• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.455-460
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• 2010

This study was carried out to find out any inherent problems occurring in the sampling and analytical procedures, and to suggest the relevant solutions to the problems. In addition, an optimal condition of clean-up process was developed, which was based on a method using silica glass column. As a result of experiments to test any artificial contamination of blank samples such as glassware and collection media, artifacts of DBP and DEHP appeared to be detected in various kinds of laboratory tools and apparatuses used in the sampling and analytical works. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate a degree of contamination before laboratory works by conducting a prior check any possible contaminations in all experimental tools and apparatus. It is also necessary to devise a method to avoid a tool, if possible, or to use a substitute of phthalate free. If the use of any plastic tool to cause contamination is inevitable, it should be properly corrected with a blank level, as is equally treated as the sample. The clean-up process demonstrated in this study can give us a significant benefit in terms of the quantity and quality of a target compound by GC/MS analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

Currently, urban green space is disappearing due to urbanization, industrialization and various environmental problems including the disruption of the ecology in urban areas. To solve such problems and increase urban green area, roof greening has been suggested as an alternative. Through observing the responses of three plant species (Mukdenia rossii, Dianthus chinensis, and Pachysandra terminalis) plantrd on the soil mixed with Geohumus, this study investigated the effect of Gehumus on soil water content and plant survival. Soil water content of the rooftop soils has been increased when mixed with Geohumus. The responses were proportional to the amount of Geohumus in the mixture. Geohumus exerted a stronger influence on raising soil moisture content for soil A which had lower water-holding capacity. The stress responses of the plants varied in relation to the amount of Geohumus and soil moisture content. The stress response was lowest for Dianthus chinensis and increased in the order of Mukdenia rossii and Pachysandra terminalis. With the highest plant stress, Pachysandra terminalis showed the lowest survival rate among the three species. Without irrigation, the plants survived only for six weeks on green roofs. The survival rate differed depending on the amount of Geohumus mixed. The results of the experiment showed, with some exceptions, that Geohumus helped to improve soil water content, reduce plant stress, and extend plant survival period.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2006

To isolate a bacterium that produces plant growth promoting hormone, a total of 29 bacteria were obtained from the soil in Gyeongsan, Korea. Among these, 14 strains were selected by their positive reaction on Salkowski to produce auxin. All of these were then tested for their property to produce siderophore using CAS (chrome azurol S) blue agar, and one was chosen for its ability to produce both, auxin and siderophore. This strain, denoted, AHl8, showed 1.5 times higher adventitious root induction rates than controls, using mung-beans. The strain also showed efficient biocontrol properties towards Fusarium-wilt of tomatoes in artificial pot assays. The strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis by 16s rDNA comparison and Biolog analyses. Growth and media conditions for Bacillus subtilis AH1 8 to highly produce siderophore were also investigated.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.2-3
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• 2003

A method for rapid propagation of mature Jack fruit was developed. Four types of explants (mature embryos, apical meristems of young seedlings, apices from mature plants and nodal segments) were used. It has been found 88% of young apical meristems produced shoots in Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium compared to 60% in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Only 1/3 of them produced multiple shoots. Shoot initiation from nodal segments was very rare. Mature apices produced callus. Although removal of the sheathing cover around mature buds enhanced the shoot initiation but success rate was low in growth regulator free medium. Embryos respond to the CD medium but not to the MS medium. Embryos from seeds soaked in water for 24 hours produced shoots after 8 weeks of incubation and the success rate was 70% while embryos from dry seeds only produced roots. There was no significant effect of cold storage (refrigeration) for 7 days on shoot initiation from mature embryos (65%) but the ability for shoot induction declines with storage time (55% after 21 days of cold storage). Mature axillary buds were established in Modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium supplemented with 0.5mg/1 and IBA. There was a significant difference in the growth performance of shoots according to the period of the year in which explants were collected. Highest (60%) was observed in November-January period. It was only 30% when the explants were collected in February-April or May-July and decreased to 20% in August-October. The shoots produced in November-January showed a higher vigor than those produced in other months. Since Jak fruit show seasonal changes in fruit bearing and shedding of leaves, it can be suggested that the difference in growth performances of tissues cultured in artificial culture media would have been affected by endogenous rhythms.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.369-373
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• 2004

In order to elucidate the possibility of artificial production of p. ferulae by solid-state culture, the optimization of culture conditions was carried out. When $NH_4H_2PO_4$ and $CaCO_3$ were used in the cultures using test tube with 30 g of Populus sawdust at $25^{\circ}C{\pm}1$ in the dark, the favored mycelial growth was observed with $1\%$ of $NH_4H_2PO_4$ and the production of polysaccharide was 7.85 mg/100 mg of mycelium with $1\%$ of $CaCO_3$. The mixtures of $80\%$ of Populus Sawdust and $20\%$ of rice bran at $60\%$ of water content were determined to be optimal for the production of fruiting bodies in the sawdust culture. When three treatments containing various ratios of garlic powder were conducted, yields of fruiting bodies were drasti[ally higher than those of Synthetic mixture without garlic powder The highest yield (143 g/bag) was obtained with $7\%$ garlic powder. The yield of synthetic mixture containing $7\%$ of garlic powder was $83\%$ higher than that of Sawdust culture. The reason why garlic powder did support growth was not clear but it is possible that garlic powder might contain effective components for the formation of fruiting body. The optimal synthetic mixture composition consisted of cotton seed $77\%$, lime $6.4\%,\;K_2HPO_4\;0.2\%,\;KH_2PO_4\;0.2\%,\;CaHPO_4\;0.2\%$, corn flour $4\%$, wheat flour $5\%$, and garlic pow-der $7\%$.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.69-81
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• 2001

