• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2021

In this study, different types and shapes of various particles produced on the asphalt pavement road were analyzed. Road dust at a bus stop was collected and was separated as per their sizes by using a sieve shaker. Tire-road wear particles (TRWPs), asphalt pavement wear particles (APWPs), mineral particles, plant-related particles, glass beads, glass particles, road paint wear particles, plastic particles, and fibers were observed herein. The types and shapes of the particles varied depending on their sizes. TRWPs larger than 500 ㎛ were not observed. TRWPs with a size of 212-500 ㎛ were rarely present, but many TRWPs with a size smaller than 212 ㎛ were observed. APWPs were observed for whole-particle sizes of below 1,000 ㎛. A variety of particles on the road would lead to lower friction between the tires and the road, thereby increasing the braking distance of vehicles. Most of the particles include mineral particles, glass particles, and APWPs with rough surfaces. Therefore, the abrasion of the tire tread would accelerate owing to friction with the tough particles.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2023

Asphalt pavements are generally composed of fine and coarse aggregates, bitumen, and modifier. Asphalt pavement wear particles (APWPs) are produced by friction between the road surface and the tire tread, and they flow into the environment such as rivers and oceans. Model APWPs were prepared and a single APWP of 212-500 (S-APWP) and 500-1000 ㎛ (L-APWP) was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to investigate inhomogeneity in the compositions of the APWPs. The reference TGA thermogram was built using thermograms of the raw materials and formulation of the model asphalt pavement. The compositions of the APWPs were different from each other. Ash contents of the APWPs were lower than expected. Inhomogeneity in the total contents of bitumen and modifier was more severe than that in the other components. The inhomogeneity of the S-APWPs was more severe than that of the L-APWPs.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2022

A large amount of particles on the roads is produced by friction between the vehicles and the road surface and by inflow from outside. The type of these particles affects the abrasion behavior of tire tread. In this study, road dust collected at a bus stop was separated by size, and the particles with sizes of 106-212 mm were analyzed. The particles were separated by density using NaI and NaBr aqueous solutions with densities in the range of 1.10-1.80 g/cm³ with the 0.10 g/cm³ interval. In the road dust sample, the following particle types were found: tire-road wear particles (TRWPs), asphalt pavement wear particles (APWPs), plant-related particles (PRPs), road paint wear particles (RPWPs), and plastic particles (PPs). The densities of TRWPs, APWPs, PRPs, and RPWPs were 1.20-1.80, >1.60, >1.10, and >1.40 g/cm³, respectively, while PPs were found in all density ranges. Additionally, many small mineral particles were observed on the particles. Order of the relative content of the particles was PRP > TRWP > APWP ~ RPWP > PP. APWPs that were stuck to TRWP could be removed by chloroform treatment. The shapes of the particles were characterized using their magnified images.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.282-288
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 신규 건설된 특수개질 아스팔트 포장체와 기존 도로로써 일반 아스팔트 포장체의 도로변 미세먼지의 발생량을 분석하였다. 충청남도 지자체로써 차량 통행이 높은 C 도시의 고속버스터미널과 상업 시설 지역에 위치한 도로변에서 2022년과 2023년 하절기 동안 3일 간격으로 1,000 g(100 g/day)의 먼지 샘플을 채집하였다. 채집된 먼지 샘플은 크기와 밀도 분리를 통해 75-150 ㎛ 범위의 미세먼지 및 타이어와 도로 마모입자로 전처리하여 분리하였다. 기존 도로로써 일반 아스팔트 포장체 구간인 No.1-3 구역의 미세먼지 및 타이어와 도로 마모입자의 평균은 각각 24.27 g과 24.36 g 및 0.53 g과 0.53 g으로, 2022년과 2023년의 미세먼지 발생량 데이터를 비교할 때 정량적 결과가 유사하게 분석되었다. 신규 건설된 특수개질 아스팔 트 포장체 구간인 No.4-6 구역은 2022년 분석 결과와 비교할 때 2023년 미세먼지는 14.8 %, 타이어와 도로 마모입자는 29.6 % 감소되었다. 또한, 열중량분석 결과에 의하면, No.1-3 구역의 타이어와 도로 마모입자는 타이어와 도로 성분이 각각 30 %와 70 %로 분석되었다. 그러나, No.4-6 구역의 2023년에는 타이어와 도로 성분이 각각 35 %와 65 % 분석되었다. 이러한 결과로부터 신규 건설된 특수개질 아스팔트 포장체에서 도로변 미세먼지 및 타이어와 도로 마모입자 발생을 낮출 수 있는 미세먼지 저감 효과를 확인 할 수 있었다. 그러나, 다양한 환경 및 기후적 변수를 고려한 공간적 제약 및 샘플 수집 기간의 한계로부터 추후 지속적인 연계성을 확보한 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다. 따라서, 향후에는 미세먼지를 저감할 수 있는 아스팔트 포장체의 기술적 접근과 도심지 도로변에서 발생되는 미세먼지 및 타이어와 도로 마모입자의 정량적 분석에 대한 다양한 사례 연구를 진행할 계획이다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2012

