• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.79-102
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• 2011

Researchers in channel dyads have devoted much attention to relationship between interdependence (i.e. interdependence enymmetry and total interdependence) and conflict that promote channel performance. In social science, in spite of the inconsistent results in marketing practice, there are two contradictory theories explain the relationship between interdependence and conflict - bilateral deterrence theory and conflict spiral theory. The authors apply these theories to co-marketing alliance situation in terms that this relationship is also incorporated both company's dependence, either from one company's perspective or each partner about its respective dependence. Using survey data and archival data from 181 companies enlisted in a telecommunication membership program, the authors find out the relationship between interdependence and conflict as well as investigate the antecedents of interdependence - transaction age, transaction frequency, the numbers of alliance partner, and co-marketing alliance specific assets according to previous researches. Using PLS analysis, the authors demonstrate that, with increasing total interdependence in a telecommunication membership program, two co-marketing partners' conflict level is increased in accord with the author's conflict spiral theory predictions. As expected, higher interdependence asymmetry has negative value to level of conflict even though this result is not statistically significant. Other findings can be summarized as follows. In the perspective of telecommunication company, transaction age, transaction frequency, and co-marketing alliance specific assets have influence on its dependence on a partner as independent variables. To the contrary, in a partner's perspective, transaction frequency, co-marketing alliance specific assets and the numbers of alliance partner have significantly impact on its dependence on a telecommunication company. In direct effect analysis, it is shown that transaction age, frequency and co-marketing alliance specific assets have direct influence on conflict. This results suggest that it is more useful for a telecommunication company to select a co-marketing partner which is frequently used by customers and earned high rates of mileage. In addition, the results show that dependence of a telecommunication company on a co-marketing partner is more significantly effected to co-marketing alliance conflict than partner's one. It provide an effective conflict management strategy to a telecommunication company for controling customer's usage rate or having the co-marketing partner deposit high level of alliance specific investment (i.e. mileage). To a co-marketing partner of telecommunication company, it is required control the percentage of co-marketing sales in total sales revenue or seek various co-marketing partners in order for co-marketing conflict management. The research implications, limitation and future research of these results are discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.163-175
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to provide an efficient internal control system formation incentives for company and to confirm empirically usefulness of the internal accounting control system for financial institutions by analyzing whether the internal control vulnerabilities of companies related significantly to the classification and assessment of soundness of financial institutions. Empirical analysis covered KOSPI, KOSDAQ listed companies and unlisted companies with more than 100 billion won of assets which have trading performance with "K" financial institution from 2008 until 2013. Whereas non-internal control vulnerability reporting companies by the internal control of financial reporting received average credit rating of BBB on average, reporting companies received CCC rating. And statistically significantly, non-reporting companies are classified as "normal" and reporting companies are classified as "precautionary loan" when it comes to asset quality classification rating. Therefore, reported information of internal control vulnerability reduced the credibility of the financial data, which causes low credit ratings for companies and suggests financial institutions save additional allowance for asset insolvency prevention and require high interest rates. It is a major contribution of this study that vulnerability reporting of internal control in accordance with the internal control of financial reporting can be used as information significant for the evaluation of financial institutions on corporate soundness.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.757-770
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• 2020

Industrial Control System(ICS) is a system that measures, monitors, and controls various distributed assets, and is used in industrial facilities such as energy, chemical, transportation, water treatment, and manufacturing plants or critial infrastructure. Because ICS system errors and interruptions can cause serious problem and asset damage, research on prevention and minimization of security threats in industrial control systems has been carried out. Previously wireless communication was applied in limited fields to minimize security risks, but the demand for industrial wireless communication devices is increasing due to ease of maintenance and cost advantages. In this paper, we analyzed the security threats of industrial wireless communication devices supporting WirelessHART and ISA100.11a. Based on the analysis results, we proposed the security requirements for adopting and operating industrial wireless communication devices. We expect that the proposed requirements can mitigate security threats of industrial wireless devices in ICS.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.969-980
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• 2008

This research was performed to simulate shellfish production systems and sales in Gamak Bay, South Korea. To study the way the shellfish system generates maxima, a numerical model was developed to simulate the model under a control and a number of different scenarios. The program calculates the EMERGY flows by multiplying the flows of energy and materials by the appropriate solar transformity. In this study, an energy systems model was built to simulate the variation of sustainability for oyster aquaculture. The results of the simulation based on 2005 data that as oyster production yield slightly increases, money and assets increase to a steady state. When the program is run control simulation, the system reaches carrying capacity after 8 years. The simulation of models with price of purchased inputs increased with 3.5% inflation rate per year showed maximum benefit of shellfish production occurs after 6 years but amounts are less than control simulation, and then decreases slightly in money and yield results. The results with 3.5% inflation and increase of oyster price annually showed steady and slightly increase of money and yield.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1988

