• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1987

Effects of phenobarbital pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of enterohepatic recirculating griseofulvin were investigated by comparing normal to bile duct cannulated rats and also the effects of enhanced endogeneous bile flow on the absorption of griseofulvin were studied by means of in situ recirculation method in phenobarbital-pretreated rats. Phenobarbital was administered orally for five days at the dose of 75 mg/kg/day. The influence of phenobarbital pretreatment on the absorption rate constant, area under the plasma concentration-time curve, maximum plasma concentration of orally administered griseofulvin was not found in bile duct cannulated rats. Decreased absorption clearance and apparent partition coefficient of griseofulvin in accordance with the amount of endogeneous bile juice seemed to be due to the decrease of thermodynamic activity of griseofulvin as bile forms the micelle with griseofulvin.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1997년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.696-698
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• 1997

The marine diesel engine have been widely applied with a mechanical hydraulic governor to control the ship speed for long time. But it was recently very difficult for the mechanical hydraulic governor to control the speed of engine under the condition of low speed and low load because of jiggling by rough fluctuation of rotating torque and hunting by dead time of diesel engine. In order to analyze the speed control system the transfer function was converted from z to w transformation. The author proposed velocity control system with feedback loop by PID controller in order to stabilize for unstable area. The influence of dead time was discussed by Nichols chart and unit step response curve. It was confirmed through computer simulation that the performance improvement of a mechanical hydraulic governor can be obtained by PID controller.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.121-127
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• 1990

Mefenamic acid has been widely used clinically as an anti-inflammatory analgesic. It has poor solubility in water $(41\;{\mu}g/ml)$ and there is the difficulty of dissolution in the mefenamic acid capsules. A study was made to investigate the effect of various surfactants on the dissolution of mefenamic acid capsules. The surfactants used were sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), Pluronic F-68, F-77, and F-127. Mefenamic acid capsule containing surfactant showed significantly improved dissolution characteristics. The dissolution rate was fast in the order of SLS > F-77 > F-68 > F-127 in mefenamic acid capsules containing 0.2 w/w % surfactant. SLS was selected for further study on the bioavailability in rabbits. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve $(AUC_{0-24})$ of mefenamic acid capsule containing SLS was higher than one of mefenamic acid capsule not containing surfactant.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.265-269
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to report the pharmacokinetic changes of cyclosporine after oral administration of cyclosporine, 10 mg/kg, in rabbits coadministered or pretreated twice per day for 3 days with nimodipine, dose of 5 mg/kg. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of cyclosporine was significantly higher in rabbits pretreated with nimodipine than that in control rabbits (p＜0.01), showing about 149％ increased relative bioavailability. The peak plasma concentration (C$_{max}$), elimination half-life (t$_{1}$2/) and MRT of cyclosporine were increased significantly (p＜0.05) in rabbits pretreated with nimodipine compared with those in control rabbits. This findings could be due to significant reduction of elimination rate constant and total body clearance by pretreated with nimodipine. The effects of nimodipine on the pharmacokinetics of oral cyclosporine were more considerable in rabbits pretreated with nimodipine compared with those in control rabbits. The results suggest that the dosage of cyclosporine should be adjusted when the drug would be coadministered chronically with nimodipine in a clinical situation.n.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2015

In this paper, a novel method for the classification of term and preterm birth is proposed based on time-frequency analysis of electrohysterogram (EHG) using multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD). EHG is a promising study for preterm birth prediction, because it is low-cost and accurate compared to other preterm birth prediction methods, such as tocodynamometry (TOCO). Previous studies on preterm birth prediction applied prefilterings based on Fourier analysis of an EHG, followed by feature extraction and classification, even though Fourier analysis is suboptimal to biomedical signals, such as EHG, because of its nonlinearity and nonstationarity. Therefore, the proposed method applies prefiltering based on MEMD instead of Fourier-based prefilters before extracting the sample entropy feature and classifying the term and preterm birth groups. For the evaluation, the Physionet term-preterm EHG database was used where the proposed method and Fourier prefiltering-based method were adopted for comparative study. The result showed that the area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was increased by 0.0351 when MEMD was used instead of the Fourier-based prefilter.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1993

