• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2024

Coarticulation is affected by the continuous movement of the articulator within a limited time and space through the neighboring segments and various overlaps. This study investigated the differences in coarticulation characteristics of children with reading disabilities and nondisabled children in CVC and VCV syllables consisted of stops, affricates, and vowels (a, i, u). The subjects were 13 children with reading disabilities and nondisabled children in the 2nd to 6th grades in elementary school. Two second formants were measured. One was measured at the point where the vowel began, and the other was measured at the mid point of the vowel stable section. Regression analysis was performed with F2 onset and F2 of the following vowel to obtain the locus equation (LE). 3-way ANOVA was conducted to the slope of the LE according to the groups (reading disabilities vs. nondisabled), places of articulation, and phonation types. In CVC syllable, dyslexic children showed a flatter slope than nondisabled children. With respect to the places of articulation, velar or bilabial sounds showed steeper LE slope than alveolar or palatal sounds. There were no main effects regarding group and phonation types variable for VCV syllable, and the significant differences in the places of articulation were also differed from the results for the CVC syllables. This study confirmed that dyslexic children showed a different pattern of coarticulation slope depending on the syllable structure. We also found that the higher pause rate of the dyslexic children had a stronger effect on the coarticulation in VCV structures.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2006

There exist patients complaining speech problem due to dysesthesia or anesthesia following dental surgical procedure accompanied by local anesthesia in clinical setting. However, it is not clear whether sensory problems in orofacial region may have an influence on motor speech abilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether transitory sensory impairment of mandibular nerve by local anesthesia may influence on the motor speech abilities and thus to evaluate possibility of distorted motor speech abilities due to dysesthesia of mandibular nerve. The subjects in this study consisted of 7 men and 3 women, whose right inferior alveolar nerve, lingual nerve and long buccal nerve was anesthetized by 1.8 mL lidocaine containing 1:100,000 epinephrine. All the subjects were instructed to self estimate degree of anesthesia on the affected region and speech discomfort with VAS before anesthesia, 30 seconds, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes after anesthesia. In order to evaluate speech problems objectively, the words and sentences suggested to be read for testing speech speed, diadochokinetic rate, intonation, tremor and articulation were recorded according to the time and evaluated using a Computerized Speech $Lab^{(R)}$. Articulation was evaluated by a speech language clinician. The results of this study indicated that subjective discomfort of speech and depth of anesthesia was increased with time until 60 minutes after anesthesia and then decreased. Degree of subjective speech discomfort was correlated with depth of anesthesia self estimated by each subject. On the while, there was no significant difference in objective assessment item including speech speed, diadochokinetic rate, intonation and tremor. There was no change in articulation related with anesthesia. Based on the results of this study, it is not thought that sensory impairment of unilateral mandibular nerve deteriorates motor speech abilities in spite of individual's complaint of speech discomfort.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.164-169
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• 2003

Background and Objectives: The reconstruction is very important in Head and neck cancer surgery to repair the defect created by resection of tumors, to enable successful wound healing, to restore function and to provide acceptable cosmesis. The radial forearm free flap has been the most useful reconstructive flap because it provides a moderate amount of thin, pliable, relatively hairless skin and comparatively simple to do with minimal morbidity. The aims of this study is to estimate the outcome of the reconstruction with radial forearm free flap with the several factors in 140 head and neck cancer cases in our hospital for last 10 years. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of the records of 140 patients underwent resection of the head and neck tumors and reconstruction with a radial forearm free flap from 1993 to 2003. The age, sex of the patients, Primary site, the complication of donor and recipient site, flap survival rate, median time to start diet, patient subjective symtoms about swallowing and articulating and the fact of revision reconstructive surgery were analyzed. Results: In primary pathologic site, 56 cases were oral cavity cancers, 44 cases, oropharyngeal cancers and 22 cases, hypopharyngeal cancers. Flap survival rate was 93.6% (13 leases). On donor site, wound dehiscence, hematoma, sensory change and infection were noted and on recipient site, most common complication were fistula and wound dehiscence. The complication rate of recipient's site was 19.1 % and donor site, 3.5%. In 118 cases (84.3%), the patients could take all kinds of food. Swallowing difficulty were noted in 22 cases 05.7%). In 5 cases, there was articulation difficulty but most of patients except patients having total laryngectomy (18 cases) couldn't have any difficulty in articulation and speaking. Conclusion: We conclude that the radial forearm free flap is the most appropriate reconstructive material for treating the defect in head and neck reconstruction.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.45-51
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• 2023

Voice issues such as voice weakness that arise with age can have social and emotional impacts, potentially leading to feelings of isolation and depression. This study aimed to investigate the changes in acoustic characteristics resulting from aging, focusing on voice quality and spoken fluency. To this end, tasks involving sustained vowel phonation and paragraph reading were recorded for 20 elderly and 20 young participants. Voice-quality-related variables, including F0, jitter, shimmer, and Cepstral Peak Prominence (CPP) values, were analyzed along with speech-fluency-related variables, such as average syllable duration (ASD), articulation rate (AR), and speech rate (SR). The results showed that in voice quality-related measurements, F0 was higher for the elderly and voice quality was diminished, as indicated by increased jitter, shimmer, and lower CPP levels. Speech fluency analysis also demonstrated that the elderly spoke more slowly, as indicated by all ASD, AR, and SR measurements. Correlation analysis between voice quality and speech fluency showed a significant relationship between shimmer and CPP values and between ASD and SR values. This suggests that changes in spoken fluency can be identified early by measuring the variations in voice quality. This study further highlights the reciprocal relationship between voice quality and spoken fluency, emphasizing that deterioration in one can affect the other.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.21-28
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• 2004

