• 한국HCI학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2013

Context aware systems are those systems that are aware about the environment and perform productive functions automatically by reducing human computer interactions(HCI). In this paper, we present common architecture principles of context-aware systems to explain the important aspects of context aware systems. Our study focuses on identifying common concepts in pervasive computing approaches, which allows us to devise common architecture principles that may be shared by many systems. The principles consists of context sensing, context modeling, context reasoning, context processing, communication modelling and resource discovery. Such an architecture style can support high degree of reusability among systems and allows for design flexibility, extensibility and adaptability among components that are independent of each other. We also propose a new architecture based on broker-centric middleware and using ontology reasoning mechanism together with an effective behavior based context agent that would be suitable for the design of context-aware architectures in future systems. We have evaluated the proposed architecture based on the design principles and have done an analyses on the different elements in context aware computing based on the presented system.

• 한국조경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조경학회 2007년도 Journal of Landscape Architecture in Asia Vol.3
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• pp.162-167
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• 2007

The courtyard life style ever existed as the major traditional living form in wide north China areas. The research made case study and specific analysis on the space organization, constitution and order of the courtyard living, as well as the dwelling accessory manners and transfer space patterns both inside and outside of the courtyard. Pingyao ancient city as the research sample (object), its courtyard composition, classification and characteristic are studied profoundly to explore local traditional cultural traits. On upon the analysis, the research is concluded that the civil courtyard in the ancient Pingyao city bears the feature of in a continuous changing process, which represented as 'from confined to opening', 'from narrow to wide', 'from public to private'. Despite of the courtyard dwelling location and direction, all accessories architectural items on the main room roof were influenced by the geomantic omen culture. As of the inside wall body, entrance and side wall of the courtyard, the woodcraft, stone carving, brick carving on above not only could functioned in architecture artistic, but also express the traditional education spiritual feature.

• 농촌계획
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.67-80
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• 1996

Less Favored Area(LFA) is a newly shaped regional concept and just appearing as a new community design target, where the topogeographical, industry-locational condition and the daily living environment have been outstandingly inferior to any other regions. Community Design(CD) principles that cover a spatial order of settlements are introduced in this study when the CD concept is applied to the LFA. The study puts a great stress on the horizontal and vertical order of communal spatial units and living activities oriented to residents'socio-economic activities, on which a CD district and an inner spatial organization of community is based. Therefore the various relationships between residents' activities and particular places, such as that between agricultural production and land, access to living services and community-outer settlements, is analysed through the field study. The emphatic point is that the spatial unit and organization of community, namely settlement order is casted not only by the horizontal coverage but also by the vertical hierarchy forming a cubic-like spatial order. Applying the CD idea to LFA has limit because the CD has been oriented on urban architectural style and community participation process. Nevertheless, that has a new possibility to understand the fundamental and archetypical change of a spatial pattern of community uncovering the accumulated layer of settlement order especially in the drastically changed mountain community from past to now.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the deployment characteristics of korean and foreign mobile hospitals and to draw out the advantages and disadvantages based on the movement of patients. Methods: The arrangement and user movement lines of foreign mobile hospitals which were actually utilized, and the arrangements and user movement lines of korean mobile hospitals are compared and analyzed. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, we suggest the optimal placement of mobile hospital in Korea. Results: The recently developed Korean mobile hospitals have made many improvements. However, there is no practical use case for the mobile hospital in Korea, so it is necessary to establish the basis for the mobile hospital development site and the site access considerations. In addition, there is no detailed analysis of the movement of the administrators other than the medical staff, and it is considered that research on safe waste disposal is further needed. Implications: It is highly likely to be used as a basic data to find out the combination method of mobile hospitals that can efficiently deal with disasters through the arrangement and movement analysis of mobile hospitals in Korea and abroad.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.143-159
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• 2021

