• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.265-269
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• 2008

Objective : Outcome of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) in the consecutive 100 cases with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) was analyzed. Methods : Data from initial 100 patients treated with GKS in the authors' institute were reviewed retrospectively. Spetzler-Martin grade at diagnosis were I in 18 patients, II in 27, III in 36, IV in 11, and V in 8. Thirty-five patients had experienced previous bleeding, 27 patients presented with seizure, and 31 patients presented with headache. The mean volume of the lesion was $4.3\;cm^3\;(0.1-29.3\;cm^3)$. The median radiation dose delivered to the margin was 20.0Gy (13-32Gy). Mean follow-up period was 37.5 months (5-63 months). Results : Angiographic follow-up was performed in 48 patients at least 2 years after GKS. Sixteen patients were lost in follow up following 2 years from GKS. Twenty-eight of 48 patients (58%) showed complete obliteration and 20 patients (42%) showed partial obliteration. Seven patients presented with post-GKS hemorrhage. Adverse radiation effect (ARE) was observed at follow-up MRI in 25 of 76 patients, and it was symptomatic in 5 patients. Complete obliteration was confirmed in 24 of 31 (77%) patients with volume less than $4\;cm^3$, meanwhile only 4 of 17 (24%) patients with volume of $4\;cm^3$ or more showed complete obliteration. Complete obliteration rate was 67% with 20Gy or higher marginal dose, 63% with 15-20 Gy, and 17% with less than 15Gy. Conclusion : GKS can provide high rates of obliteration with acceptable risk of morbidity in a subgroup of small AVMs. However, overall outcome in whole spectrum of AVMs, in which large proportion of cases have unfavorable characteristics for radiosurgery, is much worse. More effective therapeutic strategy needs to be developed for large AVMs that are difficult to be managed with current available treatment modalities.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.794-802
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• 2022

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of single-shot whole thoracic time-resolved MR angiography (TR-MRA) to identify the feeding arteries of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) and reperfusion of the lesion after embolization in patients with multiple PAVMs. Materials and Methods: Nine patients (8 females and 1 male; age range, 23-65 years) with a total of 62 PAVMs who underwent percutaneous embolization for multiple PAVMs and were subsequently followed up using TR-MRA and CT obtained within 6 months from each other were retrospectively reviewed. All imaging analyses were performed by two independent readers blinded to clinical information. The visibility of the feeding arteries on maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) TR-MRA images was evaluated by comparing them to CT as a reference. The accuracy of TR-MRA for diagnosing reperfusion of the PAVM after embolization was assessed in a subgroup with angiographic confirmation. The reliability between the readers in interpreting the TR-MRA results was analyzed using kappa (κ) statistics. Results: Feeding arteries were visible on the original MIP images of TR-MRA in 82.3% (51/62) and 85.5% (53/62) of readers 1 and 2, respectively. Using the MPR, the rates increased to 93.5% (58/62) and 95.2% (59/62), respectively (κ = 0.760 and 0.792, respectively). Factors for invisibility were the course of feeding arteries in the anteroposterior plane, proximity to large enhancing vessels, adjacency to the chest wall, pulsation of the heart, and small feeding arteries. Thirty-seven PAVMs in five patients had angiographic confirmation of reperfusion status after embolization (32 occlusions and 5 reperfusions). TR-MRA showed 100% (5/5) sensitivity and 100% (32/32, including three cases in which the feeding arteries were not visible on TR-MRA) specificity for both readers. Conclusion: Single-shot whole thoracic TR-MRA with MPR showed good visibility of the feeding arteries of PAVMs and high accuracy in diagnosing reperfusion after embolization. Single-shot whole thoracic TR-MRA may be a feasible method for the follow-up of patients with multiple PAVMs.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.423-425
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• 1996

Tic convulsif is a syndrome restricted to paroxysmal dysfunction of the fifth and seventh cranial nerves. It occurs predominantly in women over the age of 50 years and is usually associated with an ectatic vertebrobasilar artery - less frequently an arteriovenous malformation or cholesteatoma - which compresses the trigeminal and facial nerve roots in the postetior fossa. In rare instances this syndrome may be caused by brain tumor. Because of the high incidence of posterior fossa lesions in painful tic convulsif, a complete neurological evaluation including computerised transaxial tomography should be performed in every case. We experienced a case of trigeminal neuralgia(mandibular division)and contralateral hemifacial spasm.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.319-322
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• 2011

