• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.305-311
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• 1993

A total of thirty male Holstein calves were reared outdoors with simple housings or in warmed pens in three experiments conducted in three consecutive midwinters in Hokkaido. Average outdoor air temperatures during the experiments were between -5.3 and $-6.1^{\circ}C$, and average minimum air temperatures were between -9.7 and $-10.6^{\circ}C$. The age of calves at the start of the experiments were $16{\pm}6$ hours. There was no difference in the liquid feed intake, while the solid concentrate (artificial milk) intake by the calves in the simple housing systems (outdoors, calf hutch and open shed) tended to be higher than those in the warmed pen. No significant differences in the daily gain or the monthly development of wither height were observed among housing systems. There were no serious cases of diarrhea. However, coughing was observed in several of the calves reared in the poorly ventilated warmed pens.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.252-254
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• 2003

In this study, it was purposed to develop the new method for the prediction of pollutant concentration in road tunnels. The new method was the use of artificial neural network with the back-propagation algorithm which can model the non-linear system of tunnel environment. This network system was separated into two parts as the visibility and the CO concentration. For this study, data was collected from two highway road tunnels on Yeongdong Expressway. The tunnels have two lanes with one-way direction and adopt the longitudinal ventilation system. The actually measured data from the tunnels was used to develop the neural network system for the prediction of pollutant concentration. The output results from the newly developed neural network system were analysed and compared with the calculated values by PIARC method. Results showed that the prediction accuracy by the neural network system was approximately five times better than the one by PIARC method. ill addition, the system predicted much more accurately at the situation where the drivers have to be stayed for a while in tunnels caused by the low velocity of vehicles.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.28-30
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• 2005

Bilateral brachial neuritis is clinically uncommon and accidentally involvement of bilateral phrenic nerves is rarely reported. We experienced a 26 year old man who developed subacute onset of asymmetric bilateral shoulder and arm weakness. The weakness slowly aggravated and finally suffered from dyspnea due to bilateral phrenic nerve palsy. Cervical spine MRI and CSF study showed no abnormality. Viral markers and other serological test showed no specific finding. Electromyographic study showed bilateral brachial axonal polyneuropathy with cervical and upper thoracic polyradiculopathy. And bilateral phrenic nerve conduction study showed no resopnse. He showed no improvement for 10 months after treatment and managed with continuous artificial ventilation. We report a case of idiopathic bilateral brachial neuritis accidentally involving bilateral phrenic nerves.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

In modern architecture, the air-tight construction aimed at saving the energy rather causes ventilation problems and the artificial materials for cost reduction worsen the residential quality. To deal with such negative effect, the study on evaluating the health performance becomes increasingly critical. Among the various factors such as design quality, selected material, construction method and mechanical system that shall be subject to evaluation to identify the health performance of the building, the study was aimed at investigating the legal standards associated with healthy building in various countries. Such evaluation items will provide inputs for an attempt to build legal criteria for a building health performance rating system in Korea.

• Architectural research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2017

Recently, as a new perspective to view the architecture in relation to global environmental problems, interest in environmental architecture that conforms to the surrounding environment and nature with nature has been expanded as a part of the natural ecosystem, rather than seeing the building as an independent entity. Traditional Korean architecture creates a comfortable indoor environment by appropriately using the natural energy around, ranging from the arrangement of the building and the space composition to the use of detailed materials and to harmonize the artificial architectural environment without harming the natural ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to propose a method to apply the environmental control techniques of traditional buildings to modern buildings. As a research method, the characteristics of Korean traditional buildings according to the climatic characteristics of Korea were recognized through existing literature data and when applied to methods of traditional buildings, ventilation systems, control through eaves, and humidity control using Hanji the effect of energy load control on traditional buildings was analyzed and identified through existing literature. After analyzing the problems of modern architecture, we analyzed the effect of the environmental control system of traditional architecture on modern architecture. Simulation results show that the application of the environmental control system of traditional buildings to modern buildings reduces the cooling and heating load of modern buildings and has an effect on humidity control. This study suggests that quantitative energy saving will be possible if the environmental control techniques of traditional buildings are appropriately applied to modern buildings.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to apply a deep learning model that can distinguish lung perfusion and lung ventilation images in nuclear medicine, and to evaluate the image classification ability. Image data pre-processing was performed in the following order: image matrix size adjustment, min-max normalization, image center position adjustment, train/validation/test data set classification, and data augmentation. The convolutional neural network(CNN) structures of VGG-16, ResNet-18, Inception-ResNet-v2, and SE-ResNeXt-101 were used. For classification model evaluation, performance evaluation index of classification model, class activation map(CAM), and statistical image evaluation method were applied. As for the performance evaluation index of the classification model, SE-ResNeXt-101 and Inception-ResNet-v2 showed the highest performance with the same results. As a result of CAM, cardiac and right lung regions were highly activated in lung perfusion, and upper lung and neck regions were highly activated in lung ventilation. Statistical image evaluation showed a meaningful difference between SE-ResNeXt-101 and Inception-ResNet-v2. As a result of the study, the applicability of the CNN model for lung scintigraphy classification was confirmed. In the future, it is expected that it will be used as basic data for research on new artificial intelligence models and will help stable image management in clinical practice.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권11호
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• pp.1194-1201
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• 2006