In this paper, we examine work in the evolution of content-based retrieval systems that rely on an intelligent infrastructure. Here, we refer to intelligence as the capabilities of the systems to build and maintain situational or world models, utilize dynamic knowledge representations, exploit context and overage advanced reasoning and learning capabilities. We argue that these elements are essential to producing effective systems for retrieving visual information at semantic levels matching those of human perception and cognition. In this paper, we review relevant research on the understanding of human intelligence and construction of intelligent systems in the fields of cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, semiotics. We also discuss how some of the principal ideas from these fields lead to new opportunities and capabilities for content-based retrieval systems. Finally, we discribe some of our efforts in these directions. In particular, we present MediaNet, a multimedia knowledge presentation framework that facilitate and enable intelligent content-based retrieval.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2018

PURPOSE. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of abrasive toothbrushing on the surface properties of monolithic computer-assisted design and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials stored in food-simulating liquids (FSLs). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Fourty-eight disk-shaped test specimens of each material (Paradigm MZ100/PMZ, Lava Ultimate/LU, Vita Enamic/VE, and Vita Mark II/VMII) with a diameter of 10.0 mm and a thickness of $3.0{\pm}0.05mm$ were prepared. Specimens were divided into 4 subgroups (n=12) and stored in air, distilled water, 0.02 M citric acid, or 75% ethanol/water solution for 7 days at $36.5^{\circ}C$. Then, the specimens were brushed in a multi-station brushing machine under a vertical load of 2.0 N for 3 hours. Surface gloss (GU), roughness (Ra), and hardness (Vickers [VHN]) were measured after storage and brushing simulation. The data sets were statistically analyzed with 2 and 3-way ANOVAs followed by the Tukey's post-hoc comparisons (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. Statistically significant difference was found among the materials concerning the results of surface properties. VMII showed the highest VHN, while PMZ produced the lowest. Storage in FSLs significantly affected the VHN of PMZ and LU. VMII showed the lowest Ra and highest GU irrespective of FSLs and of abrasive toothbrushing. VE, LU, and PMZ produced significant decrease in GU and increase in Ra after toothbrushing. CONCLUSION. Surface properties of monolithic CAD/CAM restorative materials were differently affected by the storage media and abrasive toothbrushing.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.95-105
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• 2008

In virtual games, Non-Playing Character(NPC)s as game elements tend to frequently communicate with game players. Although the artificial-intelligence (AI) algorithm widely used for games has been greatly developed, basic roles of NPCs have remained on the same. In a life game whose goal is to observe the actions and behaviors of the human-like NPCs, for example, their straightahead actions cause boredom. Actually, NPCs fail to display their various expressions that are characterized by humans. To make NPCs act like humans, several characters with a greater variety of characteristics need to be created. this paper proposes how NPCs both express the wide range of emotions using probability distribution and react based on their different characteristics. To verify the change of NPC actions, personalities were assigned according to the probability distribution and this algorithm was applied to a 3D game to validate the method suggested in this paper.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2009

Various plant growth regulators were tested for shoot proliferation of Tripterospermum japonicum, a rare and endangered species. Among the six different media tested, MS medium was the best for the shoot growth. Whereas BA, upto 3 mg/L, significantly increased shoot proliferation rate, it suppressed the rate at higher levels. Neither kinetin nor TDZ was so effective in proliferating shoots as BA. As for rooting, TDZ strongly inhibited it even at very low concentration though spontaneous rooting was frequently observed from the proliferated shoots during culture of lower concentration BA or kinetin. In contrast, shoot elongation was significantly promoted by $GA_3$. More than 90% of the proliferated plantlets could be transplanted via cuttings into pots containing artificial soil mixture where they rooted and resumed normal growth. Most of the plants bloomed to bear fruits in the following year.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 1986

To find antitumor components of Lyophyllum decastes, the mycelia of L. decastes were cultured in artificial media and a new antitumor component which showed potent antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 implanted in mice, was isolated and named 'Lyophyllan A'. Lyophyllan A was composed of a polysaccharide moiety (86%) and a protein moiety (2%). The polysaccharide moiety was found to be a heteroglycan which consisted of glucose (48.1%), mannose (30.8%), galactose, xylose and fucose. The protein moiety contained 18 amino acids. Cultural characteristics of L. decastes were investigated by shake culture method. The best result was obtained when L. decastes was cultured in medium glucose 50g, peptone 10g, corn steep liquor 30ml, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.87g, $MgSO_4$ $7H_2O$ 0.5g, $CaCl_2$ 0.3g, $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 10mg, $MnCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ 7mg, $ZnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 4mg and $CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$ 1mg per one liter at $26^{circ}C$, 180rpm, for 9 days.