The 246.8-m-tall Beijing Olympic Tower (BOT) is a new landmark in Beijing City, China. Its unique architectural style with five sub-towers and a large tower crown gives rise to complex dynamic characteristics. Thus, it is wind-sensitive, and a double-stage pendulum tuned mass damper (DPTMD) has been installed for vibration mitigation. In this study, a finite-element analysis of the wind-induced responses of the tower based on full-scale measurement results was performed. First, the structure of the BOT and the full-scale measurement are introduced. According to the measured dynamic characteristics of the BOT, such as the natural frequencies, modal shapes, and damping ratios, an accurate finite-element model (FEM) was established and updated. On the basis of wind measurements, as well as wind-tunnel test results, the wind load on the model was calculated. Then, the wind-induced responses of the BOT with the DPTMD were obtained and compared with the measured responses to assess the numerical wind-induced response analysis method. Finally, the wind-induced serviceability of the BOT was evaluated according to the field measurement results for the wind-induced response and was found to be satisfactory for human comfort.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2023

Seokgojeon(石鼓殿) is a protective pavilion that protects stone drums made in 1902 during the Korean Empire in connection with Emperor Gojong's Mangyuksun (51'st birthday) and the commemoration of the 40th anniversary of his reign. During the Japanese colonial period, Seokgojeon was dismantled and transformed into the bell pavilion of Bakmunsa Temple, which was a memorial temple for Ito Hirobumi in 1935. In November 1945, just after liberation, Bakmunsa Temple was burned down, and the Seokgojeon Hall, which was transformed into Jonggak(鐘閣), was relocated to the Changgyeongwon(昌慶苑). Outdoor Stage in 1966, and was dismantled in 1984 due to the Changgyeonggung(昌慶宮) Palace restoration project, and only the members are currently stored. Therefore, this paper intends to use it as a basic research data to examine the style of monumental buildings during the Korean Empire through literature surveys, absence surveys, and case studies of similar buildings during the same period.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.7-29
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• 2010

The form of the Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda site is that of the traditional form of the wooden pagodas constructed during the Baekjae Period. Likewise, it is an important ruin for conducting research on the form and type of the wooden pagodas constructed during the Baekjae Period. In particular, the method used for the installation of the central pillar's cornerstone is a new technique. The purpose of this research is to restore the ruin of the Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda of the Baekjae Period that remains at the Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda site. Until now, research conducted on the wooden pagoda took place mostly centered on the Hwangryongsa Temple's wooden pagoda. Meanwhile, the reality concerning Baekjae's wooden pagoda is one in which there were not many parallel cases pertain to the design for restoration. This research paper wants to conduct academic examination of the Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda to organize the intention of design and design process in a simple manner. This research included review of the Baekjae Period's wooden pagoda related ruins and the review of the existing wooden pagoda ruin to analyze the wooden pagoda construction technique of the era. Then, current status of the Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda site is identified to define the characteristics of the wooden pagoda, and to set up the layout format and the measure to estimate the size of the wooden pagoda in order to design each part. Ultimately, techniques and formats used for the restoration of the wooden pagoda were aligned with the wooden pagoda of the Baekjae Period. Basically, conditions that can be traced from the current status of the Wangheungsa Temple site excavation using the primary standards as the standard. Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda was designed into the wooden pagoda of the Baekjae's prosperity phase. The plane was formed into $3{\times}3$ compartments to design into three tier pagoda. The height was decided by factoring in the distance between the East-West corridors, size of the compartment in the middle, and the view that is visible from above the terrace when entering into the waterway. Basically, the origin of the wooden structure format is based on the Goguryeo style, but also the linkage with China's southern regional styles and Japan's ancient wooden pagoda methods was factored in. As for the format of the central pillar, it looks as if the column that was erected after digging the ground was used when setting up the columns in the beginning. During the actual construction work of the wooden pagoda, central pillar looks as if it was erected by setting up the cornerstone on the ground. The reason that the reclaimed part of pillar that use the underground central cornerstone as the support was not utilized, was because the Eccentric Load of the central pillar's cornerstone was factored in the state of the layers of soil piled up one layer at a time that is repeated with the yellow clay and sandy clay and the yellow clay that were formed separately with the $80cm{\times}80cm$ angle at the upper part of the central pillar's cornerstone was factored in as well. Thus, it was presumed that the central pillar was erected in the actual design using the ground style format. It is possible to presume the cases in which the reclaimed part of pillar were used when constructed for the first time, but in which central pillar was installed later on, after the supplementary materials of the underground column is corroded. In this case, however, technique in which soil is piled up one layer at a time to lay down the foundation of a building structure cannot be the method used in that period, and the reclamation cannot fill up using the $80cm{\times}80cm$ angle. Thus, it was presumed that the layers of soil for building structure's foundation was solidified properly on top of the central pillar's cornerstone when the first wooden pagoda construction work was taking place, and that the ground style central pillar was erected on its upper part by placing the cornerstone once again. Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda is significant from the structure development aspect of the Korean wooden pagodas along with the Hwangryongsa Temple's wooden pagoda. Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda construction technique which was developed during the prosperity phase of the Baekjae Period is presumed to have served as a role model for the construction of the Iksan Mireuksa Temple's wooden pagoda and Hwangryongsa Temple's wooden pagoda. With the plan to complement the work further by excavating more, the basic wooden pagoda model was set up for this research. Wangheungsa Temple's wooden pagoda was constructed as at the Baekjae Kingdom wide initiative, and it was the starting point for the construction of superb pagoda using state of the art construction techniques of the era during the Baekjae's prosperous years, amidst the utmost interest of all the Baekjae populace. Starting out from its inherent nature of enshrining Sakyamuni's ashes, it served as the model that represented the unity of all the Baekjae populace and the spirit of the Baekjae people. It interpreted these in the most mature manner on the Korean peninsula at the time.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.115-128
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• 2019