목 적 : 혼수 환자는 원인에 상관없이 혼수 상태가 오래 지속되었을 경우 회복불능의 상태로 될 수 있기 때문에 원인을 신속하게 발견하여 치료하는 것이 중요하다. 그 중 MRI 검사는 혼수 환자의 원인을 감별하는데 중요하나 자발호흡이 없는 환자에게 MRI 검사 시 여러 가지 제한점으로 인해 그 시행이 어려웠다. 저자들은 변형된 수동식 인공호흡기를 이용하여 일정 거리에서 환자에게 전달되는 환기량을 유지하면서 MRI 검사가 가능한지 알아보고 안정성을 확인하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방 법 : 특별히 고안한 장치는 self-inflating bag type의 수동식 인공호흡기에 PVC 관을 연결하고 그 끝을 환자의 기도와 연결하여 만든 비교적 간단한 장치이다. 또한 안정성을 확인하기 위하여 기계식 인공호흡기를 이용하여 PVC 연결 관의 길이와 직경 및 일회호흡량(tidal volume)을 변화시켰을 경우 TVe, MVe, PIP를 측정하여 환기에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 결 과 : 15 mm, 25 mm 직경의 2가지 종류의 PVC 연결 관을 이용하여 TVi를 변화시킴과 동시에 관의 길이를 1, 2, 3 m로 증가시킴에 따라 TVe, MVe, PIP 값을 측정하였으며, 그 결과 TVe, MVe 값은 대조군과 비교해 차이가 없었고 PIP 값은 TVi가 증가함에 따라, 관의 길이가 늘어남에 따라 의미 있는 증가를 보였다(P<0.05). 또한 관의 길이, TVi에 관계없이 PIP 값은 PVC 연결 관의 직경과 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 즉 관의 직경이 작을수록, 관의 길이가 길어질수록, 일회호흡량이 증가할수록, 환기량을 유지하기 위한 PIP값은 증가하였다. 5명의 환자들을 대상으로 이러한 방법을 이용하여 MRI 검사를 시행하였으며 성공적으로 검사를 실시하였다. 결 론 : 저자들이 고안한 수동식 인공호흡기를 이용한다면 자발호흡이 불안정하여 MRI 검사를 시행하지 못했던 많은 환자들에게 더 많은 검사의 기회가 주어질 것이며 환자의 질환을 진단하는데 많은 도움을 줄 것이다.

• 의료법학
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.257-279
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• 2016

