• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.468-476
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• 2006

The paper deals with the numerical analysis of contaminants emission from the material affected by temperature variation in floor heating system. Considering mass transfer and heat transfer theories, a computer program for the analysis of VOCs emission was made. To demonstrate the accuracy of the numerical solution, the prediction results and the measured data were compared. Using this program, emission rates of the materials in the bakeout space and the no bake-out space were compared to estimate the variation of emission rate.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.26-38
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to suggest objective basic data for landscape research which cotained interdiciplinary approach between ecological and psychophysical method. For this, the naturalness and preference in greenary space, spatial image structure of physical elements have been analyzed by correlation coefficient and factor analysis algorithm. The results are as follows; 1. The relation between the estimation of naturalness and the preference in natural forest was deeply correlated. And the estimation of naturalness was higher than the estimation of DGN(Degree of Green Naturality). 2. The estimation of naturalnesss was decided by the physical features of forest and was different from the DGN. 3. Factors covering the spatial image of the forests have been found to be the 'overall evaluation', 'ability', 'naturalness' and 'idiosyncracy'. By using the control method for the number of factors, T.V. has been obtained as 61.68%. 4. The factors of the 'overall evauation', 'naturalness' were found to be the main factors determining the visual preference of greenary space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.1 s.114
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• pp.10-20
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• 2006

This study is to introduce the improvement and management of Ecoduct located in Uiwang's Mt. Obong, Gyeonggi province. The inner planting of Ecoduct is not very related to the flora of mountain areas nearby. The difference in the index of plant crown volume(GVZ), the similarity index(S.I.), and monitored animals is significant between Ecoduct and mountain areas. Putting together all of the results, the initial selection of movement and target species is excessive in number. Target species must be selected again. They will be species that are currently found on the site. The Ecoduct space must be divided into two parts: buffer planting space and wildlife corridor. Reforestation is needed since the GVZ is remarkably lower in Ecoduct than in the nearby mountain areas. Besides the vegetation of Ecoduct is densely planted in guidance planting space to connect the southern Quercus mongolica community and the northern Quercus acutissima community. Proper upkeep after construction should be continuously conducted to maintain the procedure of natural change.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.273-285
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• 2023

The commercial buildings greening can generate multiple benefits to achieve a sustainable building and business environment. However, a comprehensive systematic review of commercial buildings greening across multiple disciplines has yet to be reported. This study conducted a systematic analysis of 39 literature on commercial building greening from Web of Science over the past 19 years and utilized CiteSpace to visualize the academic evolution and trends in this field. Key findings were: 1) The number of publications in the past five years has increased, indicating that commercial building greening research has received widespread attention. 2) The large number of publications means that the research field of commercial building greening is relatively broad. 3) The study of commercial building greening has become a global participation and cooperation research topic. The top cooperating countries mainly come from the United States and Europe, while the differences in cooperation between institutions in developing countries are less significant. 4) The greening of commercial buildings is more related to research on behavioral activities. 5) The research on commercial building greening has developed from architecture and plants to interdisciplinary fields, including psychology, economics, and management. 6) The cost of commercial buildings greening is generally an obstacle to installation. This study provides specific references for stakeholders and plays a crucial role in determining the evolution of commercial building greening research and predicting future research needs and opportunities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the methods applied to educational facilities of Steven Holl's architecture, especially focusing on sensible elements in the public space. Steven Holl has realized distinct space by applying very specific and limited concept. such as perspective space, color, light and shadow, time duration and perception, haptic realm, and proportion & scale. Education facilities designed by Steven Holl, are influenced the sensible aspects of space, form, materials, patterns, and other various sensible elements. Beyond the limits of color and sculptural vocabulary, Steven Holl utilizes a variety of ways which shown in educational facilities design and is identified by the emotional phenomenology of perceptual experience. Various elements in the public space are reinforced through light and materials to make experiential space in the educational facilities. This study used a composition of space that combines various sensible elements, meanings, and senses to examine how Steven Holl's architecture can mediate and reproduce user' emotional experiences and discover the existential relationship between space and user in public space of educational facilities.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.94-102
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• 2000

