• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.297-300
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• 2003

In order to select probiotics with a high survival rate in gut and the growth inhibition of virulent pathogens to human beings or animals, we have screened lactic acid bacteria and yeasts from Jeot-gal to assess resistance against the artificial gastric acid and bile juice. Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts isolated were incubated for 24 h in artificial bile juice after incubation for 2 h in artificial gastric acid. Especially, strain HW 161 and strain NK 181 showed the higher survival for 2 h incubation in artificial gastric acid. All of 3 strains of lactic acid bacteria and 2 strains of yeast were showed higher growth rate than the control in artificial bile. The antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts was also investigated to prove efficacy as probiotic organisms. Lactic acid bacteria were shown the inhibition of Gram positive and negative bacteria, but yeasts narrow inhibition.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.617-622
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• 1997

This studies were carried out to investigate the physiological characteristics of lactic acid bacteria related to kimchi fermentation. 157 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from home-made kimchi of Taegu district. 144 strains of isolated lactic bacteria showed resistance to artifical gastric juice and bile. Among isolated strains, fifteen strains were selected according to the growth characteristics. The selected strains survived for 24 hours in artifical bile after incubation for 3 hours in artificial gastric jucie (pH 2.5). Especially, three strains such as B-10, K-2, and F-3, showed little viable cell change for 3 hrs incubation in artifical gastric juice. The selected strains showed low viability in artificial gastric juice but high in artifical bile. The selected strains also showed significantly antimicrobial activities to pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtili, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The fifteen selected strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sake and Leuconostoc mesenteroides.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.547-550
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• 2005

Fourteen out of 87 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated tram Kimchi were found to be resistant against the action of artificial gastric and bile juices. In particular, lactobacilli KM 3, 7, 28, and 37 showed strong resistance and their viable cell counts at the initial stage remained the same even after 3 hours of cultivation in an artificial gastric juice. However, the survival rates of KM 14, 28, and 64 were found to be significantly enhanced in artificial bile juice. Based on the paper disc method, it was evident that isolated lactic acid bacteria showed antibacterial effect against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Salmonella typhimurium. The isolated lactic acid bacteria were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1992

The applicability of sodium alginate as a carrier of 5-fluorouracil as an oral delivery system was investigated. Hydrophobicity of sodium alginate was controlled by introducing cetyl group to this polymer. The effects of degree of esterification for n-cetyl partial ester on the rate of release of 5-fluorouracil in artificial gastric juice and artificial intestinal juice were examined. The release rete of the drug in the gastric juice was mainly affected by the diffusion of the drug. The release rate of the drug in the intestinal juice could be controlled by the degree of esterification. The alginate matrices may be a valuable addition as the carrier of 5-fluorouracil for an oral delivery system.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 1986

Sterigmatocystin bears a close structural relationship to aflatoxin $B_1$ and is a carcinogenic compound that has been shown to affect various species of experimental animals. Reaction and toxicity of sterigmatocystin in the artificial gastric juice were investigated. Sterigmatocystin was degraded in artificial gastric juice and extracted by the method of A.O.A.C. After cleaned up by silica gel column chromatography, this substance was detected and characterized by thin layer chromatography, UV, IR and mass spectra. It showed $R{\mathcal{f}}$ 0.4 and brick-red color by TLC. Especially, in the mass spectrum of it, fragment peak at m/e 327 was due to the loss of the $-CH_3$ and $-H_2O$, fragment peak at m/e 341 was due to the loss of the $H_2O$ and $-H^+$, and fragment peak at m/e 239 was due to the loss of the 2-chloro-tetrahydrofuran and methyl group from the parent molecule. Therefore, a degraded substance of sterigmatocystin reacted in artificial gastric juice (Sub. K) was estimated with additional formation of hydrochloric acid. In four-day-old chicken embryos, the mean lethal dose $(LD_{50})$ was $140\;{\mu}g/egg$, and 90 to 100% of the embryos were killed with 1 mg/egg. This $LD_{50}$ $140\;{\mu}g/egg$ compared with an $LD_{50}$ $14.69\;{\mu}g/egg$ for sterigmatocystin (acute toxicity) showed the substance to be much less toxic than sterigmatocystin.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.263-266
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• 2005

전남 목포시의 각 가정에서 담근 물김치에서 총 24균주의 유산균을 분리하였다. 이들 분리 유산균 중 5균주가 인공 위액에서 내성을 나타내었다. 이들 유산균은 Lactobacillus plantarum으로 동정하였고, 특히 물김치로부터 동정된 유산균 MUL-2, MUL-4, MUL-18은 인공위액에서 3시간 배양 후에도 초기 생균수에 비해 변화가 거의 없어 가장 강한 내성을 나타내었다. 이들 분리 유산균은 병원성 미생물인 Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphyrococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Samonella typhimurium에 대해 뚜렷한 항미생물활성을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2005

