• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1293-1309
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• 2015

3D two adjacent buildings with different heights founded in different kinds of soil connected with viscous dampers groups, with especial arrangement in plane, were investigated. Soil structure interaction for three different kinds of soil (stiff, medium and soft) were modeled as 3D Winkler model to give the realistic behavior of adjacent buildings connected with viscous dampers under various earthquake excitations taking in the account the effect of different kinds of soil beneath the buildings, using SAP2000n to model the whole system. A range of soil properties and soil damping characteristics are chosen which gives broad picture of connected structures system behavior resulted from the influence soil-structure interaction. Its conclusion that the response of connected structures system founded on soft soil are more critical than those founded on stiff soil. The behavior of connected structures is different from those with fixed base bigger by nearly 20%, and the efficiency of viscous dampers connecting the two adjacent buildings is reduced by nearly 25% less than those founded on stiff soil.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.83 no.2
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• pp.153-166
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• 2022

Structural pounding due to strong seismic excitations can result in severe damage or even collapse of colliding structures. Many researchers focused on studying the mutual pounding between two adjacent structures while very few researches were concerned with the pounding of a series of structures. This paper aims to study the pounding effect on a series of four buildings having different natural frequencies. The paper also investigates the effect of different arrangements of the four buildings on their pounding response. For this, a mathematical model was constructed using Matlab code where, pounding was modeled using a contact force-based approach. A Non-Linear viscoelastic (Hertzdamp) contact element was used and activated only during the approach period of collision. The mathematical model was validated by comparing its prediction versus experimental results on three adjacent buildings. Then the model was used to study the pounding between four adjacent structures arranged in different sequences according to their natural frequencies. The results revealed that increasing the gap distance generally led to decrease the peak responses of the towers. Such response is somehow different from that predicted earlier by the authors for the case of three adjacent buildings. Moreover, the arrangement of towers has a significant effect on their pounding response. Significant difference between the natural frequencies of adjacent structures increases the pounding forces especially when the more flexible buildings are located at the outer edge of the series. The study points out the need for further researches on buildings in series to gain a better understanding of such complex phenomena.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.151-164
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• 2017

This article aims to investigate the possible retrofitting of a deficient building with soft story failure mode by connecting it to an adjacent building which is designed based on current code with friction dampers at all floors. Low cost and high performance reliability along with significant energy dissipation pertaining to stable hysteretic loops may be considered in order to choose the proper damper for connecting adjacent buildings. After connecting two neighbouring floors by friction dampers, the sliding forces of dampers at various stories are set in two arrangements: uniform sliding force and then variable sliding force. In order to account for the stochastic nature of the seismic events, incremental dynamic analyses are employed prior and after the installation of the friction dampers at the various floors. Based on these results, fragility curves and mean annual rate of exceedance of serviceability and ultimate limit states are obtained. The results of this study show that the collapse mode of the deficient building can affect the optimum arrangement of sliding forces of friction dampers at Collapse Prevention (CP) performance level. In particular, the Immediate Occupancy (IO) performance level is not tangible to the sliding force arrangement and it depends solely on sliding force value. Generally it can be claimed that this rehabilitation scheme can turn the challenge of pounding two adjacent buildings into the opportunity of dissipating a large amount of the seismic input energy by the friction dampers, thus improving significantly the poor seismic performance of the deficient structure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.3-12
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• 2011

This study investigates interior and exterior environments and arrangement forms of school buildings from elementary to high school which were recently built in Daegu since the 7th Educational Curriculum. In addition, this study analyses how outside noise affects inside environment of schools. This study found that the noise level criteria of school facilities(such as exterior learning sites and outer walls of school buildings) adjacent to street of one side satisfiedly corresponded to the level and criteria, 65dB(A), of school health law. However, the noise level and vibration criteria of school facilities adjacent to street of two sides did not satisfiedly corresponded to the level or criteria, 65dB(A). In case of classrooms, the inner noise of educational facilities with windows closed and also close to both the street of one side and of two sides satisfiedly corresponded to the level or criteria. 55dB(A), of school health law. In spring and tall, the windows are more open them usual for ventilation, and leaving windows open can lead to noise from outside. Thus, it is urgent to prepare for this situation.

