• Mycobiology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.172-180
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• 2022

The new genus and species, Jejulea byssolomoides, is described from Jeju Island, Korea. This lichen is characterized by saxicolous, crustose, pale greenish-gray, partly finely filamentous, matt, smooth thallus, prominent convex brown to dark brown ascomata with a concolorous margin constricted at the dark brown base, 300-800 ㎛ diameter, 200-250 ㎛ high, without a distinct proper margin, adhering to the substratum ending in a minute byssoid white external part of cylindrical cells, fusiform 3-5 septate ascospores (17-23 × 4-5 ㎛). Phylogenetic analyses using ITS and mtSSU sequences place Jejulea in the Pilocarpaceae (Lecanorales). The new taxon is closely related to Byssoloma, a cosmopolitan group of foliicolous lichens, which is most diverse in the tropics. Like Byssoloma, Jejulea also forms a byssoid apothecial margin.

• Mycobiology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2022

Aspicilia humida Lee is described as a new lichen-forming fungus from a wetland forest, South Korea. The new species is distinguishable from Aspicilia aquatica (Fr.) Körb., the most similar species, by the absence of prothallus, black disk without green color in water, olivebrown epihymenium, shorter hymenium, hymenium I + yellowish blue-green, wider paraphysial tips without a vivid pigment, smaller asci, smaller ascospores, and the presence of stictic acid. Molecular analyses employing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) sequences strongly support A. humida as a distinct species in the A. cinerea group. A surrogate key is provided to assist in the identification of all 28 aspicilioid species of Korea.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2015

Hypocrea disease is the most severe disease of oyster mushroom cultivation in Korea. Physiological and ecological studies were performed on the pathogens (Hypocrea spp.) to obtain basic information for developing the integrated disease management system. Fourteen isolates of Hypocrea were collected from oyster mushroom house in five areas. Pathogenic fungi causing disease of oyster mushroom were identified as Hypocrea sp. based on morphological characteristics and pathogenicity. Two isolates (H-1, H-12) showed the fastest growth at $15^{\circ}C$ but four isolates (H-8, H-9, H-13, H-14) showed slower growth than those of other isolates at $20^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. Stroma with ascocarps and ascospore were produced on PDA under fluorescent light. The five isolates produced stroma with ascocarps and ascospores. Formation of fruiting body of strains H-14 of Hypocrea were the best out of all the strains on the potato dextrose agar (PDA). Also, fruiting bodies and ascospores were completely produced under fluorescent light. The growth of the isolates was correlated with total carbon content. The stroma of the isolates was formed mainly in histidine and asparagine treatment and especially in histidine-70 and asparagine-100 treatment. In the test of pathogenicity, after and before spawning showed very fast incidence of disease.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.2 s.85
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• pp.287-292
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• 1998

The perfect state of Bipolaris coicis, causing leaf blight of Job's tears, was in duced under in vitro conditions. Eighty nine isolates of the fungus were collected from 17 locations in Korea from 1994 to 1996. They were crossed on Sach's nutrient agar, on which a piece of rice straw was placed, and incubated at $25^{\circ}C$. Pseudothecia were produced only by certain combinations of compatible isolates. Although pseudothecia were usually produced on rice straw two weeks after incubation, asci and ascospores were observed only in a few pseudothecia examined. The pseudothecia were black and globose with protruding ostiolar beaks. The locules were filled with a mass of hyaline and filamentous pseudoparaphyses. Asci were cylindrical to clavate and straight or slightly curved. The ascus wall was bitunicate with short stipes. Ascospores were filiform, hyaline, and arranged parallel to slightly coiled in the asci, measuring $143-166.4{\times}2.6-3.8\;{\mu}m$. Perfect state of the fungus was identified as Cochliobolus nisikadoi (Tsuda, Ueyama & Nishihara Alcorn), based on the morphological characteristics.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.178-184
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• 2006

The 18 isolates of soybean red crown rot pathogen(Calonectria ilicicola) were isolated from infected soybean plants showing chlorosis symptom and red perithecia sign in 2002 and 2003 season in Korea. The morphological characteristics of the typical isolate SC03-15, such as macroconidia and macrovesicles in anamorph as well as perithecia, asci and ascospores in teleomorph, were observed from red crown rot pathogens. The perithecia were red-brown globose to ovoid, and $357.9(312.5{\sim}391.5.7){\mu}m$ high and $474.3(419{\sim}535){\mu}m$ diameter. Asci were hyaline and clavate and included 8 ascospores, which were straight to slightly curved, 1(-3)-septate, and $36.9(31.1{\sim}49.4){\times}5.2(4.5{\sim}6.1){\mu}m$. Macroconidia in anamorph were cylindrical, hyaline and in size $73.2(68.1{\sim}77.6){\times}5.8(4.9{\sim}6.8){\mu}m$. Further identification process was performed through molecular method, such as a phylogenetic analysis by rDNA sequencing of ITS and $\beta$-tubuline genes of all isolates tested in this study. All isolates were identified as Calonectria ilicicola by DNA sequencing of ITS and $\beta$-tubuline genes, and morphological characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.40-43
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• 2003

