• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 2004

Arsenic poisoning has three types of poisoning. First, acute arsenic poisoning is usually caused by oral intake of large amount of arsenic compound with purpose of homicide or suicide. Second, chronic arsenic poisoning is caused by inhalation of arsenic in the occupational setting or by long-term oral intake of arsenic-contaminated well water. Third, arsine poisoning occurs acutely when impurities of arsenic in non-ferrous metal react with acid. Clinical manifestation of acute arsenic poisoning is mainly gastrointestinal symptoms and cardiovascular collapse. Those of chronic poisoning are skin disorder and cancer. Arsine poisoning shows massive intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria with acute renal failure. Exposure evaluation is done by analysis of arsenic in urine, blood, hair and nail. Species analysis of arsenic is very important to evaluate inorganic arsenic acid and mono methyl arsenic acid (MMA) separated from dimethyl arsenic acid (DMA) and trimethyl arsenic acid (TMA) which originate from sea weed and sea food. Treatment with dimercaprol (BAL) is effective in acute arsenic poisoning only.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.1 s.88
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• pp.8-18
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to evaluate the emission characteristics of mercury, lead, arsenic, and selenium from medium size municipal solid waste incinerators(MSWIs) in Korea. The concentrations of mercury, lead, arsenic, and selenium emitted from medium size MSWI stack were $2.67\;{\mu}g/Sm^3,\;0.38\;mg/Sm^3,\;1.33\;{\mu}g/Sm^3,\;0.28\;{\mu}g/Sm^3$, respectively. The concentration levels of mercury, lead, arsenic in flue gas from medium size MSW incinerator stacks selected were nearly detected under the Korea criteria level. Removal efficiencies of mercury, lead, arsenic, and selenium in waste heat boiler(WHE) and cooling tower(CT) were $90.36\%,\;69.76\%,\;43.04\%,\;40.64\%$, respectively. In general, the removal efficiencies of mercury and lead in WHE were higher than those of arsenic and selenium in WHE. Emission gas temperature reduction from waste heat boiler(WHB) and cooling tower(CT) can control mercury and lead of medium size MSWIs. To evaluate the relationship between mercury, lead, arsenic, selenium of fly ash and those of flue gas, it was carried out to correlation analysis of each metal concentration in the fly ash and in the flue gas from medium size MSWIs. From the correlation analysis, the coefficients of mercury, lead, arsenic, and selenium were 0.61, -0.38, 0.87, 0.28, respectively. The results of correlation analysis revealed that it should be highly positive to the correlation coefficients of mercury and arsenic in the fly ash and those of the flue gas emitted from medium size MSWIs. As it were, the concentrations of mercury and arsenic of flue gas from medium size MSWIs are high unless mercury and arsenic in fly ash are properly controlled in dust collection step in medium size MSWIs. It was also concluded that mercury, lead, arsenic, and selenium from MSWIs stacks could be controlled by waste heat boiler(WHE) and dust collecting step in medium size MSWIs.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.89-97
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• 2017

In this study, we evaluated effect of particle size on arsenic solid-state speciation and bioaccessibility in soils highly contaminated with arsenic from smelting and mining. Soils were partitioned into six particle size fractions ($2000-500{\mu}m$, $500-250{\mu}m$, $250-150{\mu}m$, $150-75{\mu}m$, $75-38{\mu}m$, <$38{\mu}m$), and arsenic solid-state speciation and bioaccessibility were characterized in each particle size fraction. Arsenic solid-state speciation was characterized via sequential extraction and XRD analysis, and arsenic bioaccessibility was evaluated by SBRC (Solubility Bioaccessibility Research Consortium) method. In smelter site soil, arsenic was mainly present as arsenic bound to amorphous iron oxides. Fine particle size fractions showed higher arsenic concentration, but lower arsenic bioaccessibility. On the other hand, arsenic in mine site soil showed highest concentration in largest particle size fraction ($2000-500{\mu}m$), while higher bioaccessibility was observed in smaller particle size fractions. Arsenic in mine site soil was mainly present as arsenolite ($As_2O_3$) phase, which seemed to affect the distribution of arsenic and arsenic bioaccessibility in different particle size fractions of the mine soil.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.620-626
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• 2014

The main focus of this study was the evaluation of arsenic concentration in the ground water of Lahore at different depth and application of different mitigation techniques for arsenic removal. Twenty four hours of solar oxidation gives 90% of arsenic removal as compared to 8 hr. or 16 hr. Among oxides, calcium oxide gives 96% of As removal as compared to 93% by lanthanum oxide. Arsenic removal efficiency was up to 97% by ferric chloride, whereas 95% by alum. Activated alumina showed 99% removal as compared to 97% and 95% removal with bauxite and charcoal, respectively. Elemental analysis of adsorbents showed that the presence of phosphate and silica can cause a reduction of arsenic removal efficiency by activated alumina, bauxite and charcoal. This study has laid a foundation for further research on arsenic in the city of Lahore and has also provided suitable techniques for arsenic removal.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.189-193
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• 2000

Arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) in disused mine tailing samples have been determined simutaneuously by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (HG-ICP-AES). Total arsenic was determined using 2% $NaBH_4$ and 6 M HCl after prereduction of As(V) to As(III) with) 1M KI. Arsenic (III) was determined selectively using citrate/citric acid buffer with range of pH 5-6, it was determined by HG-ICP-AES. Arsenic (V) can be evaluated by the differences. According to the results, arsenic (V) was over 90% among the total arsenic extracted from disused mine tailing samples.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.279-286
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• 2006

Electrokinetic technique was considered in removing arsenic from the abandoned mining tails. In order to estimate the removal characteristics of arsenic, the sequential extraction analysis and desorption experiment were carried out prior to the application of electrokientic process. The result of sequential extraction analysis indicated that the water soluble and exchangeable fraction, easily leachable to ground water, were very low as much as about 2.5% and the fraction except residual (38.3%), possibly extractable under very acidic or alkalic environment, was about 59%. In the result of desorption test using four different kinds of electrolytes, the mixture of citric acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) showed the highest desorption efficiency as much as 77.3%. The removal efficiencies of arsenic from mining tailings by electrokinetic process under the different electrolyte environments were slightly low and resulted in the following order: citric acid + SDS (18.6%) > 0.1 $NHNO_3$ (8.1%) > HAc (7.4%) > Distilled water(6.6%). Also, arsenic in soil matrix was moved favorably in the direction of anodic rather than cathodic region, which is opposite trend with cationic metal ions generally existing in soil, because anionic form of arsenic is dominated in acidic soil caused by the movement of acid front form anode.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.29-40
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• 2018

Even if a small amount of arsenic (As) is entering to small agricultural reservoir from upper streams, small agricultural reservoir becomes sensitive to changes in arsenic concentration depending on the water level in case of accumulation continuously because of its scale. If we want to manage arsenic concentration in small agricultural reservoir, it is very important to understand arsenic changes in agricultural reservoir. In spite of the fact that modeling is the most accurate method for analyzing arsenic concentration changes in small agricultural reservoirs, but, it is difficult to monitor arsenic change everyday. So, if data is prepared for modeling arsenic changes, water quality modeling is more effective than monitoring. Therefore, in this study, arsenic concentration changes was simulated and arsenic concentration change mechanism in small reservoir was analyzed using hydrological and water quality monitoring data and by conducting EFDC (Environment Fluid Dynamics Code)-WASP (Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program) linkage. EFDC-WASP coupling technique was very useful for modeling arsenic changes because EFDC can consider hydrodynamic and WASP can perform arsenic concentration simulation, separately. As a results of this study, during dry season, As concentration was maintained relatively high arsenic concentrations. Therefore, water level control will be needed for managing As concentration of reservoir.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.103-108
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• 2009

The effect of Arsenic in copper-sulfate solutions during electrorefining of copper was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and cyclic voltammetry analysis. Electrodeposition was carried out using Arsenic, Antimony and bismuth addition to sulfate electrolytes: 45 g/l $Cu^{2+}$ and 170 g/l $H_2SO_4$. Arsenic in sulfate electrolytes changed the morphology and structure of the copper deposits as compared with those obtained from impurity free solutions. When arsenic was present in the sulfate electrolytes, $Cu-3$As intermetallic phase was formed locally on the deposits.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.509-512
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• 2003

Pretreatment method for the determination of total arsenic in seafood sample was studied. NIST SRM 1566a oyster tissue ($14.0{\pm}1.2mg\;As/kg$) as a standard arsenic compound in order to establish the decomposition method. We confirmed that the best way for pretreatment of seafoods to analyze total arsenic content precisely was $HNO_3-H_2SO_4-HCIO_4$ method by comparison of two methods which are dry ashing and wet ashing methods.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.1 s.52
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

Arsenic is a ubiquitous element found in several forms in environment. Although certain foods, such as marine fish, contain substantial levels of organic arsenic forms, they are relatively low in toxicity compared to inorganic forms. In contrast, arsenic in drinking water is predominantly inorganic and very toxic. Chronic ingestion of arsenic-contaminated drinking water is therefore the major pathway posing potential risk to human health. World populations are exposed to low to moderate levels of arsenic of parts per billion (ppb) to thousands of ppb. When exposed to human, it could metabolize into monomethylarsonous acid ($MMA^{III}$) and dimethylarsinous acid ($DMA^{III}$) which are highly toxic. Lots of stuides have been recently focused how $MMA^{III}\;and\;DMA^{III}$ induce toxic insults in various target tissues. Epidemiological studies revealed that chronic arsenic exposure caused cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes etc. In this review, the current understanding of arsenic on health effects will be discussed.