• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 1993

For the analysis of structure relationship of ar-turmerone analogues, the compounds containing the various substituents on the phenyl ring and 1(or 2)-naphthyl group in the place of phenyl of ar-turmerone were prepared and tested their cytotoxicity against HL-60, K-562, and L1210 leukemia cells in vitro. The substituents at para position are methoxy, phenoxy, methyl, trifluoromethyl, fluoro, and chloro. At meta position methoxy, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or chloro groups at ortho position mathoxy or chloro group were introduced. Against HL-60 and K-562 cells, $ED_{50}$ values of the analogues are ranged from 0.8 to $30.0\;\mu{g/ml}$. Againste L1210 cell, these are located more than $20.0\;\mu{g/ml}$. However, 5-carbone-thoxy-2-methyl-6(1-naphthyl)-2-octen-4-one (5n)possesses $ED_{50}$ valuses 0.8, 2.1, $6.5\;\mu{g/ml}$ against HL-60, L1210 cells, respectively. The electronic nature of the substituents on phenyl ring of ar-tumerone dose not affect the biological activity. Therefore the flat structure of aromatic potion of ar-tumerone analogues is the more important factor for their activity rather than its electronic nature. The potentiation of the cytotoxicity with the enlargement of aromatic ring region also supports the importance of the plane structure of this area. The restriction of the single bond rotation between C-6 and aromatic ring through the introduction of substituents at the ortho position of phenyl ring and the increment of size of alkyl group at C-6 position enhances the activity. Therefore the effective conformation should by the one having the orthogonal arrangement between the aromatic ring and the side chain.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.375-382
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• 2002

The total hydrocarbon distribution of oil products obtained from the pyrolysis of four kinds of mixtures of polyethylene-polystyrene waste has been studied by multidimensional chromatography(high performance liquid chromatography followed by capillary gas chromatography)/mass spectrometry. Saturated, unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in oil products were selectively pre-separated according to structural groups by HPLC and the weight fraction of each group was estimated by analysis of each component using GC-FID response factors. The hydrocarbon distribution of aliphatic fraction consists of $C_{5}$ to $C_{25}$ saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. And that of aromatics fraction consists of benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, propenyl benzene, naphthalene, and some of derivatives. Pyrolysis temperature did not affect the ratio of total weight fraction of aliphatic over aromatic hydrocarbon distribution in case of PS only and PE-PS mixtures (1:1 and 1:4 wt. ratio) as a feed while affected the ratio of total wt. fraction in case of PE only. The optimal temperature for the maximum oil production was $600^{\circ}C$ for pyrolysis of PS and 1:1 and 1:4 mixtures of PE and PS. The optimal condition for aromatic recovery was $600^{\circ}C$ with 1:1 mixture of PE and PS. In this condition, aromatic was produced up to 90% of total oil product. The maximum yield of toluene, xylene, styrene, and propenyl benzene were 8.6, 8.9, 51.0 and 7.4% of feed for pyrolysis PS at $700^{\circ}C$, respectively. However, only 1.3% naphthalene was recovered at $700^{\circ}C$ with 1:1 PE:PS(by wt.).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.644-649
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• 2011

Polyaniline/$SiO_2$ catalyzed one-pot mannich reaction of acetophenone, aromatic aldehydes and aromatic amines are carried out in ethanol to afford various ${\beta}$-amino ketones. The various wt% of polyaniline were supported on pure silica synthesized by using chemical oxidative method. The catalyst prepared has been characterized by means of thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Solvent stability of catalyst was tested using UV-Visible spectroscopy. This protocol has several advantages such as high yield, simple work up procedure, non-toxic, clean, easy recovery and reusability of the catalyst.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.192-197
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• 1999

The contents of total lipids and their components of brown rice grain were studied for 5 colored rice cultivars, 1 aromatic rice cultivar and 1 normal rice cultivar grown in Korea. The total lipid contents ranged 2.04 to 4.69% based on total dry weight. The Tohoku #149 showed the highest content which was followed by Hansanheukmi and Sanghaehyang-hyeolna. The lowest content were observed in three cultivars, Heuknambyeo, Hyangnambyo and Dongjinbyeo which showed no difference among cultivars. The main classes of the total lipid were triglyceride, diglyceride, free sterol, free fatty acid and sterol esters in all cultivars examined. The ratio of triglyceride in total lipid was high in colored rice and aromatic rice compared to Dongjinbyeo which is normal rice cultivars, but the ratio of diglyceride was high in Dongjinbyeo. The major fatty acid compositions in the cultivars examined were linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid. There was a varietal difference in fatty acid composition, for example, erucic acid was detected in aromatic and colored rices cultivars, while none of this compound was found in Dongjinbyeo.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 1993

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAMs) are ubiquitous contaminants in marine environments. PAHs enter estuarine and nearshore marine environment via several routes such as combustion of fossil fuels, domestic and industrial effluents and oil spills PAHs have been the focus of numerous studies in the world because they owe potentially carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic to aquatic organisms and humans from consuming contaminated food. However, one can hardly find any available data on PAM content in marine organisms in Korea. The present study was carried out in order to determine PAH content in oysters from the intertidal and subtidal zones of Chinhae Bay, which is located in near urban communities and an industrial complex, and the bay is considered to be a major repositories of PAHs. 16 PAHs were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with uv/vis and fluorescence detectors in oysters: they are naphthalene (NPTHL), acenaphthylene (ANCPL), acenaphthene (ACNPN), fluorene (FLURN), phenanthrene (PKEN), anthracene (ANTHR), fluoranthene (FLRTH), pyrene (PYRf), benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), chrysene (CHRY), benzo(b)- fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), dibenz(a, h)anthracene (DhA), benzo(g, h, i)peryne (Bghip) and indeno(1, 2, 3, -cd)pyrene (I123cdP). The PAH contents in oysters from the intertidal and subtidal zones of Chinhae Bay ranged from < 0.1 to 992.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg (mean 69.8 $\pm$ 9.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg). Key words . polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, high performance liquid chromatography, oyster, Chinhae Bay.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 1994

