• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.11-16
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• 2016

Purpose: International efforts to save Earth's environment against global warming and environmental pollution have been made in many countries. Energy consumption of buildings has been continuously increasing, and it has been over 40% of total energy consumption in the world. Energy consumption of buildings in Korea reaches 24% of total energy consumption. So, Korea government has executed building energy rating systems to control energy consumption of buildings. Method: This study was carried out to evaluate the energy performance of apartment unit plans according to converting balconies into living areas. For the study, six types of input models were made. Two input models(SP1 and SP 2) were the standard units that balcony areas were not converted into living areas, and four ones(EP 1, EP 2, EP 3 and EP 4) were the extended unit plans that balcony areas were turned into living areas. All of them were simulated with ECO2 software to assess building energy efficiency. Result: According to the results, the energy performance of the EP 2 and EP 4 models were 21. 8% higher than SP 1 model and 9.2% higher than SP 2 model.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.391-406
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• 2014

The performance of General-Purpose computation on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) is heavily dependent on the memory access behavior. This sensitivity is due to a combination of the underlying Massively Parallel Processing (MPP) execution model present on GPUs and the lack of architectural support to handle irregular memory access patterns. Application performance can be significantly improved by applying memory-access-pattern-aware optimizations that can exploit knowledge of the characteristics of each access pattern. In this paper, we present an algorithmic methodology to semi-automatically find the best mapping of memory accesses present in serial loop nest to underlying data-parallel architectures based on a comprehensive static memory access pattern analysis. To that end we present a simple, yet powerful, mathematical model that captures all memory access pattern information present in serial data-parallel loop nests. We then show how this model is used in practice to select the most appropriate memory space for data and to search for an appropriate thread mapping and work group size from a large design space. To evaluate the effectiveness of our methodology, we report on execution speedup using selected benchmark kernels that cover a wide range of memory access patterns commonly found in GPGPU workloads. Our experimental results are reported using the industry standard heterogeneous programming language, OpenCL, targeting the NVIDIA GT200 architecture.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.133-141
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to secure an evacuation time and to ensure safety by using an Ubiquitous Sensor Network computing when a fire breaks out at a super high-rise apartment housing. A super high-rise apartment housing that is a type of building to solve the problem of separation of the urban function and the phenomenon of hollowing out downtown has been on the increase, high-rise apartment housings occupying 52.7% of whole housings in 2005. However, if a fire breaks out, there would be serious damage since it accommodates many people and facilities as existence of vertical gigantism in the city. The architectural law in force has no clause on it which is universally applicable to general building, it is difficult to be applicable to a densely super high-rise apartment housing and there would be in danger of a resident's evacuation in the fire. Therefore, as a previous study to introduce an USN-based fire-warning facility and evacuation equipment, this study shows the improvement way after analyzing factors that are barriers to evacuaee's behavior of a super high-rise apartment housing and also shows establishment of the grade of vertical evacuation rank by SimuleX, one of the best computer simulation program.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.4120-4132
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• 2017

In this research, we implement a deformable object simulation system using OpenGL's shader language, GLSL4.3. Deformable object simulation is implemented by using volumetric mass-spring system suitable for real-time simulation among the methods of deformable object simulation. The compute shader in GLSL 4.3 which helps to access the GPU resources, is used to parallelize the operations of existing deformable object simulation systems. The proposed system is implemented using a compute shader for parallel processing and it includes a bounding box-based collision detection solution. In general, the collision detection is one of severe computing bottlenecks in simulation of multiple deformable objects. In order to validate an efficiency of the system, we performed the experiments using the 3D volumetric objects. We compared the performance of multiple deformable object simulations between CPU and GPU to analyze the effectiveness of parallel processing using GLSL. Moreover, we measured the computation time of bounding box-based collision detection to show that collision detection can be processed in real-time. The experiments using 3D volumetric models with 10K faces showed the GPU-based parallel simulation improves performance by 98% over the CPU-based simulation, and the overall steps including collision detection and rendering could be processed in real-time frame rate of 218.11 FPS.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.61-68
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• 2019

The goal of the construction work in the past was to improve the efficiency through cost reduction and shortening the construction period. However, the importance of safety management has recently been emphasized, and the Ministry of Employment and Labor has set a goal of reducing the number of deaths caused by industrial accidents by half. As a result, institutional and legal improvements are pursued and the need for safety is emphasized. However, most construction companies, except for some large construction companies, are lacking in safety management. So, In this paper, we design and implement a safety management system for construction site using smart helmets and beacons.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.191-202
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• 2021

In an Internet of Things (IoT)-configured system, each device executes on-chip software. Recent IoT devices require fast execution time of complex services, such as analyzing a large amount of data, while maintaining low-power computation. As service complexity increases, the service requires high-performance computing and more space for embedded space. However, the low performance of IoT edge devices and their small memory size can hinder the complex and diverse operations of IoT services. In this paper, we propose a remote on-demand software code execution unit using the cloudification of on-chip code memory to accelerate the program execution of an IoT edge device with a low-performance processor. We propose a simulation approach to distribute remote code executed on the server side and on the edge side according to the program's computational and communicational needs. Our on-demand remote code execution unit simulation platform, which includes an instruction set simulator based on 16-bit ARM Thumb instruction set architecture, successfully emulates the architectural behavior of on-chip flash memory, enabling embedded devices to accelerate and execute software using remote execution code in the IoT environment.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.532-536
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• 2015

