• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.447-457
• /
• 2018

In this study, a two-dimensional fully nonlinear transient wave numerical tank was developed using a desingularized indirect boundary integral equation method. The desingularized indirect boundary integral equation method is simpler and faster than the conventional boundary element method because special treatment is not required to compute the boundary integral. Numerical simulations were carried out in the time domain using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. A mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian approach was adapted to reconstruct the free surface at each time step. A numerical damping zone was used to minimize the reflective wave in the downstream region. The interpolating method of a Gaussian radial basis function-type artificial neural network was used to calculate the gradient of the free surface elevation without element connectivity. The desingularized indirect boundary integral equation using an isolated point source and radial basis function has no need for information about the element connectivity and is a meshless method that is numerically more flexible. In order to validate the accuracy of the numerical wave tank based on the desingularized indirect boundary integral equation method and meshless technique, several numerical simulations were carried out. First, a comparison with numerical results according to the type of desingularized source was carried out and confirmed that continuous line sources can be replaced by simply isolated sources. In addition, a propagation simulation of a $2^{nd}$-order Stokes wave was carried out and compared with an analytical solution. Finally, simulations of propagating waves in shallow water and propagating waves over a submerged bar were also carried and compared with published data.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.45-45
• /
• 2019

This experiment was carried out using artificial clay and LED in the plastic film house (irradiation time: 08:00~18:00/day). Seedlings (n = 63 per $3.3m^2$) of ginseng was planted on May 17, 2018. LED was combined with red and blue light in a 3:1 ratio and irradiated with different light intensity. The average air temperature from April to September was $12.3^{\circ}C$ $-26.0^{\circ}C$ and it was the the highest at $26.0^{\circ}C$ in August. The test area where fluorescent lamp was irradiated tended to be somewhat higher than the LED irradiation area. The chemical properties of the test soil are as follows. pH levels was 5.3~5.5, EC levels 0.45~0.52 dS/m and OM levels 33~37%. The total nitrogen content was 0.35~0.47% and the available $P_2O_5$ contents was 13.7~16.0 mg/kg, which was lower than the suitable level of 70~200 mg/kg. Exchangeable cations K and Mg contents were within acceptable ranges, but the Ca contents was $28{\sim}38cmol^+/kg$ levels higher than the permissible level ($2{\sim}6cmol^+/kg$). Germination of ginseng leaves took 8~9 days and the overall germination rate was 70~75%. The photometric characteristics of LED light intensity are as follows. The greater the light intensity, the higher the PAR (Photosynthetic Action Radiation) value, illuminance and solar irradiation. Photosynthetic rate was also increased with higher light intensity was investigated at $1.7{\sim}3.2{\mu}mol\;CO_2/m^2/s$. Leaf temperature ($23.7{\sim}24.8^{\circ}C$) by light intensity was the same trend. The growth of aerial parts (plant height etc.) were generally excellent when irradiated with 3 times the light intensity, the growth of the ginseng aerial parts were excellent as follows. The plant height was 42.6 cm, stem length was 25.2 cm, leaf length was 9.6 cm and stem diameter was 5.0 mm. The growth of underground part (root length etc.) was the same, and the root length was 24.4 cm, the tap root length was 6.0 cm, diameter of taproot was 18.2 mm and the fresh root weight was 17.2 g. There were no disease incidence such as Alternaria blight, Gray mold and Anthracnose. Disease of Damping off occurred 2.2~3.6% and incidence ratio of rusty root ginseng was 14.6~20.7%. Leaf discoloration rate was 13.7~48.9% and increased with increasing light intensity. Ginsenoside content of ginseng by light intensity is under analysis.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제65권1호
• /
• pp.244-257
• /
• 2023

The study aimed to investigate the effect of low-frequency oscillations on the cow udder, milk parameters, and animal welfare during the automated milking process. The study's objective was to investigate the impact of low-frequency oscillations on the udder and teats' blood circulation by creating a mathematical model of mammary glands, using milkers and vibrators to analyze the theoretical dynamics of oscillations. The mechanical vibration device developed and tested in the study was mounted on a DeLaval automatic milking machine, which excited the udder with low-frequency oscillations, allowing the analysis of input parameters (temperature, oscillation amplitude) and using feedback data, changing the device parameters such as vibration frequency and duration. The experimental study was performed using an artificial cow's udder model with and without milk and a DeLaval milking machine, exciting the model with low-frequency harmonic oscillations (frequency range 15-60 Hz, vibration amplitude 2-5 mm). The investigation in vitro applying low-frequency of the vibration system's first-order frequencies in lateral (X) direction showed the low-frequency values of 23.5-26.5 Hz (effective frequency of the simulation analysis was 25.0 Hz). The tested values of the first-order frequency of the vibration system in the vertical (Y) direction were 37.5-41.5 Hz (effective frequency of the simulation analysis was 41.0 Hz), with higher amplitude and lower vibration damping. During in vivo experiments, while milking, the vibrator was inducing mechanical milking-similar vibrations in the udder. The vibrations were spreading to the entire udder and caused physiotherapeutic effects such as activated physiological processes and increased udder base temperature by 0.57℃ (p < 0.001), thus increasing blood flow in the udder. Used low-frequency vibrations did not significantly affect milk yield, milk composition, milk quality indicators, and animal welfare. The investigation results showed that applying low-frequency vibration on a cow udder during automatic milking is a non-invasive, efficient method to stimulate blood circulation in the udder and improve teat and udder health without changing milk quality and production. Further studies will be carried out in the following research phase on clinical and subclinical mastitis cows.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제62권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2017

벼 직파재배에서 새 피해, 발아 및 입모불량 그리고 도복피해 등 기술보급저해요인을 해소하기 위하여 개발된 규산 코팅볍씨의 이앙용 상자육묘에서 건묘육성과 벼키다리병 발병 경감을 구명하기 위하여 호기조건인 상자육묘조건과 혐기조건인 Pot이앙조건으로 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 코팅볍씨에서 묘의 출현은 무코팅볍씨에서 보다 2-3일 빨랐고 입고병과 벼키다리병 발생이 현저히 경감되었다. 2. 파종후 45일 생체중은 건전묘에서 11%, 이병묘에서 2.01배로 규산코팅볍씨의 건묘 육성효과가 뚜렷하였다. 3. 육묘 중 파종후 80일까지 벼키다리병 발생은 무코팅볍씨 91.6%에 비하여 7.8%로 현저하게 경감되었다. 4. 최대발병률을 보인 파종 후 45일에 이앙된 코팅볍씨에서 무코팅볍씨에 비하여 건전묘의 추가발병이 거의 없었고 이병묘의 정상생육 회복도 가능하였다. 5. 코팅볍씨에서 육묘된 토양과 식물체의 뿌리와 엽초기부조직에서 활동성 소형포자와 대형포자의 분포가 무코팅에서보다 현저하게 줄었다. 특히 코팅볍씨의 육묘토양과 이병묘/건전묘에서는 무코팅볍씨에서 나타난 전형적인 대형포자(3-7개의 격막과 양끝이 낫처럼 굽은)와는 다른 격막이 없고 두터운 세포벽을 갖는 장방형 미성숙 대형포자 출현이 발병 경감원인으로 주목되었다. 6. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 코팅볍씨의 육묘 중 벼키다리병 발병경감과 이앙 후 이병묘의 정상생육 회복 그리고 건전묘의 이병화경감은 강알칼리성 수용성 규산과 다공성 지오라이트 그리고 종피 잠복 병원균 간의 물리화학적 특성과 건전묘의 균에 대한 저항성에 기인되었을 것으로 판단되었다.