• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제22권7호통권182호
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• pp.621-633
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• 1984

Kinesiograph로부터 얻어지는 자료의 선형범위를 확장하고자 하는 연구가 비철, 비자석성의 기구를 사용하여 수행되었다. 자석을 5mm의 일정한 간격으로 자석감지장치가 달린 구조물에 팽팽하게 세평면(frontal, horizontal, sogittal plam)을 통해 3cm×4cm×5cm의 입체공간내에서 693개의 움직여서 만들어지는 자료점으로 항렬 (matrix)을 얻었다. 각각의 자료점에 있어서 Kinesiograph로부터 얻어진 관찰된 값과 움직인 실제값이 상관지어졌다. 따라서 관찰된 값의 세 상관계수를 알게되면 실제값인 세 계수를 얻을수 있게 됐다. 이 업무를 수행하기 위해서 컴퓨터 프로그램이 Fortran을 이용해서 특별히 쓰여졌다. 각 자료점이 5mm 서로 떨어져 있으므로 연구된 입체공간에는 각각 8개의 자료점을 가진 480개의 입방체가 존재한다. 따라서 각각 자료점간에 더 작은 간극을 마련할 수 있다면 보다 더 정밀한 계측이 가능 할 것이다. 결론으로 컴퓨터의 도움으로 기능적 하악운동의 전체범위에 걸친 절대계측들 가능케 하는 이론적 모형이 제시되었다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제38권
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• pp.31.1-31.7
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• 2016

Background: The objective of this retrospective study was to show results from platform-switched narrow-diameter implants in the posterior edentulous region, which we followed up for more than 1 year after functional loading. Methods: Ninety-eight narrow implants were inserted into 66 patients. After healing, fixed implant-supported prostheses were delivered to the patients, and Periotest and radiographic examinations were performed. After the first year of loading, the implant outcome was again evaluated clinically and radiographically using the Periotest analysis. Crestal bone loss and Periotest values (PTVs) were used to evaluate the effect of surgery, prosthesis, implant, and a host-related factor. A general linear model was used to statistically detect variables statistically associated with crestal bone loss and Periotest value. Results: We followed up on the implants over 1 to 4 years after loading; their survival rate was 100 %, and pronounced differences from PTVs were noted among jaw location, bone quality, and loading period. No difference was detected in bone loss among the variables studied. Bone loss after functional loading was $0.14{\pm}0.39mm$. The stability value from the Periotest was $-3.29{\pm}0.50$. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, judicious use of platform-switched narrow implants with a conical connection must be considered an alternative for wide-diameter implants to restore a posterior edentulous region.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2015

Objectives: As the increasing of the length of the lifespan, more recent policy interest are concerned with how many years of life are lived without functional disability or activity limitation. We investigated the relationship between deprivation and activity limitation at the 251 local authority level. Methods: The data were derived from the 2010 Census 10% sample data. Crude and age-standardized activity limitation rates by gender at the ages of 50 or over and deprivation index were calculated. Mapping and multiple linear regression analysis were applied to explore relationship between area activity limitation and area deprivation. Results: There were considerable differences in activity limitation rate across the 251 local authorities. Age-standardized activity limitation rate in both male and female were strongly associated with the level of area deprivation. Especially, low social class, male unemployment, or non-apartment residents at the local level were strong positive association with local authorities' age-standardized activity limitation. Conclusion: More policy attention is needed for tackling regional inequality in activity limitation among older adults.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권9호
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• pp.578-583
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• 2011

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are biochemical markers used to test for liver diseases. Copy number variation (CNV) plays an important role in determining complex traits and is an emerging area in the study various diseases. We performed a genome-wide association study with liver function biomarkers AST and ALT in 407 unrelated Koreans. We assayed the genome-wide variations on an Affymetrix Genome-Wide 6.0 array, and CNVs were analyzed using HelixTree. Using single linear regression, 32 and 42 CNVs showed significance for AST and ALT, respectively (P value < 0.05). We compared CNV-based genes between the current study (KARE2; AST-140, ALT-172) and KARE1 (AST-1885, ALT-773) using NetBox. Results showed 9 genes (CIDEB, DFFA, PSMA3, PSMC5, PSMC6, PSMD12, PSMF1, SDC4, and SIAH1) were overlapped for AST, but no overlapped genes were found for ALT. Functional gene annotation analysis shown the proteasome pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, programmed cell death, and protein binding.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.39-74
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• 2018