This paper presents an automated computer vision-based system to update BIM data by leveraging multi-modal visual data collected from existing buildings under inspection. Currently, visual inspections are conducted for building envelopes or mechanical systems, and auditors analyze energy-related contextual information to examine if their performance is maintained as expected by the design. By translating 3D surface thermal profiles into energy performance metrics such as actual R-values at point-level and by mapping such properties to the associated BIM elements using XML Document Object Model (DOM), the proposed method shortens the energy performance modeling gap between the architectural information in the as-designed BIM and the as-is building condition, which improve the reliability of building energy analysis. The experimental results on existing buildings show that (1) the point-level thermography-based thermal resistance measurement can be automatically matched with the associated BIM elements; and (2) their corresponding thermal properties are automatically updated in gbXML schema. This paper provides practitioners with insight to uncover the fundamentals of how multi-modal visual data can be used to improve the accuracy of building energy modeling for retrofit analysis. Open research challenges and lessons learned from real-world case studies are discussed in detail.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.469-479
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• 2023

A probabilistic seismic damage analysis is an essential procedure to identify seismically vulnerable structures, prioritize the seismic retrofit, and ultimately minimize the overall seismic risk. To assess the seismic risk of multiple structures within a region, a large number of nonlinear time-history structural analyses must be conducted and studied. As a result, each assessment requires high computing resources. To overcome this limitation, we explore a deep learning-based metamodel to enable the prediction of the mean and the standard deviation of the seismic damage distribution of track-on steel-plate girder railway bridges in Korea considering the geometric variation. For machine learning training, nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses are performed to generate 800 high-fidelity datasets on the seismic response. Through intensive trial and error, the study is concentrated on developing an optimal machine learning architecture with the pre-identified variables of the physical configuration of the bridge. Additionally, the prediction performance of the proposed method is compared with a previous, well-defined, response surface model. Finally, the statistical testing results indicate that the overall performance of the deep-learning model is improved compared to the response surface model, as its errors are reduced by as much as 61%. In conclusion, the model proposed in this study can be effectively deployed for the seismic fragility and risk assessment of a region with a large number of structures.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.54-69
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• 2021

In 2020, civilized society's overall lifestyle showed a distinct change from consumable analog media, such as paper, to digital media with the increased penetration of cloud computing, and from wired media to wireless media. Based on these social changes, this work examines whether the use of computer media in the field of landscape architecture is appropriately applied. This study will give directions for new computer media classes in landscape architectural education in the 4th Industrial Revolution era. Landscape architecture is a field that directly proposes the realization of a positive lifestyle and the creation of a living environment and is closely connected with social change. However, there is no clear evidence that landscape architectural education is making any visible change, while the digital infrastructure of the 4th Industrial Revolution, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data, autonomous vehicles, cloud networks, and the Internet of Things, is changing the contemporary society in terms of technology, culture, and economy among other aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to review the current state of the use of computer technology and media in landscape architectural education, and also to examine the alternative direction of the curriculum for the new digital era. First, the basis for discussion was made by studying the trends of computational design in modern landscape architecture. Next, the changes and current status of computer media classes in domestic and overseas landscape education were analyzed based on prior research and curriculum. As a result, the number and the types of computer media classes increased significantly between the study in 1994 and the current situation in 2020 in the foreign landscape department, whereas there were no obvious changes in the domestic landscape department. This shows that the domestic landscape education is passively coping with the changes in the digital era. Lastly, based on the discussions, this study examined alternatives to the new curriculum that landscape architecture department should pursue in a new degital world.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.29-36
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• 2017

In these days, 3D dynamic simulation is closely related to many industries. In the past, physically-based 3D simulation was used mainly in the car crash or construction related fields, but it also plays an important role in movies or games today. Many mathematical computations are needed to represent the 3D object realistically, but it is difficult to process a large amount of calculations for simulation of application based on CPU in real-time. Recently, with the advanced graphic hardware and improved architecture, GPU can be utilized for the general purposes of computation function as well as graphic computation. Many approaches using GPU have been applied for various research fields. In this paper, we analyze the performance variation of two cloth simulation algorithms based on GPU according to the change of execution properties of GPU shaders in oder to optimize the performance of GPU-based cloth simulation. Cloth simulation is implemented by the spring centric algorithm and node centric algorithm with GPU parallel computing using compute shader of GLSL 4.3. We compare the performance of between these algorithms according to the change of the size and dimension of work group. The experiment is repeated to 10 times during 5,000 frames for each test and experimental results are provided by averaging of FPS. The experimental result shows that the node centric algorithm is executed in higher speed than the spring centric algorithm.