후암동은 일제강점기의 대표적인 일본인 거주지로 서울 내에 가장 많은 일본식 건물이 남아있는 공간이다. 2001년 등록문화재, 2015년 건축자산, 2018년 문화재청의 선·면 단위 문화재 등록제도가 지정되는 등 근대문화유산에 관한 관심은 높아지고 있다. 또한, 일제강점기 수탈의 기억을 떠올리게 하는 근대문화유산 보존의 필요성에 대한 논쟁이 심화되면서, 가치평가와 함께 이해관계자의 인식을 파악하는 연구가 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 후암동 일본식 건물군에 관한 이해관계자(소유자, 임대자, 방문자)의 주관적 인식유형을 확인하고, 유형별 특징을 분석, 논점을 도출하였다. 연구방법으로는 인간의 주관적 인식을 조사하여 유형화할 수 있는 통계적 기법인 Q 방법론을 활용하였다. 후암동과 근대문화유산 가치에 관한 문헌연구를 진행, 5가지 측면의 근대문화유산 가치(역사적, 건축적, 사회문화적, 경관적, 경제적 가치)를 바탕으로 Q 설문을 진행하였다. 연구결과, 일본식 건물군에 대한 3가지의 인식유형(유형1:사회문화·역사적 가치 결합형, 유형2:경제적 가치 중시형, 유형3:사회문화·경제적 가치 결합형)이 도출되었다. 이후 본 연구는 유형 간 인식 차이를 비교하여 가치충돌 지점을 발견하였다. 본 연구는 서울 중심부에 밀집된 일본식 건물군에 대하여 이해관계자들이 가지고 있는 관점에 대해 심층적으로 접근하였다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 또한, 향후 일본식 건물 밀집 지역에 대한 보존 및 활용의 기초자료 구축과 갈등 해결을 통한 지속 가능한 면적 문화유산 활용에 적용할 수 있는 이론적 틀을 제시하였다는 의의가 있다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.96-119
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• 2015