Purpose: For more than 30 years, robust parameter design (RPD), which attempts to minimize the process bias (i.e., deviation between the mean and the target) and its variability simultaneously, has received consistent attention from researchers in academia and industry. Based on Taguchi's philosophy, a number of RPD methodologies have been developed to improve the quality of products and processes. The primary purpose of this paper is to review and discuss existing RPD methodologies in terms of the three sequential RPD procedures of experimental design, parameter estimation, and optimization. Methods: This literature study composes three review aspects including experimental design, estimation modeling, and optimization methods. Results: To analyze the benefits and weaknesses of conventional RPD methods and investigate the requirements of future research, we first analyze a variety of experimental formats associated with input control and noise factors, output responses and replication, and estimation approaches. Secondly, existing estimation methods are categorized according to their implementation of least-squares, maximum likelihood estimation, generalized linear models, Bayesian techniques, or the response surface methodology. Thirdly, optimization models for single and multiple responses problems are analyzed within their historical and functional framework. Conclusion: This study identifies the current RPD foundations and unresolved problems, including ample discussion of further directions of study.

• International Journal of Clinical Preventive Dentistry
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.256-263
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with masticatory performance, as measured with a chewing gum containing spherical resinous microparticles, and to evaluate the method by examining the relationship with self-reported masticatory status. Methods: The participants in this study comprised 903 industrial workers (mean age, $42.2{\pm}11.6years$). A questionnaire was administered to assess self-reported masticatory status. The masticatory performance score was calculated by counting the number of particles in the chewing gum. Clinical oral examinations were administered. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted on the masticatory performance scores to examine the related factors. Analysis of covariance was conducted to investigate the association between the masticatory performance score and the self-reported masticatory status. Results: Significant predictors of the masticatory performance score were sex (p<0.001), age (p<0.001), decayed teeth (p=0.009), total-functional tooth units (p<0.001), periodontitis (p=0.003), and malocclusion (p=0.011). The relationship between the masticatory performance score and the self-reported masticatory status was attenuated after controlling for confounding factors. Conclusion: The masticatory performance increased with age and decreased as the oral health status worsened. Using this chewing gum method partly, but not comprehensively, reflects masticatory performance. Therefore, various masticatory performance-related indexes should be employed to measure masticatory performance accurately.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2023

Purpose: During the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) outbreak, mask-wearing is required to protect against and limit the spread of infection, but it can directly affect skin problems. Change in skin condition might be related to mental health. This study explored the association between skin conditions and behavior of skin cares and stress levels during the Covid-19pandemics. Research design, data and methodology: A survey was conducted on 516 adults who were aware of damaged skin due to continuous wearing of masks for a long time during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The study included 164 men and 352 women in the Republic of Korea. Results: Skin conditions and behavior of skin cares associated with stress perceptions. A multiple linear regression model was used adjusting for potential confounder. Conclusion: Since management so far in the COVID-19 Pandemic can cause skin concerns and change the original skin type, it is necessary to redefine and improve the use of skin care, face-washing methods, and functional cosmetics. People with high and low interest in skin type recognition and management were evenly identified, and it was confirmed that stress awareness decreases as awareness of skin care attitude increases.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2014