^x This study was executed to measure the user's psychological carrying capacity in the National Park Campsite in the district of Temple Ku- Ryong as a model of analysis, which is made socio - psychological approach. The results are as follows ; 1. Since this Place hart a beautiful scenery and some cultural assets prosperties and lies near the metroplitan area, 67.5% of the user come from the district, such as Seoul, Inchon, Kyong - Ki Do, and the purpose of camping is to appease their stress and to promote friendly relationship one another. 2. Since most of the campers(86%) didn't recognize the injury of the natural environment, the enlightment movement and the public information for the protection of natural environment are urgent. And they thought that the good campsite is located near the stream(43.6%) or a quiet place(33.4%). 3. As the space per a man increase, the degree of their satisfactions showed the tendency to increase. The user's satisfaction were analyzed by three statistic methods, correlation, multiple regression and factor analysis. Affecting factors to the user's psychology by the varimax varimax rotated factor analysis were classified physical arts ecological satisfaction. 4. The carrying capacity of the campsite by the degree of psychological satisfaction of the user was measured. The result was that the proper space for one user campsite was 35m$^2$ 5. The 58% of the informants said that they root disturbed by the overcrowding in the campsite. But most of the users thought that it was not good to control the number of the users. And the 67.3% of the respondents answered that the best method was that we control the number of the users by order of arrival if we have to control it.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.39-46
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• 2020

Playing an important role in developing the economy and overall developments of the country, commercial banks have to be aware of their crucial presence in order to perform well and contribute significantly. At the same time, as a place to receive deposits, banks are required to be in safe situations to avoid bankruptcy or deal with financial crises. This research seeks to identify the determinants of Capital Adequacy Ratio and Banks' performance as well as the relationship between these two dependent variables. The paper uses 128 observations of 16 Vietnamese commercial banks during the period from 2010 to 2017, with two simultaneous dependent variables CAR and ROE, and independent variables including Return on Assets, Tobin Q, Credit growth, GDP growth, Equity to Deposits, Loans to Deposits, Bank size, Cost to Income, Liquidity risk, Provision for Loan loss ratio, Non-performing loans and Inflation. The results reveal that Capital Adequacy Ratio and Banks' Performance have statistically significant relationship and Credit growth, GDP growth, Equity-to-Deposit ratio and Cost-to-Income ratio all have significant effects on two dependent variables. The findings of this study suggest that commercial banks should control the respective elements in order to maintain adequate level of capital and also create effective performance.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Objectives : Cash Flows from operating activities is the most important part of the cash flow statement and it serves as an important financing source. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the contents of cash flows from operating activities on the changes in borrowings. Methods : In this study financial data from 2011 to 2014 were used to analyz 36 general hospitals and 85 hospitals according to the index displaying variation against the previous year. Results : For general hospitals, borrowings in cash flow from financing activities increased as net income decreased; while depreciation etc increased in cash flow from operating activities. For hospitals, borrowings in cash flow from financing activities increased as the gain on disposition of tangible assets in cash flow from operating activities decreased. Conclusions : General hospitals need to control the management of borrowings and depreciation at the level of funding management; whereas hospitals need to manage of future cash forecasts for stability of operational funds.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.22 no.3 s.57
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• pp.163-181
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• 2005

In order to adapt the digital rights management community for the standardisation of expressing rights information in the libraries' content for the control of the rights of the digital works, it is necessary to establish rights information, that can build effective system of the distribution structure by the public ownership of the rights information and the interoperability of system. This research developed rights information constructing system in order to protect and enforce their rights over digital assets and embodied utilizing use-process of rights information.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.8C
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• pp.838-848
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• 2005

Most of the national critical key infrastructure, such as power, piped gas and water supply facilities, or the high-speed railroad, is run on the SCADA system. Recently, concerns have been raised about the possibility of these facilities being attacked by cyber terrorists, hacking, or viruses. Thus, it is time to adopt the relevant security management techniques. This paper attempts to propose such security management techniques, including information protection measures and troubleshooting, based on a risk analysis process concerning assets, threats/vulnerability, and hazards, and to examine the security management status of critical key infrastructure in the U.S. and Japan.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.15 no.1_2
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• pp.109-126
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• 2004

This paper deals with two problems of optimal portfolio strategies in continuous time. The first one studies the optimal behavior of a firm who is forced to withdraw funds continuously at a fixed rate per unit time. The second one considers a firm that is faced with an uncontrollable stochastic cash flow, or random risk process. We assume the firm's income can be obtained only from the investment in two assets: a risky asset (e.g., stock) and a riskless asset (e.g., bond). Therefore, the firm's wealth follows a stochastic process. When the wealth is lower than certain legal level, the firm goes bankrupt. Thus how to invest is the fundamental problem of the firm in order to avoid bankruptcy. Under the case of different lending and borrowing rates, we obtain the optimal portfolio strategies for some reasonable objective functions that are the piecewise linear functions of the firm's current wealth and present some interesting proofs for the conclusions. The optimal policies are easy to be operated for any relevant investor.