Symptoms similar to anthracnose were observed on Amaranthus mangostanus in Sancheon-gun, Gyeongnam province, where the plants were autogenously formed community. The symptoms were appeared in stem and spread, eventually whole plants died. Mycelial colony of the isolate was whitish gray to dark gray on potato dextrose agar. Conidia were single celled, colorless, cylindrical and measured as $10.5{\sim}21.7{\times}3.8{\sim}6.0{\mu}m$. Appressoria were dark brown, ovate to obovate and sized as $5.6{\sim}13.7{\times}4.6{\sim}11.4{\mu}m$. Perithecia were brown to black in color and shaped as globose to obpyriform and sized as $79.7{\sim}286.7{\mu}m$. Asci had eight ascospores and sized as $47.7{\sim}89.7{\times}8.1{\sim}13.3{\mu}m$. Ascospores were slightly curved at the center cylindrical, fusiform and measured $9.3{\sim}20.3{\times}4.6{\sim}6.3{\mu}m$. Optimum temperature for growth was $30^{\circ}C$. On the basis of morphological characteristics and pathogenicity test to host plants, the fungus was identified as Glomerella cingulata. This is the first report on the Anthracnose of Amaranthus mangostanus caused by Glomerella cingulata in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2017

Several yeast strains were isolated from leaves collected from Mt. Daedun and Mt. Chilgap in Korea. A total of 79 strains of 32 species were isolated from 44 leaves obtained from Mt. Daedun. Cryptococcus spp., including Cryptococcus magnus, were found to be dominant, while 16 strains of Aureobasidium pullulans were isolated. Among the strains isolated from Mt. Daedun, Asterotremella humicola JSL502, Barnettozyma californica JSL503, Bullera unica JSL501, Bulleromyces albus JSL505, and Candida vaccinii JSL507 are considered rare yeast species in Korea. All of these rare strains, except for Bulleromyces albus JSL505, formed ascospores. Bullera unica JSL501 was able to grow in yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) medium containing 10% NaCl. Twenty-five yeast strains of 18 species were isolated from 43 leaves obtained from Mt. Chilgap. Six strains of Pseudozyma spp., including three strains of Pseudozyma aphidis, were isolated in the dormant state. Of these strains, the occurrence of Rhodotorula phylloplana JSL515, Rhodotorula pinicola JSL516, Schwanniomyces vanrijiae JSL517, and Sporisorium loudetiae JSL518 is rare in Korea. Only Sporisorium loudetiae JSL518 formed ascospores, while Rhodotorula pinicola JSL516 and Sporisorium loudetiae JSL518 formed pseudomycelia. The halophilic yeast Schwanniomyces vanrijiae JSL517 was isolated and observed to grow in YPD medium containing 5% NaCl.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.79-81
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• 2012

Cankers are localized dead areas in the bark of stems, branches or twigs of many types of trees and shrubs, and are usually caused by fungi. We observed severe canker symptoms in oak trees located in Gyeongnam province in 2011. A total 31 trees were discovered with cankers of varied size, with an average of $48.5{\times}15.2cm$. Black, half-rounded globular mound shaped stromata were associated with the cankers, and the asci of the fungi associated with the cankers were cylindrical shaped with their spore-bearing parts being up to 84 ${\mu}m$ in length. The average fungal ascospores size was $7.59{\times}4.23{\mu}m$. The internal transcribed spacer sequence for the canker causing fungus showed 99% similarity to the sequence of $Annulohypoxylon$ $truncatum$. In this study, the isolated fungus was precisely described and then compared with fungi of similar taxa.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.347-349
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• 2001

Black blights attacked the blossom and flower buds of wild chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum boreale) in the experimental field in Hamyang in 1998. The infection rate of the disease on the plant ranged from 4.0 to 91.8%. The pathogen isolated from the infected flower buds produced numerous conidia in pycnidia. The pycnidia, which were immersed into the petals, emerged through the epidermis by short ostiolate neck. Conidia had 0-3 septate (mostly uniseptate) and were 10-27.5 $\times$5-7.5 ㎛ in size. The fungus produced pseudothecia on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and uniseptate ascospores produced in asci were 10$\times$2.7 ㎛ in size. The pathogen also produced pycnidia and pycnidiospores on PDA after 4 weeks in the dark condition. The conidia produced on PDA were smaller than those from infected plants. Based on the examined mycological characteristics, the fungus was identified as Didymella chrsanthemi.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 1994

The fungal pathogen Monosporascus annonballus was first isolated in Korea from the rotted roots of bottle gourd stocks of collapsed watermelon plants in fields near Chochiwon, Choongnam province in July, 1993. Perithecia of M. cannonballus were dark brown to black, globose, 220~570 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diam. and had many asci. Asci are hyaline, clavate to pyriform, and 50~120$\times$35~570 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. Ascospores were aseptate, dark brown to black, globose, 25~45$\times$30~50 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diam, and borne singly in each ascus. The fungus grew in the temperature range of 4 to 34$^{\circ}C$, best at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH for growth was 6.8. Mycelial growth rate of M. cannonballus was 25.5mm/day on PDA at 26$^{\circ}C$. Perithecia began to form after 20-day-growth on PDA and produced mature asci after 30 days or later. In the greenhouse inoculation tests, the fungus developed water-soaked lesions on roots of bottle gourd seedlings and was then reisolated from the lesions. Severed damages on watermelon plants by M. cannonballus are greatly concerned in Korea, since no stocks used for watermelon cultivation have reported to be resistant to the fungus.