The current study assessed the utility of acoustic analyses the most commonly used in routine clinical voice assessment including perturbation, nonlinear dynamic analysis, and Spectral/Cepstrum analysis based on signal typing of dysphonic voices and investigated their applicability of clinical acoustic analysis methods. A total of 70 dysphonic voice samples were classified with signal typing using narrowband spectrogram. Traditional parameters of %jitter, %shimmer, and signal-to-noise ratio were calculated for the signals using TF32 and correlation dimension(D2) of nonlinear dynamic parameter and spectral/cepstral measures including mean CPP, CPP_sd, CPPf0, CPPf0_sd, L/H ratio, and L/H ratio_sd were also calculated with ADSV(Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and VoiceTM). Auditory perceptual analysis was performed by two blinded speech-language pathologists with GRBAS. The results showed that nearly periodic Type 1 signals were all functional dysphonia and Type 4 signals were comprised of neurogenic and organic voice disorders. Only Type 1 voice signals were reliable for perturbation analysis in this study. Significant signal typing-related differences were found in all acoustic and auditory-perceptual measures. SNR, CPP, L/H ratio values for Type 4 were significantly lower than those of other voice signals and significant higher %jitter, %shimmer were observed in Type 4 voice signals(p<.001). Additionally, with increase of signal type, D2 values significantly increased and more complex and nonlinear patterns were represented. Nevertheless, voice signals with highly noise component associated with breathiness were not able to obtain D2. In particular, CPP, was highly sensitive with voice quality 'G', 'R', 'B' than any other acoustic measures. Thus, Spectral and cepstral analyses may be applied for more severe dysphonic voices such as Type 4 signals and CPP can be more accurate and predictive acoustic marker in measuring voice quality and severity in dysphonia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1703-1709
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• 2008

As genetic markers, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are very appropriate for the development of genetic tests for economic traits in livestock. Several microsatellite markers have been identified as useful markers for the genetic improvement of Hanwoo. Among those markers, ILSTS035 was recently mapped at a similar position with four SNPs (AH1_11, AH1_9, 31465_446, and 12273_165) in a linkage map of EST-based SNP in BAT6. Among the four SNPs, two SNPs (31465_446 and 12273_165) were analyzed using BLAST at the NCBI web site. The sequences including the 12273_165 SNP were identified at the intron region within the LOC534614 gene on the gene sequence map (Bos taurus NCBI Map view, build 3.1). The LOC534614 gene represents a protein similar to myosin heavy chain, fat skeletal muscle, embryonic isoform 1 in the dog, and myosin_1 (Myosin heavy chain D) in Macaca mulatta. In cattle, the myosin heavy chain was associated with muscle development. The phenotypic data for growth and carcass traits in the 415 animals were analyzed by the mixed ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) linear model using PROC GLM module in SAS v9.1. By the genotyping of Hanwoo individuals (n = 415) to evaluate the association of SNP with growth and carcass traits, it was shown that the 12273_165 SNP region within LOC534614 may be a candidate marker for growth. The results of the statistical analyses suggested that the genotype of the 12273_165 SNP significantly affected birth weight, weight of the cattle at 24 months of age, average daily gain and carcass cold weight (p<0.05). Consequently, the 12273_165 SNP polymorphisms at the LOC534614 gene may be associated with growth in Hanwoo, and functional validation of polymorphisms in LOC534614 should be performed in the future.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2016

The object of this study was to determine long-term temporal and spatial patterns of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), suspended solids, and chlorophyll (Chl) in Chungju Reservoir, based on the dataset of 1992 - 2013, and then to develop the empirical models of nutrient-Chl for predicting the eutrophication of the reservoir. Concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were largely affected by an intensity of Asian monsoon and the longitudinal structure of riverine (Rz), transition (Tz), and lacustrine zone (Lz). This system was nitrogen-rich system and phosphorus contents in the water were relatively low, implying a P-limiting system. Regression analysis for empirical model, however, showed that Chl had a weak linear relation with TP or TN, and this was mainly associated with turbid, and nutrient-rich inflows in the system. The weak relation was associated with non-algal light attenuation coefficients (Kna), which is inversely related water residence time. Thus, values of Chl had negative functional relation (R² = 0.25, p < 0.001) with nonalgal light attenuation. Thus, the low chlorophyll at a given TP indicated a light-limiting for phytoplankton growth and total suspended solids (TSS) was highly correlated (R² = 0.94, p < 0.001) with non-algal light attenuation. The relations of Trophic State Index (TSI) indicated that phosphorus limitation was weak [TSI (Chl) - TSI (TP) < 0; TSI (SD) - TSI (Chl) > 0] and the effects of zooplankton grazing were also minor [TSI (Chl) - TSI (TP) > 0; TSI (SD) - TSI (Chl) > 0].