A large fraction of urban $PM_{10}$ concentrations is due to non-exhaust traffic emissions including road dust, tire wear particles, and brake lining particles. Although potential health and environmental impacts associated with tire wear debris have increased, few environmentally and biologically relevant studies of actual tire wear debris have been conducted. Tire wear particles (TWP) are released from the tire tread as a result of the interaction between the tire and the pavement. Roadway particles (RP), meanwhile, are particles on roads composed of a mixture of elements from tires, pavements, fuels, brakes, and environmental dust. The main objective of present study is to identify the contribution of tires to the generation of RP and to assess the potential environmental and health impacts of this contribution. First, a mobile measurement system was constructed and used to measure the RP on asphalt roads according to vehicle speed. The equipment of the mobile system provides $PM_{10}$ concentrations by Dusttrak DRX and number density & size distribution measurements of fine and ultra-fine particles by a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS) and an aerosol particle sizer (APS). When traveling on an asphalt road at constant speed, there is a clear tendency for $PM_{10}$ concentration to increase slightly in accordance with an increase in the vehicle speed. It was also found that considerable brake wear particles and particles from tire/road interface were generated by rapid deceleration of the vehicle. As a result, the $PM_{10}$ concentration and particle number of ultra-fine particles were measured to be very high.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2012

A large fraction of urban $PM_{10}$ concentrations is due to non-exhaust traffic emissions including road dust, tire wear particles, and brake lining particles. Although potential health and environmental impacts associated with tire wear debris have been increased, few environmentally and biologically relevant studies of actual tire wear debris have been conducted. Tire wear particles (TWP) are released from the tire tread as a result of the interaction between the tire and the pavement. Roadway particles (RP), meanwhile, are particles on roads composed of a mixture of elements from tires, pavements, fuels, brakes, and environmental dust. The main objective of present study is to identify the contribution of tires to the generation of RP and to assess the potential environmental and health impacts of this contribution. First, a mobile measurement system was constructed and used to measure the roadway particles on asphalt road according to vehicle speed. The equipment of the mobile system provides $PM_{10}$ concentrations by Dusttrak DRX and number density & size distribution measurements of fine and ultra-fine particles by a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS) and an aerosol particle sizer (APS). When traveling on an asphalt road at constant speed, there is a clear tendency for PM10 concentration to increase slightly in accordance with an increase in the vehicle speed. It was also found that considerable brake wear particles and particles from tire/road interface were generated by rapid deceleration of the vehicle. The morphology and elements of the roadway particles were also analyzed using SEM-EDX technique.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2021

Tire and road wear particles (TRWPs) were collected from road dust and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to measure the content of tire wear particles (TWPs) in the TRWPs. The TGA thermograms of TRWPs showed two weight loss steps associated with polymer decomposition including weight loss after 480℃ which may be due to road wear particles. Different samples gave different TGA thermograms because the types and contents of the road wear particles attached to the TWPs should be different from each other, and each TWP might have different composition. The TGA results of the model asphalt pavement wear particles, with (volatile organics + polymers + carbon black) : ash = 33.5 : 66.5, was applied to the TRWP results, and the TWP contents of TRWPs were found to be 50-65%. The zinc oxide content in the rubber compound was negligible.