The Escherichia coli aroA and serC genes constitute a mixed-function operon which involves in two different amino acid biosynthetic pathways. The regulation of expression of serC-aroA operon was evaluated through the use of a serC-araA-lacZ fusion plasmid pWH2. The expression of the serC-aroA operon was decreased by aromatic amino acids such as tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine. The repressible effects were diminished in E. coli tyrR of trpR strain, indicating the involvemnt of TyrR of TrpR protein in the repression. Tyrosine was competitie with cAMP in the influence on the expression of the serC-AroA operon. From these data, it was suggested that the serC-aroA operon is controlled by aromatic amino acids in a negative manner.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1438-1445
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• 2021

A bifunctional glycoside hydrolase GH78 from the ascomycete Xylaria polymorpha (XpoGH78) possesses catalytic versatility towards both glycosides and esters, which may be advantageous for the efficient degradation of the plant cell-wall complex that contains both diverse sugar residues and esterified structures. The contribution of XpoGH78 to the conversion of lignocellulosic materials without any chemical pretreatment to release the water-soluble aromatic fragments, carbohydrates, and methanol was studied. The disintegrating effect of enzymatic lignocellulose treatment can be significantly improved by using different kinds of hydrolases and phenoloxidases. The considerable changes in low (3 kDa), medium (30 kDa), and high (> 200 kDa) aromatic fragments were observed after the treatment with XpoGH78 alone or with this potent cocktail. Synergistic conversion of rape straw also resulted in a release of 17.3 mg of total carbohydrates (e.g., arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose) per gram of substrate after incubating for 72 h. Moreover, the treatment of rape straw with XpoGH78 led to a marginal methanol release of approximately 17 ㎍/g and improved to 270 ㎍/g by cooperation with the above accessory enzymes. In the case of beech wood conversion, the combined catalysis by XpoGH78 and laccase caused an effect comparable with that of fungal strain X. polymorpha in woody cultures concerning the liberation of aromatic lignocellulose fragments.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2021

Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to assess the effect of oxidative decomposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in field soil using peroxy-acid. The study soil texture is sandy soil containing 19.2 % of organic matter at pH 6.8. Among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the study soil, the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene is 2.23 mg/kg which is three times higherthan the Korea standard level. Therefore benzo(a)pyrene was selected as the target study PAH for the treatment by peroxy-acid oxidation using peroxy-acid coupled with hydrogen peroxide, and the efficiency of the oxidative decomposition of benzo(a)pyrene was assessed for the different organic acids and dosages of an organic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Propionic acid among the tested organic acids showed the highest efficiency of benzo(a)pyrene reduction in the peroxyacid oxidation treatment and finally satisfied the Korea standard level.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.31-39
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• 2003

The enzymatic isolation of residual lignins obtained from spruce and beech pulps (obtained by sulfite, kraft, ASAM and soda/AQ/MeOH pulping processes) and their characterization was described in previous publications. Here, the residual lignins have been submitted to potassium permanganate oxidation (KMnO₄ degradation), and 9 aromatic carboxylic acids (3 of them are dimeric) were identified after methylation with diazomethane by GC/MS. The analytical challenge during qantification by the internal standard methods was the partly high protein content of the samples, which resulted in elevated anisic acid yields in the degradation mixture of sulfite residual lignins. The results are compared with the KMnO₄ degradation of the corresponding MWLs and discussed in terms of S/G ratios and degrees of condensation. The latter was calculated as a quotient between the aromatic carboxylic acids derived from condensed and non-condensed lignin structures. Typical degradation patterns for the various processes have been observed. Among other parameter, the relative compositions between iso-hemipinic acid (which is for condensation in pos. 5 of the aromatic ring) and meta-hemipinic acid and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphthalic acid (both are for condensation in pos. 6 of the aromatic ring) was found to be process specific. Kraft and soda/AQ/MeOH residual lignins yielded higher amounts of iso-hemipinic acid. In contrast, the relative yields of meta-hemipinic acid and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphthalic acid (the latter in beech lignins) are higher in sulfite and particularly in ASAM residual lignin. In case of beech residual lignins the amount of acids originated from non-condensed syringyl type lignin units was surprisingly high. The condensation degree of residual lignins was shown to be generally higher than that of MWLs. This was especially true for the G units. ASAM residual lignin exhibited very high S/G ratios and degrees of polymerization. Causality between condensation degree and total yield of degradation products was demonstrated.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.571-574
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• 2005

The aromatic hyperbranched polyamide was synthesized from 5-aminoisophthalic acid by direct polycondensation with triphenylphosphite (TPP) catalyst as a condensing agent. The modification of end-groups in the resulting hyperbranched polymer (HBP) with various alkyl alcohols were conducted. The modification of end-groups of HBP by alkyl groups resulted in an improved solubility in the THF comparing to that of the carboxylic acid-terminated aromatic HBP, Also, 10 wt$\%$ weight loss temperature decreased by increasing the length of alkyl group.