최근에 환자연명의료결정법이 제정되었고, 2017년 8월 4일부터 효력을 발휘하게 된다. 이 법은 임종 과정 환자를 연명 의료 중단의 대상으로 하고, 말기 환자는 호스피스 완화의료를 받도록 하고 있는 것이 특징이다. 김할머니 사건은 뇌손상으로 지속적 식물상태에 빠진 환자에 대하여 가족이 인공호흡기 제거를 요청한 사건으로, 2009년 대법원이 일정한 요건을 인정하여 인공호흡기 제거를 허용한 사건이다. 김할머니 사건에 대하여 환자연명의료결정법을 적용하였을 때, 과연 대법원과 같은 내용의 결정이 내려 질 수 있는지 가정적 적용을 시도하였다. 환자연명의료결정법은 임종과정 환자 연명의료결정에 환자의 의사내용을 요건으로 하기 때문에, 도리어 인공호흡기 제거가 불가능할 수도 있고, 과잉적 의료개입이 지속될 가능성이 있다. 반대로 말기 환자의 경우는 연명의료중단에 대하여 환자의 자기결정권을 인정하지 않기 때문에 김할머니 사건에서 인공호흡기 제거가 불가능하다고 해석할 가능성도 있다. 현재 법에는 암, 후천성면역결핍증, 만성폐쇄성호흡기 질환, 만성간경화 및 보건복지부령으로 정하는 질환을 말기 환자로 규정하고 있는데, 보건복지부 지침 등을 통하여 김할머니와 같은 지속적 식물상태를 명확하게 제외하다는 해석이 필요하고, 전체적으로는 말기 환자의 사전 연명 의료 의사에 대한 자기 결정권 인정 여부에 대하여 재논의도 필요하다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2012

Background: This study is to evaluate the effect of systemic corticosteroid on the clinical outcomes and the occurrence of complications in mechanical ventilated patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods: We retrospectively assessed the clinical outcomes and complications in patients with severe CAP admitted to ICU between March 1, 2003 and July 28, 2009. Outcomes were measured by hospital mortality after ICU admission, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), ICU, and hospital stay. Complications such as ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter related-blood stream infection (CR-BSI), and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding during ICU stay were assessed. Results: Of the 93 patients, 36 patients received corticosteroids over 7 days while 57 patients did not receive corticosteroids. Age, underlying disease, APACHE II, PSI score, and use of vasopressor were not different between two groups. In-hospital mortality was 30.5% in the steroid group and 36.8% in the non-steroid group (p>0.05). The major complications such as VAP, CR-BSI and UGI bleeding was significantly higher in the steroid group than in the non-steroid group (19.4% vs. 7%, p<0.05). The use of steroids and the duration of ICU stay were significantly associated with the development of major complications during ones ICU stay (p<0.05). Conclusion: Systemic corticosteroid in patients with severe CAP requiring mechanical ventilation may have no beneficial effect on clinical outcomes like duration of ICU stay and in-hospital mortality but may contribute to the development of ICU acquired complications.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2005

본 연구는 온실에서의 제습장치 이용에 관한 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 지하수를 냉매로 하는 열교환기 방식의 제습장치를 제작하여 제습성능을 시험하고, 포그냉방시스템을 설치한 온실에 적용하여 제습이 증발냉각효율의 향상에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 제습기 성능실험 결과 지하수를 냉매로 이용할 경우 포그냉방시스템을 적용한 온실의 제습은 충분히 가능한 것으로 확인되었다. 냉방 온실의 기온을 $32^{\circ}C$로 설정할 때 냉매인 지하수의 온도가 $15^{\circ}C$에서 18, 21, $24^{\circ}C$로 높아지면 제습량은 각각 $17.7\%,\;35.4\%,\;52.8\%$ 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지하수 유량을 $75\%,\;50\%$로 줄이면 제습량은 각각 $12.1\%,\; 30.5\%$ 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때 지하수를 이용한 제습기의 설계에 있어서 이용 가능한 유량과 온도가 중요한 인자임을 알 수 있다. 포그냉방 온실에 제습기를 설치함으로서 뚜렷한 냉방효율 개선을 확인할 수 있었다. 환기율 0.7 회${\cdot}min^{-1}$정도의 자연환기 상태에서 포.1냉방 온실의 환기에 의한 제습율은 53.9%~74.4%였으며, 제습기를 가동할 경우 75.4~95.9까지 높아졌다. 제습기 설계유량과 $18^{\circ}C$의 지하수를 사용할 경우 0.36회 ${\cdot}min^{-1}$ 정도의 환기율에서도 포그시스템 작동으로 인하여 발생하는 분무량을 완전히 제거할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 제습기를 이용하여 자연환기 온실에서의 포그 냉방 효율을 충분히 높힐 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.