This study was carried out to understand the characteristics of stairs in Palladio's villa. The subject of study are selected the twenty two villas with drawing in his book ‘The four books of Architecture’. Their cases are represented the characteristics of stair in architectural composition. Accordingly, it was analyzed and classified the architectural characteristics into space, form and plan at a villa. In conclusion, in aspect of spacial plan, staircases of Palladio's villa was presented more open and light in comparison with darked space of the medieval age. And it was intended to the connection or division between spaces of different character In an aspect of formal plan, dynamic form of stairs was divided into the two types. First, it was represented the effect of articulation in form. Second, stairs were represented the diagonal with the shape of itself. In an aspect of plan, his idea is coexisted with traditional thought and rational idea through the arrangement of symmetry md asymmetry. But at any rate, his concern was sought for the reasonable position. Also, he had represented the various characteristics in stairs such as his works in Renaissance period.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.513-524
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• 2006

The ammunition allocation problem is a Multi-objective optimization(MOO) problem, maximizing fill-rate of multiple user troops and minimizing transportation time. Recent studies attempted to solve this problem by the prior preference articulation approach such as goal programming. They require that all the preference information of decision makers(DM) should be extracted prior to solving the problem. However, the prior preference information is difficult to implement properly in a rapidly changing state of war. Moreover they have some limitations such as heavy cognitive effort required to DM. This paper proposes a new ammunition allocation model based on more reasonable assumptions and uses an interactive MOO method to the ammunition allocation problem to overcome the limitations mentioned above. In particular, this article uses the GDF procedure, one of the well-known interactive optimization methods in the MOO liter-ature, in solving the ammunition allocation problem.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.221-232
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• 2007

Topiramate (TPM) is a new antiepileptic drug characterized by a clinical effective reduction in seizure frequency and it represents a useful drug effective in a wide range of epileptic patients. Known side effects are represented by weight loss, hypohidrosis, anorexia, sedation, nephrolithiasis, cognitive complaints and language disorders. This study is to examine acoustic characteristics of patients with TPM. 15 patients were assessed through a Computerized Speech Lab (CSL) applied before the beginning of therapy with TPM and 3 months after medication had been stabilized. Tests had been chosen to assess voice onset time (VOT), total duration (TD), vowel formants, loudness, pitch, speaking rate, and articulation patterns. We compared the data from patients and healthy volunteers. The statistical analysis of the results did not show changes in acoustic tests, except for TD which was increased. The increase of the TD is evaluated as a deterioration of fluency. Our results suggest that patients with TPM did not experience acoustic speech changes except that fluency was declined. Unlike previous studies, the medication of TPM has nothing to do with speech problems in patients with epilepsy.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.568-577
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• 2016

Objective: To report the case of a patient suffering from Broca’s aphasia after cerebral infarction, which was improved by Korean medical treatments, especially five-element acupuncture.Methods: To relievesymptoms, Korean medicine treatments such as acupuncture, moxibustion, and herb medication were performed. To evaluate the effect of the treatments, articulation accuracy, vowel accuracy, and the sequential motion rate of articulator were checked.Result: After treatments for 28 days, the symptoms were improved.Conclusion: This report suggests that five-element acupuncture can be effectively used for patients with Broca’s aphasia after cerebral infarction.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2016

The purpose of this work is to examine the voice onset times(VOTs) of the voiceless and voiced stops from the ten young male speakers of the Buckeye corpus[9]. The factors that are known to affect VOTs were also extracted, including the place of articulation, height of following vowels, location within word, presence of a preceding [s], status of the target word with respect to the content versus function word, presence of a syllabic stress, word frequency and speech rate. Findings from this work mostly agreed with those from earlier studies on English, but with some exceptions and new discoveries. We hope that this work can contribute to figuring out the nature and properties of the spontaneous speech of English.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.19-35
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• 2000

Speech evaluation and treatment planning for the patients with articulation disorders have traditionally been based on perceptual judgement by speech pathologists. Recently, various computerized speech analysis systems have been developed and commonly used in clinical settings to obtain the objective and quantitative data and specific treatment strategies. 10 dysarthric children (6 neurogenic and 4 functional dysarthria) participated in this experiment. Speech evaluation of dysarthria was performed in two ways; first, the acoustic analysis by Visi-Pitch and a Computerized Speech Lab and second, the perceptual scoring of phonetic errors rates in 100 word test. The results of the initial evaluation served as primary guidlines for the indivisualized treatment planning of each patient's speech problems. After mean treatment period of 5 months, the follow-up data of both dysarthric groups showed increased maximum phonation time, increased alternative motion rate and decreased occurrence of articulatory deviation. The changes of acoustic data and therapeutic effects were more prominent in children with dysarthria due to neurologic causes than with functional dysarthria. Three cases including their pre- and post treatment data were illustrated in detail.