The line of demarcation separating architecture from the art in recent years has blurred, due to the expantionist aspects between. This is a study of the direction which contemporary architecture and art are now taking. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The direction of contemporary architecture is revealed through the works of deconstructivist architects and Hans Hollein. Deconstructivist architects have incooperated abstract forms and concepts for their expression. Also Hans Hollein has brought a new aspect to architecture by combining the aura of spirituality and the use of collage. 2. The direction of contemporary art is revealed through the works of installation artists. Daniel Buren works on the interactivity between the object and the observer. Dan Graham deals with the social issues which caused by the interrelation between the eyes and the visual media. Jae-en Choi works on the actual architectural site and space capturing the spirit of what the space is for shile Jung-hwa Jung deals with the layers of perception within a particular space. Another realm coming into being is the cooperation between artists and architects. The cooperation of Holl and Acconci is expressed through their joint project Storefront Gallery. It is the development of Accocis concept of boundary and Holls methodology. Another example of this realm is revealed through the Fish Gallery of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao. Gehry was introduced to the nature of material by Serra and Serra learned of new ways of viewing the existence of space between materials from Gehry. These new relationships between contemporary architecture and art are reciprocal in nature are indicators of a dynamic and new changing cooperation now emerging.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2012

The opportunity provided for design method and strategy of community space for secondary school through the experience of public library and gallery, is the purpose of this paper. Community space is an important issue in school architecture as it seeks to revive the public area in educational building and to renew the open space as a multi-entertainment space. The latest works of school, however, which are evaluated as well reflected the reality of educational patterns, are still deficient in that communicational elements in school are underdeveloped and inadequate. The cases of this paper, which are grown up as entertainment library and multi-purpose cultural space such as Seattle Public Library, Sendai Mediatech, Tate Modem Gallery, and Kunsthaus, are suitable to offer the method of the creation of community space for school. This paper reviews an assessment of its success in community space for school architecture with multi-entertainment-purpose library and cultural space connected open space and concludes with the establishment of design method for future school; extraction of the factors contributing to development of community space in school and proposal of design method; implementation of school renewal with library and gallery plus open space for the creation of identity considering both of study and play.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.37-45
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• 2012

The villages in island were established overcoming natural environment through Shamanism and changed by developing various industrials like transportation. Gapa Island located in southern part of Jejudo is flat topography different from the other islands. The purpose of this study is to clarify characteristics on transformation of community space in Gapa Island. For purpose, community spaces in Gapa Island are researched such as establishment, function, change, and use of community space. Spatial components in Gapa Island are like as spaces in faith, residential area, area for production, commercial zone, community space, education facilities, public offices, port, and roads. The methods of this study are literature research and interview survey for residents in Gapa Island. The results are as followings: First, community space is in charge about social, industrial, and religious function. Second, for traditional spaces separated for male and female, demarcation of space does not exist in industrial side but the demarcation has still been exist in religious side. Finally, by development of tourism new community space has been charge in festival function as well as function of space like agora for meeting with people freely, which is relatively various in function of community space in social side. Role of the dock for ship, main transportation of island, is being increasing as square.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.6 s.53
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• pp.95-102
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the ambiguity of the boundary through the composition of section. The building means the compose of the inside space by physical shell. Inside space that has boundary factors like floor, wall, roof and column is surrounded outside space. The factors which compose the boundary was expressed by architects as various analysis, but it has changed as changing of paradigm and information revolution. The inside space and outside space were connected through the system arrangement, so various space could construct by an aspect of relation. The history of architecture was written as the establishment of in-out space by architectural boundary factors, but the space could not divide definitely, composed complex structure, could experience various recognition. The existing study which is focused on Ambiguity of the Boundary is just focused on contemporary architecture. Ambiguity of the Boundary is developed by using glass. The transparency of glass removed the boundary of space, so it can be created free wall, continuity of view. It was Influenced the boundary of the sight and changed the expression of boundary between the space. This study is to analyze the change of boundary awareness and find the ambiguity of boundary in the section.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1383-1392
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to provide suitable outdoor spaces for Korean elderly, examining characteristics and types of existing outdoor spaces and presenting design guideline of outdoor space for elderly. To do this, this study examined previous research papers and scholastic writings, related to elderly housing, and analyzed twelve cases of elderly housing complex. Additionally evaluation of usage pattern and physical trace carried out on twelve cases. As a result, first, the study showed that outdoor spaces for elderly were classified 5 types; entrance area of housing complex, building entrance area, outdoor living area, in & outdoor neutral area, and parking lots. Outdoor living area is subdivided into residents' public space, green space, health & sports space and landscape space. Characteristics of outdoor space are deeply related to safety, amenity, recognition and efficiency. Second, types of outdoor space in elderly facilities are very limited in verity, just facilitating with rest space, sport space, and garden space. Third, from a standpoint of barrier-free-design, twelve cases are not carefully concerning about outdoor space for elderly.