during night sleep, and of these, one also reported frequent nocturnal urination and even enuresis. However, all these adverse factors did not affect the major sleep patterns. Conclusions : These findings suggest that the beneficial effects of clozapine on night sleep might last much longer than the undesirable effect of daytime drowsiness and fatigue. In other words, tolerance of the hypnotic action of clozapine might develop late and tolerance of the daytime drowsiness and fatigue might be evident earlier.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.329-340
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• 2012

Wetland awareness is a crucial factor for wetland conservation and management. A multidisciplinary approach is needed for the understanding of wetland awareness as associated with history, culture, and social-economics of human society. In addition, a historical investigation of the causes and areas of destruction is important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to confirm how people understood and managed wetlands in the Joseon Dynasty using historical records (Annals of the Joseon Dynasty). Approximately twenty words were found in the historical records that were used to indicate and describe wetlands and/or wet soil conditions. Most records of wetlands have a negative context. This negative attitude towards wetlands could have influenced wetland use. Most wetlands had been converted to cultivation areas especially rice paddies although some wetlands, which were used for irrigation of cultivated crops or reclaimed as cultural land had been specially managed. Because wetlands were poorly drained soil and were located near streams or rivers, they were culturally important within the environment as water for rice paddies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

The purpose of this thesis is to study the formative characteristics and symbolism shown in Rock stars' hairstyles through rock music to have influenced youth culture. There were a D.A style and a mop top style which included the youth characteristic to seek a new desire and value as the hairstyles of Rock & Roll stars, along with the characteristics of Rock & Roll music to represent the feeling of teenagers in 1950's at that time unlike the previous music due to high beats mixed with Rhythm & Blues (R & B) and Country music, and use of electronic guitars. We can see the desire for challenge and freedom against the then present regime, shouting love and peace, and resistance in the Psychedelic Rock music stars' hairstyle, which are untrimmed and disheveled, that is, natural. We can find explosiveness in Mohican and Spike style of Punk Rock stars playing fierce and aggressive music, along with words including indignation and assertion against the society's regime. The Artistic characteristic is implied in the following hairstyles: Glam Rock stars' hairstyle, a man's long-haired but a little long crew-cut style to reduce the bulky feeling and to give a bisexual, visible shock with hair dyed in orange to emphasize magnificence, and Punk Rock stars' hairstyle showing beauty in their own way with expression of anti-beauty to intentionally look ugly. Like this, the 20th Century's Rock music and youth culture are closely associated each other, and showed a new style, and played a leading role in street fashion, which became a momentum to much influence high fashion as a look of the 20th century modern fashion.