• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.101-114
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• 2016

A model-based systems engineering (MBSE) approach to implementing hardware-based network cybersecurity controls for APR1400 non-safety data network is presented in this work. The proposed design was developed by implementing packet filtering and deep packet inspection functions to control the unauthorized traffic and malicious contents. Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack was considered as a potential cybersecurity issue that may threaten the data availability and integrity of DCS gateway servers. Logical design architecture was developed to simulate the behavior of functions flow. HDL-based physical architecture was modelled and simulated using Xilinx ISE software to verify the design functionality. For effective modelling process, enhanced function flow block diagrams (EFFBDs) and schematic design based on FPGA technology were together developed and simulated to verify the performance and functional requirements of network security controls. Both logical and physical design architectures verified that hardware-based cybersecurity controls are capable to maintain the data availability and integrity. Further works focus on implementing the schematic design to an FPGA platform to accomplish the design verification and validation processes.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.203-215
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• 2021

Current industrial practices and approaches are simplified and do not describe the actual behavior of plated elements of offshore topside structures for safety design due to fires. Therefore, it is better to make up for the defective methods with integrated fire safety design methods based on fire resistance characteristics such as residual strength capacity. This study numerically investigates the residual strength of steel stiffened panels exposed to hydrocarbon jet fire. A series of nonlinear finite element analyses (FEAs) were carried out with varying probabilistic selected exposures in terms of the jet fire location, side, area, and duration. These were used to assess the effects of exposed fire on the residual strength of a steel stiffened panel on a ship-shaped offshore structure. A probabilistic approach with a feasible fire location was used to determine credible fire scenarios in association with thermal structural responses. Heat transfer analysis was performed to obtain the steel temperature, and then the residual strength was obtained for the credible fire scenarios under compressive axial loading using nonlinear FEA code. The results were used to derive closed-form expressions to predict the residual strength of steel stiffened panels with various exposure to jet fire characteristics. The results could be used to assess the sustainability of structures at risk of exposure to fire accidents in offshore installations.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.640-648
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• 2022

In the United States, the Safety Rest Areas (SRAs) were introduced as highway roadside infrastructures in the early 1900s. The State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) operate/maintain their SRAs using different methods. The Washington DOT used the in-house workforce method for over 20 years, whereas some states moved to Performance-Based Contracting (PBC) from the in-house workforce to save cost primarily. Several existing studies claimed that using the PBC approach saved costs on several highway assets. Thus, the principal objective of this study is to compute and compare the unit operating/maintenance cost of SRAs using the in-house workforce method (in Washington state) with the PBC approach (in other states). The findings of this study show that the average annual cost using the PBC approach was much more than the average annual cost using the in-house workforce approach. The findings also show that in Washington state, the 'Labor Cost' category was a key expenditure, which is statistically higher than other categories. The 'Labor Cost' was followed by the 'Other Services', and then 'Materials and Supplies' and 'Equipment.' The study's findings indicated that outsourcing does not always save costs for agencies. The study findings may help transportation construction/maintenance professionals select a cost-effective approach for their future planning.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

Public rental housing in Korea has been initially provided for residential stability of low-income household focusing on solving quantitative insufficiency since 1980s. In the process of early stage of designing and planning public rental housing, qualitative aspects of considering children were not primary concern. This study aims to analyze the priority of environmental improvement of outdoor spaces for children's safety in public rental housing. First, literature review was performed in the reference of local residential safety guidelines, Universal Design, and CPTED guidelines. In each guidelines, common safety planning factors for children were extracted within different types of outdoor spaces. Second, based on literature analysis, residents evaluated importance and satisfaction level by different safety types, outdoor space type, and environmental planning factors. In results, residents evaluated high importance and showed low satisfaction for crime and traffic safety. Through IPA, facilities and parking space was evaluated where improvement is needed for the first priority, and planning factors were mostly concerned with surveillance and safety management system. Result shows general concern of public rental housing residents, about weak facility management and security system, and about socially isolated environment which heightened the fear of crime safety. Overall, poor maintenance of the complex environment and decrepit facilities are constantly raising risk of safety accidents especially for children. Considering residents' concern, environmental improvement should be considered in perspective of not only physical repair, but also facility management and security system.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.12
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• pp.1637-1639
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• 2014

In the past, the analog protection relays have been widely used for the safety-related systems in the nuclear power plants due to their stability and reliability. Meanwhile, as the high performance digital system has been developed, the digital systems have been adopted in the non-safety systems. However, since the digital systems currently used in the non-safety systems were not developed according to Q-class standard, Commercial Grade Item Dedication (CGID) procedure should be performed in order to apply them to the safety-related system. The purpose of this paper is to describe the CGID procedure including the analysis of the hardware architecture as well as the software embedded in protective relay to apply to the emergency diesel generator in the nuclear power plant. The entire CGID procedure was performed strictly according to the international standard and regulations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of the earthquake disaster safety management in the national industrial complexes and to suggest improvement counter-measure. Literature review for the safety management system of the Korea Industrial Complex Corporation and interview with practitioners was conducted. and Seismic design application survey was conducted on 28 national industrial complexes. In order to improve Earthquake Disaster Safety Management, Counter-measures were suggested such as the reinforcement of laws and regulations related Seismic. It is expected that the improvement counter-measures presented in this study can be used as policy-making data for improving the seismic performance of the national industrial complexes in the future.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2009

