• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.567-572
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• 2010

This study examined the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of an ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi) in rats in vivo. Rats were fed on experimental diet including dried ascidian powder (200 mg/kg body weight) for 4 weeks, and then the triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in blood were analyzed. On the ascidian tunic powder diet, the triglyceride level decreased by more than 20.9% and the total cholesterol content decreased by more than 24.4%. In comparison, the triglyceride and total cholesterol level in the blood of rats fed ascidian meat powder decreased only slightly. Therefore, the ascidian tunic powder might be a healthy food with antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.474-478
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• 2003

우렁쉥이 추출 불용성 식이섬유를 5%, 10%, 20% 첨가한 식이 후 실험쥐 집단의 영양생리학적 특성변화를 조사하였다. Cellulose 급여에 따른 총 식이량에는 차이가 없었으나 식이 중 cellulose의 함량이 높아짐에 따라 체중은 감소하였으며 식이효율의 조절, 배변량 증가, 변의 수분 증가, 식이의 장 통과시간 단축, 장 길이의 증가 등의 유의적인 효과를 나타내었다. 우렁쉥이 식이섬유를 급여한 실험쥐의 혈청분석 결과 total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, 중성 지질 및 인지질, 혈당은 식이섬유의 함량이 높아짐에 따라 감소하였으며 HDL-cholesterol은 식이섬유의 함량이 높아짐에 따라 증가하였다. 따라서 우렁쉥이 식이섬유를 첨가한 가공식품을 섭취할 경우 배변량의 조절, 변비 및 비만조절, 혈청 지질의 감소와 같은 유용한 생리적 효과가 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2009

The causative agent for the tunic softness syndrome of the cultured ascidian Halocynthia roretzi from Jan 1999 to Feb 2009 was identified using virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The pathogenicity of the isolated virus MABV UR-1 strain was determined by experimental infection trials. The cytopathic effects was observed in CHSE-214 cell line at a level 5.1% (4/78) in normal ascidian and 1.8% in abnormal ascidian showing tunic softness syndrome signs. MABV gene was detected in 16.8% (18/107) of normal and 13.1% (5/38) of abnormal organisms by PCR. The ratio of MABV isolation and gene detection was similar level in normal and soft tunic diseased ascidian. Based on the VP2/NS junction region sequences, eight strains of virus isolated from ascidian, were included in the same genogroup with MABV which is originally isolated in wide ranges of marine fish and shellfish species. The UR-1 strain caused 60% mortality (36.5% mortality in control group) by immersion infection and 37% mortality (same mortality in control group) in injection infection indicating no significant differences in infected and control groups. These results suggest that ascidian can act as reservoir of the MABV, and this virus is not directly related with the ascidian mortality.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.371-378
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• 2012

Notch signaling plays fundamental roles in various animal development. It has been suggested that Hr-Notch, a Notch homologue in the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi, is involved in the formation of peripheral neurons by suppressing the neural fates and promoting the epidermal differentiation. However, roles of Notch signaling remain controversial in the formation of nervous system in ascidian embryos. To precisely investigate functions of Notch signaling, we have isolated and characterized Hr-Numb, a Numb homologue which is a negative regulator of Notch signaling, in H. roretzi. Maternal expression of Hr-Numb mRNAs was detected in egg cytoplasm and the transcripts were inherited by the animal blastomeres. Its zygotic expression became evident by the early neurula stage and the transcripts were detected in dorsal neural precursor cells. Suppression of Hr-Numb function by an antisense morpholino oligonucleotide resulted in larvae with defect in brain vesicle and palps formation. Similar results have been obtained by overexpression of the constitutively activated Hr-Notch forms. Therefore, these results suggest that Hr-Numb is involved in Notch signaling during ascidian embryogenesis.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.467-473
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• 2017

Ascidian embryos have become an important model for embryological studies, offering a simple example for mechanisms of cytoplasmic components segregation. It is a well-known example that the asymmetric segregation of mitochondria into muscle lineage cells occurs during ascidian embryogenesis. However, it is still unclear which signaling pathway is involved in this process. To obtain molecular markers for studying mechanisms involved in the asymmetric distribution of mitochondria, we have produced monoclonal antibodies, Mito-1, Mito-2 and Mito-3, that specifically recognize mitochondria-rich cytoplasm in cells of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi embryos. These antibodies stained cytoplasm like reticular structure in epidermis cells, except for nuclei, at the early tailbud stage. Similar pattern was observed in vital staining of mitochondria with DiOC2, a fluorescent probe of mitochondria. Immunostaining with these antibodies showed that mitochondria are evenly distributed in the animal hemisphere blastomeres at cleavage stages, whereas not in the vegetal hemisphere blastomeres. Mitochondria were transferred to the presumptive muscle and nerve cord lineage cells of the marginal zone in the vegetal hemisphere more than to the presumptive mesenchyme, notochord and endoderm lineage of the central zone. Therefore, it is suggested that these antibodies will be useful markers for studying mechanisms involved in the polarized distribution of mitochondria during ascidian embryogenesis.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.910-915
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• 1996