Purpose: Glomus tumor is a benign neoplasm of the normal glomus body, occurring as painful subcutaneous nodules, frequently located in the subungual area. There are few cases of facial glomus tumor reported and we report a case of glomus tumor developing on the columella of nose. Methods: A 68-year-old female presented with a mass of the columella grown for 2 years. The nodule was 0.6 cm in diameter, red-colored without any symptoms such as pain, tenderness and cold hypersensitivity. The pathologic result after punch biopsy was hemangiopericytoma. Excision with local anesthesia was executed. Results: The postoperative recovery of the patient was uneventful, Histopathological examination indicated a glomus tumor. Immunostaining revealed positivity for vimentin, actin, and negativity for desmin, CD-34. After 8 months follow up, there is neither complication nor evidence of local recurrence on clinical examination. Conclusion: To accomplish an accurate diagnosis of glomus tumor, the histopathological examination is essential together with immunochemical studies. The differential diagnosis include hemangioma, lipoma, epidermal inclusion cyst, dermoid cyst and arteriovenous malformation in this region. We report a case of glomus tumor on the face with uncommon clinical features.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2010

We report here on an uncommon case of metastatic choriocarcinoma to the lung, brain and lumbar spine. A 33-year-old woman was admitted to the pulmonary department with headache, dyspnea and hemoptysis. There was a history of cesarean section due to intrauterine fetal death at 37-weeks gestation and this occurred 2 weeks before admission to the pulmonary department. The radiological studies revealed a nodular lung mass with hypervascularity in the left upper lobe and also a brain parenchymal lesion in the parietal lobe with marginal bleeding and surrounding edema. She underwent embolization for the lung lesion, which was suspected to be an arteriovenous malformation according to the pulmonary arteriogram. Approximately 10 days after discharge from the pulmonary department, she was readmitted due to back pain and progressive paraparesis. The neuroradiological studies revealed a hypervascular tumor occupying the entire L3 vertebral body and pedicle, and the tumor extended to the epidural area. She underwent embolization of the hypervascular lesion of the lumbar spine, and after which injection of polymethylmethacrylate in the L3 vertebral body, total laminectomy of L3, subtotal removal of the epidural mass and screw fixation of L2 and L4 were performed. The result of biopsy was a choriocarcinoma.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 1985

다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 입체경이나 여러 장의 입체상의 촬영 없이도 눈의 적응 훈련만으로 간단히 입체상을 볼 수 있다. 2. 뇌동맥류의 방향과 주위 혈관과의 관계, 뇌동 정맥 기형에서 공급동맥과 유출정맥, 종양과 그 주위 혈관 관계를 정확하게 알 수 있어 수술에 큰 도움을 줄 수 있다. 3. 수술시야의 단면사진에서도 역시 입체상을 볼 수 있어 의학예술이라고 의의를 둘 수 있다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1288-1291
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• 1996

기관 무명동맥루는 매우 드문 질환이지만 일단 발생하면 예후가 아주 불량하며 치명적일 수 있다. 본 인제대학교 상계백병원 흉부외과학 교실에서는 한 명의 환자에서 기관 절개술 후 합병된 기관 협착증에 대한 기관 재건술 후 기관 무명동맥루가 발생하였다. 본 례는 11세의 소녀로 뇌동정맥 기형으로 뇌실외 유출로 조성술 및 4회에 걸친 신경외과적 수술을 받은 환자로서 6개월 전에 기관 절개술을 받았다. 이기관 절개술 후 5개월 후부터 호홉 곤란과 발작성 기침을 호소하여 기관 협착증으로 진단받고 본과로 전과되어 기관 협착 부위의 절제 및 단단 문합으로 기관 재건술을 시행하였다. 기관 재건술 후 3일째 다량의 출혈이 발생하여 기관 무명동맥루로 진단하였고 무명 동맥의 파열 부위의 봉합 및 기관의 재 재건술로 응급수술을 시행하였으나 재 수술후 3일째 재 출혈로 사망하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.326-331
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• 2022