WIG crafts are a high speed vessel with features of dynamic supported craft. These crafts, which are predominantly of light weight and operate any substantially greater speeds than conventional craft such as bulk carrier, tanker, container ship, etc., could not be accommodated under traditional maritime safety instruments. It means that there is the need for risk and safety levels to be assessed on a holistic basis, recognizing that high levels of operator training, comprehensive and thoroughly implemented procedures, high levels of automation and sophisticated software can all make significant contributions to risk reduction. To response this requirement, the Interim Guideline for WIG craft(MSC/Circ.1054) were developed in the view of the configuration of WIG craft, which fall between the maritime and aviation regulatory regimes. This paper reviews a safety assessment process and methodology to be used in the design phase of a new ship. The process and methodology is based on the risk-based approach and is applied to safety assessment in concept development phase of small WIG craft in the 20-person class.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.41-51
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• 2016

This The purpose of this study is to evaluate user satisfaction with village bathhouses, selected from a two-year pilot project of common facilities for senior in rural areas from 2014 to 2015. A survey was conducted using a questionnaire to evaluate user satisfaction, and 135 questionnaires were collected from 18 common meal facilities. User satisfaction was evaluated in five categories with a five-point scale: location and spatial composition; emotions and intimacy; safety; nutrition; and maintenance and management. The results are as follows. First, when overall user satisfaction was evaluated on a five-point scale, the average score stood at 4.24 out of five points and 90.03 out of 100 points. These findings suggest that users were generally satisfied with the common meal facilities. Among five categories, scores except safety stood at four points or higher, indicating higher user satisfaction. Second, communal meal in rural areas have been carried out already but the environment for communal meal like cooking equipment, wastewater disposal, and space have been poor. However, the environment is improved through this pilot project, which has a positive effect to user satisfaction. Third, space planning for barrier-free or sanitary in storage of food containers are not adequate, which is necessary to detailed planning and concrete guideline.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.3 s.20
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• pp.23-38
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analogize the appearance of Korean Ancient Architecture in view of the Stone Remains from 3 Kingdom Period to Unificated Shilla Period. But in these period, there is no building remains but some stupas and fine arts. Especially, there are many architectural appearance and revealing signature in these Historical Stone remains. Architectural elements which are analogized by stone remains what has value as historical materials by preservation of original form from 3 Kingdom Preiod to Unificated Shilla Period are as follows : 1) Platform, the representative characteristic of Korean traditional architecture, was frame structure and accumulate structure. And circular or square footing stood a same shape column on it is put on the platform. 2) In the case of column, there used entasis column and inclined column and circular chamfer technique was applied on the top side of it. Upper side of column, capital and head pentrating tie that small bearing block was put on the center of it was joined. And longitu야nal rest(長舌) supported a cross beam. Capital and small bearing block had no bottom heel, and heel side was curved and straight. Centered bracket structure was often used, and multi bracket structure is not used yet. Inward incline technique was used. 3) Inward opening pair door which had lintel, threshold, doorjamb was usually used, Fixing stone was used for structural safety, and circular handle and lock was used for decoration. Handrail was used on the edge of wooden floor for decorative effect and safety. 4) Square rafter and circular rafter were used in the same period and so did flying rafter. Double eaves and single eave were used in the same period but, single eave was usually used. In this period, square rafter was usually used. This would be studied more by comparing with Japanese wooden architecture. 5) Hipped roof was used and half-hipped roof was not used yet. In front of th hip, there are small sculpture called Jap-Sang(雜像), and windbell was hang on the end of the hip rafter. Concave roof tile, convex roof tile, round eaver tile, decorative tile at end of roof ridge were used. Lotus style was well used on the face of roof tile for decoration. From the results of this study, wooden architecture of Unificated Shilla period was simple compare to Koryo dynasty and Chosun dynasty but, it had some brilliant character. It was hard work that analogized the form of non-existent wood architecture of Ancient Korean period by restricted stone remains. But, in addition to the results of this study and research of old documentations, more study should be go on.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.55-68
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• 2007

Because of not accepted on escape using elevators in fire emergency has some background. In the background elevator hoistway has turn into smoke spread route in fire. The escape that used an elevator was not able to make ends meet; of the big confusion is expected that cannot control the escape adequately, and do that elevator facilities breakdown possibility by the fire water, the escaper shut in car. Therefore ban on elevator service in fire time as a general rule. Recently, a few company promote super high-rise architecture in the country, a fire disaster prevention and human life safety measures preparation for PBD(A Performance Based Fire Protection Design) are studied concretely. And there is the escape example in fire time that used an elevator in the foreign country. You must promote it so that the escape measures that used enclosed stairway and an elevator in charge of a function of the mutual supplement. The result of this research can be used for establishing the standard and regulation for using elevators in fire emergency.