• Architectural research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.91-98
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• 2019

In modern times, numerous cities are competing to create the unique skyline adjacent to the water. Tall buildings located across the river have a great contribution to the skyline of a riverfront city and can be a precious asset for the city. Moreover, in several cities, tall buildings and their impact on the urban skyline are a matter that should be considered and regulated in urban design. Therefore, as a prominent element in a larger visual setting of the city, tall buildings should improve the visual quality of the skyline rather than diminish that quality. This research attempts to provide an objective method to analyze the visual quality of the skyline made by a group of tall buildings through their feature of heights and spatial arrangement from riverfront views. The analysis is determined by the design variables of building heights variation, heights transition, density, and spacing of a group of tall buildings. A comparative case study of tall buildings in Yeouido and Lujiazui was conducted to prove the effectiveness of the analysis. The proposed method can be used in a simple way in the quantitative approach to quantify the visual quality of the skyline. In conclusion, Yeuido's skyline is not quite interesting from the riverfront view in terms of height variation and continuity of the skyline view because they are dispersed. Conversely, Lujiazui's skyline from the riverfront vantage points has a good quality in all aspects of the feature of height and spatial arrangements of tall buildings cluster. These factors can be used for the urban designer on how proposed tall buildings within the cluster should appropriately respond to adding image on the skyline.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.169-179
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• 2019

During the initial design stage of apartment complex, the photovoltaic(PV) system has been considered as an alternative of renewable energy system and planned to install at the rooftop floor level in general. The electric power generation characteristics can be influenced by the block layout, building orientation and roof top structure because of azimuth angle, tilt angle, and partial shading. This study aims to investigate power generation characteristics of photovoltaic system in apartment buildings by considering the partial shading conditions due to the block layout, building orientation and roof-top structures. For the photovoltaic module arrangement planning in rooftop floor level, shading areas were firstly analyzed due to the adjacent building structure. And the annual and seasonal power generation of PV system were analyzed through the PVsyst simulation results. The results show that shading period at the roof top surface can be increased due to the parapet and water tank. Initial design power capacity can be decreased by considering the daily insolation period and distance between PV modules through the shading simulation. As the number of PV modules decreases, the annual power generation can be decreased. However annual power generation per unit area of PV modules can be increased and performance ratio can be increased above 80%. Also the power generation of PV system can be critically affected by building orientation and the performance ratio can be drastically decreased in east-oriented buildings due to the shading problems caused by adjacent structures at roof top level such as parapet and water tank.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.903-909
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• 2001

Apartment and large residence buildings are necessary to ensure a comfortable noise/vibration environment. So. it must be performed a anti-vibration/noise evaluation at early design stage, such as utility room arrangement, machinery installation method and so on. In this paper. environment noise status on problem areas, which was issued by resident. was investigated to understand the noise transmission property generated from underground machinery room and to device a optimized countermeasure in order to enhance noise environment. Also, the measured noise levels before and after modification works are compared to confirm the effectiveness of proposed countermeasure.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2012

Major and reckless development which have been continued during the last half century, have caused decrease and damage of urban green spaces in the point of qualitative and quantitative view. Particularly, it brought about reduction to urban neighborhood park which has taken the main role for landscape ecological value. Recently, neighborhood park planning based on the landscape ecological results has been increasing gradually. Most of all, diverse attempts such as the application of shape character analysis and the step of landscape ecological planning in urban park planning have been proposed. Today, we recognize the importance of comprehensive approach in urban green planning and neighborhood park planning, but landscape ecological approach which is analyzing character and making proposal with isolation, connection and circulation is still insufficient. Most of neighborhood parks in Korea are surrounded by buildings and isolated from adjacent green spaces. Besides, these parks have landscape ecological problems such as reduction of size, isolation from adjacent green spaces, decline of nature, and excessive pavement which we ignored during urban development process. We have sympathy for understanding landscape ecological characters and considering improvement proposals for neighborhood parks Therefore, the purpose of this study was to 1) select five neighborhood parks in Daegu, 2) analyze landscape ecological characters with isolation, connection and circulation, and 3) compare data. It is certain that these results should be the main data for the arrangement of improvement proposals which landscape ecological characters were appled to.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.105-116
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• 2018

POPS(Privately Owned Public Spaces) is one of the major component that vitalize the city by private sectors providing open-spaces to the public. It holds great significances and possibilities within CBD(Central Business District) which lack open-space and green-space. Despite of its importance, a large number of problems such as deficient accessibility for the public and being unpractical from constructing only with formality occur in existing POPS. POPS should be for both owners and public because it is a public space located within a private estate. To vitalize POPS, functions like "diversity", "accessibility and connectivity", and "usability" are essential. Providing diverse types of spaces makes dynamic city, and the spaces must have easy access by public and variety of functions. Managements by diverse types of POPS are necessary to improve availability and to provides suitable spaces. To make diverse types of POPS, advanced classifications of type and clear criteria are required. From aspect of accessibility and connectivity, firstly detailed instructions for the arrangement are necessary for reinforcement. Specific research on means of connection such as how many faces of POPS should adjoin streets and in which direction it should be facing should be applied. Purposes of POPS must be specified depending on the type of POPS. By connecting adjacent buildings with POPS, one of the main principal of vitalizing POPS, inflow of people can be increased. Accordingly, improvements of design guidelines in "diversity", "accessibility and connectivity", and "usability" can be suggested to vitalize POPS. With these concerns in mind, this paper analyzes problems of current Seoul POPS guidelines with three aspects.