이 연구는 중국의 중세 목조건축을 대상으로 귀포(轉角鋪作)의 변천을 고찰한 것이다. 연구의 목적은 당대(唐代)부터 금대(金代)에 건축된 목조건축 중 중국정부가 전국중점문물보호단위(國保)로 지정 보호하고 있는 71동의 건물을 대상으로 귀포의 시기별 변천 양상을 살펴보고 변화요인을 파악하는데 있다. 이 연구에서는 귀포를 구성하는 좌우대(左右隊)의 다양한 결구유형에 주목하여 귀포의 변천과 전개과정을 고찰했다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 귀포의 형식 변화는 건축을 주도했던 장인들의 좌우대에 대한 인식 변화와 깊은 관련이 있다. 초기의 귀포에서는 소첨과 대첨으로 구성되는 중공조(重?造) 구성과 일두삼승(一斗三升)의 첨차 구성 원칙이 잘 유지되었으나 건축기술의 발달로 귀포의 출목부(出目部)에 귀잡이한대(말각공)와 좌우대가 결구되면서 다양한 형식이 나타났다. 초기의 귀포에서 진일보한 과도기형 귀포는 홀수 단에 놓인 좌우대의 모양에 따라 세 가지 유형으로 구분된다. 즉 귀한대에 면해 좌우대의 뺄목이 형성되지 않은 '무(無)뺄목형'(요, 북송)을 비롯한 좌우대의 뺄목이 사두(?頭)와 같은 모양인 '사두뺄목형'(북송, 금)과 좌우대의 뺄목이 소공두(小?頭)와 같은 '소공두형'(남송, 금)이 그것이다. 귀포의 후기형인 정형은 각 출목에 사두가 결구되는 유형으로 비록 요대에 형성되었지만 폭넓게 적용된 시기는 원대이후로 추정된다. 요대(遼代)에 이르러 건물의 지붕이 대형화되고 처마가 길게 돌출되는 변화가 나타나면서 하중이 집중되는 귀포를 구조적으로 보강할 필요가 생겼다. 이 시기에 처음 사용된 귀잡이한대는 귀포의 구조 보강을 위해 사용되었지만 이후 귀포의 형식 변화에 큰 영향을 미친 것으로 파악된다. 그리고 요대(遼代)에 발달한 공포재인 익형공(翼型?)은 귀포를 비롯한 건물의 공포형식이 투심조(偸心造)에서 계심조(計心造)로 변화하는데 큰 영향을 주었으며, 이와 같은 변화는 무앙계 건축을 중심으로 귀포의 정형화에 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 하지만 동시기 하앙계 건축에서는 무앙계에 비해 귀포가 '사두(?頭)뺄목형'에서 '소공두형'으로 바뀌는 변화가 서서히 일어났다. 무엇보다 귀포의 변화에 요대의 건축특성이 중요한 역할을 하였음이 주목된다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.56-73
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• 2019

본 논문은 동아시아 지역의 기와 제작 기술을 관찰함으로써 기술 양식에 대한 본격적인 논의의 필요성을 제시하려는 목적에서 작성되었다. 연구 방법은 기존의 주된 연구 자료인 발굴 성과와 그에 따른 연구방법론인 제작 흔적 분석뿐만 아니라 문헌과 전승 기술 등을 함께 살피려 노력했다. 공정 단위마다 지역별 유사성으로 기술의 권역을 설정하는 작업을 통해 도구, 공정, 인원 편성 등 기술적 요인을 중심으로 접근했다. 따라서 본고는 선행 연구 성과 토대 위에서 기술양식의 파악이 형태뿐만 아니라 문화 교류에 따른 기술의 인과성을 파악할 텍스트로서 작용 가능한지를 논증하는 실험이며, 이러한 논의를 추동하기 위한 시론(始論)이라 할 수 있다. 한국과 중국, 일본 세 나라의 기술 보유 지역을 네 개로 나누어 기와 제작 도구 및 공정을 분석하였다. 토형제작-기와성형-건정 세 공정을 주된 분석 대상으로 삼았으며 한국을 중심으로 주변 지역을 살펴보는 방식으로 진행하였다. 표면적인 현상으로는 양자강 이남과 오키나와가, 한반도 남방과 혼슈 지방이 유사한 기술의 맥을 공유하고 있었다. 그러나 제작 도구와 그에 따른 세부 공정을 유물, 교류관계와 함께 관찰하였을 때, 기와 제작 기술은 지역마다의 특수성만으로 구분할 수 있는 것이 아니었다. 공정별 세부 기법과 인원 편성 관찰은 공정 단위마다 다양한 권역 설정을 가능하게 했으며, 각 권역의 특색이 나타나는 원인과 그에 따른 결과를 추정할 단서를 제공했다. 이를 통해 각 지역의 기술적 특징을 상호 비교하고 그에 대한 원인 규명을 시도하였다. '편절 기법'은 지역이 보유한 기법에 따라서 권역은 구분되었지만, 규구준승(規矩準繩)에 따른 건축 기술에 기반한 기법이었다. 특히 타 지역들과는 다르게 중국을 중심으로 한 중 일만이 공유하던 특수하고도 고유한 제작 기법이었던 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 '타날 기법'은 기술이 전파되고 토착화되면서 다양한 방식으로 분화되는 양상을 드러냈다. 이러한 변화 양상은 기술의 문화적 다변성과 보수성을 관찰할 수 있는 기회가 되었다.