젓갈은 전남 목포지역의 대형마트 및 가정에서 수집하였으며 오징어젓, 갈치속젓, 꼴뚜기젓, 멸치젓 등 10여종의 젓갈로부터 균을 분리하였다. 이들 분리 유산균 중 3균주가 인공위액과 인공담즙액에서 내성을 나타내었다. 이들 분리된 균주 중 생존력이 왕성한 3균주는 모두 인공위액에서 2시간, 인공담즙액에서 24시간 생존 가능하였다. 특히 유산균 ML 36, ML 128, ML 178 외 2종의 효모는 초기 생균수와 인공위액에서 2시간 배양 후 생균수의 변화가 거의 없어 가장 강한 내성을 나타내었다. 인공위액에서 분리된 균주의 생존율은 낮은 pH로 인하여 낮은 경향을 나타내었으나, 인공담즙액에 대해서는 높은 생존율을 나타내었다. 인공위액 및 인공담즙에 내성을 나타낸 3종의 유산균이 항생물질인 nicin, rifamycin, streptomycin, 그리고 tetracycline에 대하여 내성을 나타내었다. 또한 이들 분리 유산균은 병원성 미생물인 Listeria monocytogenes 대해 뚜렷한 항균 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.233-243
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• 1994

Precipitation was formed during the preparation of decoction from a mixture of Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma or Phellodendri Cortex according to the prescription of Hwang-ryean-hae-dog-tang. Baicalin and berberine were identified in coprecipitated product and these components were the active ingredients of two herbal medicine. The coprecipitated product was very slightly soluble in water and sparingly soluble in ethanol. The stoichiometric ratio of baicalin and berberine was found to be 1:1. The lipid-water partition coefficients of coprecipitated product were increased more than baicalin and berberine in chloroform, but were decreased in other organic solvents. The content of baicalin and berberine in coprecipitated product, determined by HPLC, were 23.08% and 26.75%, but the content of active ingredients in supernatant were 0.66% and 0.26%, respectively. The dissolution profile of baicalin of coprecipitated product was increased more than extract of Scutellariae Radix in artificial gastric juice, but was decreased in artificial intestinal juice. The dissolution rate of berberine of coprecipitated product was lower than extract of Coptidis Rhizoma in artificial gastric juice and intestinal juice commonly.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 1999

The medical mineral menas a single mineral or a complex of minerals. It is natural material. using the medical action of he major or the minor elements, and traditional medicine stuff which has been used since long time ago. Jusa, cinnabar as the mineral name, is the product of the hydrothermal process. It is used to relax the body and cure high blood pressure, apoplexy and cardiopathy. Jusais the major component of "An shin hwan" and "Woo hwang chung shim hwan" nowadays because it has such an excellent calm effect. In addition, it is used to cure cancers such as esophageal cancer and gastric cancer. Jusa composed of mercuric sulfide causes mercury poisoning such as Minamata disease. It is dealt with mineralogical property and chemical composition medical stuff in Korea and China, as well asmercury poisoning and medical action of Jusa in this study. In order to predct accumulation of the interior of the body of the major and minor elements in Jusa, leaching experiment of Jusa by artificial gastric juice was done as well as thermodynamic reaction modelling to know concentration of each species of body fluid. The minor elements of 24 species such as As, Pb, Cd, a and Fe by leaching reaction of Jusa and artificial gastric juice were leached. We can know the fact that as is less than 1 ppm, Hg is less than 25 ppm and Cd and m are not detected. In addition, mercury exists as species of Hg2+, HgCl+, HgCl2, HgCl3-, HgCl42-, HgClOH, HgS(H2S)2, Hg(HS)3-, HgS22-, HgOH and Hg(OH)2 by reaction modelling between Jusa and artificial gastric juice. The concentration of sulfide complexes is 24.2 ppm and that of others is less than 10 ppm. According to increasing pH, the concentration of HgS(H2S)2, Hg(HS)3+, HgS22- and Hg(OH)2 increases, whereas the concentration of HgCl+, HgCl2, HgCl3- and HgCl42- decreases. Therefore, Jusa is very useful for the development of new medicine because it is possible to predict formation of the body species and species accumulation on mercury known as a toxic element and concentration changes of toxicity and efficiency.city and efficiency.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2006

During lactic acid bacteria (LAB) transit through the gastrointestinal tract, ingested microorganisms were exposed to successive stress factors, including low pH in the human stomach and in bile acid. These stress factors can be used as criteria for the selection of a viable probiotic strain. Four such strains (Lactobacillus helveticus SGU 0011, Lactobacillus pentosus SGU 0010, Streptococcus thermophilus SGU 0021 and Lactobacillus casei SGU 0020) were isolated from raw milk. When the identified LAB were exposed to synthetic gastric juice, whereas L. casei SGU 0020 and S. thermophilus SGU 0021 exhibited a 0% survival rate, L. helveticus SGU 0011 and L. pentosus SGU 0010 exhibited 60% and 95% survival rates. L. casei SGU 0020 and S. thermophilus SGU 0021 could not be examined with regard to their tolerances to artificial bile juice, as they uniformly died upon exposure. However, L. helveticus SGU 0011 and L. pentosus SGU 0010 individually survived at rates of 39% and 93%. Also, all four of these strains were confirmed to be tolerant of ten different antibiotics.