Purpose: The stroke patients have gait dysfunction due to impaired neural tracts; corticospinal tract (CST), corticoreticular pathway (CRP), and vestibulospinal tract (VST). In this study, we investigated characteristics of gait pattern according to the injury aspect of the neural track in a stroke patient. Methods: One patient and six control subjects of similar age participated. A 19-year-old male patient with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage on right basal ganglia, thalamus, corona radiata and cerebral cortex due to arteriovenous malformation rupture. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data was acquired 21 months after the stroke. Kinematic and spatio-temporal parameters of gait were collected using a three-dimensional gait analysis system. Results: On 21 months DTI, the CST and CRP in affected hemisphere showed severe injury, in contrast, the VST in affected hemisphere showed intact integrity. Result of gait analysis, walking distance and speed were significantly decreased in a patient. The stance rate of unaffected lower limb, the swing rate of affected lower limb and the duration of double stance significantly increased compared with normal control. The knee and hip joint angle were significantly decreased in a patient. Conclusion: We found recovered independent gait ability may be associated with unimpaired VST in a patient with severe injury in CST and CRP.

• Hip & pelvis
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2022

A fracture of the affected extremity in patients with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome can be fatal due to massive bleeding and show poor results. A 42-year-old male presented with an old fracture of the right femoral shaft with metal failure. We planned an operation to remove the previously fixed plate and to perform re-fixation using an intra-medullary nail. Preoperative angiography was performed and the arteriovenous malformations were embolized in order to reduce the risk of bleeding. After angiography, the previously fixed plate was removed. After the operation, a second angiography was performed immediately and the venous malformation was embolized. One week after the first operation, a second operation was performed in order to reduce the fracture and to perform re-fixation using an intramedullary nail. The patient is being followed without major complication over a period of seven years after surgery. We recommend careful planning of preoperative and postoperative angiography and embolization in order to reduce the risk of bleeding in patients with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.316-321
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• 2006

목적: 동정맥 혈관기형은 혈역학적 변화를 일으켜 생명에 위험을 줄 수 있으므로, 사지의 선천성 혈관기형 환자에서 동정맥 혈관기형과 비동정맥 혈관기형을 정확히 감별진단 하는 것이 중요하다. 이 연구에서는 혈관조영술과 비교하여 경동맥 폐관류 신티그라피(transarterial lung perfusion scintigraphy, TLPS)가 선천성 혈관기형 중 상하지에 위치하는 동정맥 혈관기형의 진단과 치료 효과 평가에 유용한 지를 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법: 색전술/경화요법 전에 처음 TLPS를 시행 받은 57명(나이: $21{\pm}13$세, 남:여 = 26:31)이 연구대상이 되었다. 병변의 위치는 상지가 9명이었고 하지가 48명이었다. TLPS에서 폐의 시간 방사능 곡선을 이용하여 혈액 단락량을 구하였다. 모든 환자들에서 혈관조영술을 시행하여 혈관기형의 해부학적 및 혈역학적 평가를 하였다. 혈관조영술로 동전맥 혈관기형이 진단된 환자들은 치료 후 TLPS를 추적 시행하였다. 결과: 혈관조영술상 16명은 동정맥 혈관기형(상지 8명, 하지 8명), 나머지 41명은 비동정맥 혈관기형(상지 1명, 하지 40명)으로 진단되었다. 동정맥 혈관기형 환자들의 치료 전 평균 혈액 단락량은 비동정맥혈관기형 환자들에 비하여 유의하게 높았다($66.4{\pm}25.8%\;vs.\;2.8{\pm}4.3%$, p<0.0001). TLPS의 치료 전 상하지 동정맥 혈관기형을 진단하는 예민도와 특이도, 정확도는 각각 93.8% (15/16), 100% (41/41), 98.2% (56/57)이었다(혈액 단락량 기준 역치 = 20%). 동정맥 혈관기형 환자 16명은 추적 TLPS를 시행하였고 이 중 13명은 치료 평가에서 혈관조영술과 일치하는 결과를 보여주었다(81.3%). 색전술/경화요법 시행 후 TLPS 혈액 단락량은 유의하게 감소하였다($69.5{\pm}24.0%\;vs.\;41.0{\pm}34.7%$, p = 0.01). 결론: TLPS는 상하지동정맥 혈관기형에서 혈액 단락량의 반정량적인 정보를 제공해주며 혈관 조영술과 높은 검사결과 일치도를 보여주었다. 그러므로, TLPS는 상하지 동정맥 혈관기형의 진단과 치료 평가에 유용하다.