The intraction between cimetidine and rifampicin was studied pharmacokinetically in normal human subjects. The serum level and the area under the serum concentration curve(AUC) of rifampicin administrated orally were elevated significantly by cimetidine. Volume of distribution, total clearance and elimination rate constant of rifampicin were reduced significanyly by cimetidine. Biological half-life of rifampicin was prolonged significantly by cimetidine. The mechanism of this results is probably related to the inhibition of rifampicin metabolism(deacetyl form) or reduction of blood flow in the liver. It is desirable that dosage regimen of rifampicin shoud be adjusted when combined with cimetidine in clinical pharmacy practice.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2000

The effect of cimetidine on the pbarmacokinetic parameters of cyclosporine (intravenous administration) were determined in 6 healthy volunteers (22-48 years old, 48-62 kg) by cross-over design. Cyclosporine and cyclosporine metabolites in whole blood were analysed by fluororescence polarization immunoassay (TDx-FLX). The blood concentrations of cyclosporine After pretreatment with cimetidine (200 mg bid, for 3days) were increased significantly at 8-12 hrs compared to the control (p<0.05). The ratios of blood concentrations of cyclosporine metabolites (M1, M17) to parent drug were decreased significantly at 8-12 hrs (p<0.05). Total body clearance (CL) was also decreased significantly (p<0.05), and area under the curve $(AUC,\%)$ was increased but not significant.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.845-862
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• 2009

Recently, Tunnel in soil has been designed frequently because Mountain Tunnel has been increased rapidly due to straight of horizontal curve and residents' complaints, tunnel portal has been planned at closed to surface for minimization of environmental damage. To excavate tunnel in soil, where displacement and crushing occur in tunnel face and crown because of unstable ground condition, appropriate reinforcement method needed. On this paper, through design and construction of the soil tunnel, consider application of reinforcement method, economical efficiency and stability.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.241-262
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• 2012

An understanding of quality attributes is relevant for the software organization to deliver high software reliability. An empirical assessment of metrics to predict the quality attributes is essential in order to gain insight about the quality of software in the early phases of software development and to ensure corrective actions. In this paper, we predict a model to estimate fault proneness using Object Oriented CK metrics and QMOOD metrics. We apply one statistical method and six machine learning methods to predict the models. The proposed models are validated using dataset collected from Open Source software. The results are analyzed using Area Under the Curve (AUC) obtained from Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis. The results show that the model predicted using the random forest and bagging methods outperformed all the other models. Hence, based on these results it is reasonable to claim that quality models have a significant relevance with Object Oriented metrics and that machine learning methods have a comparable performance with statistical methods.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2018

Orally administered ginsengs come in contact with the gut microbiota, and their hydrophilic constituents, such as ginsenosides, are metabolized to hydrophobic compounds by gastric juice and gut microbiota: protopanxadiol-type ginsenosides are mainly transformed into compound K and ginsenoside Rh2; protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides to ginsenoside Rh1 and protopanaxatriol, and ocotillol-type ginsenosides to ocotillol. Although this metabolizing activity varies between individuals, the metabolism of ginsenosides to compound K by gut microbiota in individuals treated with ginseng is proportional to the area under the blood concentration curve for compound K in their blood samples. These metabolites such as compound K exhibit potent pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiallergic, and neuroprotective effects compared with the parent ginsenosides, such as Rb1, Rb2, and Re. Therefore, to monitor the potent pharmacological effects of ginseng, a novel probiotic fermentation technology has been developed to produce absorbable and bioactive metabolites. Based on these findings, it is concluded that gut microbiota play an important role in the pharmacological action of orally administered ginseng, and probiotics that can replace gut microbiota can be used in the development of beneficial and bioactive ginsengs.