본 연구는 우렁쉥이(Halocynthia roretzi)의 가공 및 저장 수단을 모색하기 위하여 냉동품으로서의 가능성과 동결저장 중 이에 수반되어 일어나는 흑변방지를 목적으로 실시하였으며, 흑변현상은 저장온도가 낮고, Polyethylene film으로 밀착포장한 것은 그렇지 않은 것보다 진행속도가 완만하였다. 식품첨가물 중 식염수와 구연산이 흑변방지 효과가 우수하였으며 3%식염수에 0.3% 구연산 함유용액을 조제하여 $3{\sim}5$분간 침지한 다음 수지 필름에 밀착포장하여 $-45^{\circ}C$에서 5시간동안 동결한 것을 $-20^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 것은 저장 200일까지도 색조 및 품질 변화가 거의 없었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1021-1025
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• 1996

우렁쉥이의 저장성을 부여하기위한 가공수단으로서 동결저장에 대한 가능성을 검토하였다. 우렁쉥이의 동결저장을 시도하였던 바, 각부체로 동결하였을 때는 대형 빙결정에 의한 육조직의 손상, 해동후 드립유출량 과다, 색조의 퇴색 등으로 그 품질이 빈약한데 비하여 박신하여 동결한 것은 각부체로 동결한 것에 비하여 조직특성, 색깔, 수율, 드립량 등의 품질특성이 우수하였으나, 약 60일 이후에는 흑변현상이 나타나기 시작하여 품질이 저하되었으므로 장기간의 동결저장을 위하여는 혹변방지에 관한 연구가 병행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.761-769
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• 1995

About 2.1g of pale yellow flavor concentrate was obtained from 10kg of chopped fresh ascidians through a Likens-Nickerson steam distilllation/solvent extraction. These concentrates could be fractionated to neutral $(91.5\%),\;basic\;(1.0\%),\;phenolic\;(3.2\%),\;and\;acidic\;(4.3\%)$ fractions. Total 65 volatile compounds were identified from those concentrates. The neutral fraction was representative flavor fraction which showed a similar flavor of total steam distillates of ascidian. The major compounds $(38.2\%\;of\;neutral\;fraction)$ were identified as carbon atoms 8 to 10 of alcohols. Among these volatile alcohols, 1-octanol, 2,7-decadien-1-o1, 3-octen-l-01, 7-decen-l-ol, and l-decanol were the dominent compounds found in neutral fraction. But the basic, phenolic, and acidic fractions differs from ascidian steam distillates flavor.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.221-225
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• 2003

The tadpole larva of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi has two sensory pigment cells in its brain vesicle. To elucidate the temporal requirement for FGF signaling in formation of the pigment cells, embryos were treated with an FGF receptor 1 inhibitor, SU5402, or an MEK inhibitor, U0126 during various embryonic stages. In the present study, it is shown that the embryos treated with SU5402 from the 16-cell stage to the early gastrula stage do not form pigment cells, whereas those treated after the early gastrula stage form pigment cells. In pigment cell formation, embryos suddenly exhibited the sensitivity to SU5402 only for 1 h at the neural plate stage(-4 h after the beginning of gastrulation). When U0126 treatment was carried out at various stages between the 8-cell and late neurula stages, the embryos scarcely formed pigment cells. Pigment cell formation occurred when the embryos were placed in U0126 at early tail bud stage. These results indicate that FGF signaling is involved in pigment cell formation at two separate processes during ascidian embryogenesis, whereas more prolonged period is required for MEK signaling.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1978

Changes of free amino acids, nucleotides and their related compounds as taste compounds during sun drying of ascidian Cynthia roretzi, were analyzed by amino acid autoanalyzer and high speed liquid chromatography. In fresh ascidian, the results showed that 5'-UMP $(12.1\;{\mu}mole/g)$ was dominant and the content of cytosine, 2', 3'-CMP, 2', 3'-GMP, hypoxanhtine, 5'-AMP,5'-IMP were 5.8, 3.4, 3.1, 2,3, 1.7 and $1.3\;{\mu}mole/g$ ondry base respectively. 5'-IMP, 2', 3'-CMP and 2', 3'-GMP tended to degrade slowly and 5'-AMP, cytosine and 5'-UMP were decreased rapidly while hypoxanthine were increased remarkably during the sun drying. In dried ascidian, the content of hypoxanthine was the highest, 7.2 mole/g on dry base, whereas that of 5'-AMP $(0.5\;{\mu}mole/g)$) and 5'-IMP $(0.9\;{\mu}mole/g)$ were lower. Glutamic acid, alanine and serine were dominant amino acid in the fresh extracts, having 22.4% (611.3mg%, on dry qase), 19.8% (540.5mg%) and 14.8% (402.8mg%) of the total amino acid content respectively. The content of tyrosine, histidine, lysine, methionine, isoleucine and valine were low, and proline, phenylalanine were detected in trace amount. The free amino acid were not changed in composition but the increase of total free amino acid was approximately 116.8mg% during sun drying. In sun dried ascidian, glutamic acid (691.0mg, on dry base), alanine (641.3mg%), serine (469.5mg%), threonine (234.8mg%) and glycine (206.3mg%) were dominant amino acid. It is believed that glutamic acid, serine, alanine, threonine, glycine and hypoxanthine play an important role as taste compounds in sun dried ascidian.