• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.256-267
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• 2017

Objective: To evaluate transverse skeletal and dental changes, including those in the buccolingual dental axis, between patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry after bilateral intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy with and without presurgical orthodontic treatment. Methods: This retrospective study included 29 patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry including menton deviation > 4 mm from the midsagittal plane. To evaluate changes in transverse skeletal and dental variables (i.e., buccolingual inclination of the upper and lower canines and first molars), the data for 16 patients who underwent conventional orthognathic surgery (CS) were compared with those for 13 patients who underwent preorthodontic orthognathic surgery (POGS), using three-dimensional computed tomography at initial examination, 1 month before surgery, and at 7 days and 1 year after surgery. Results: The 1-year postsurgical examination revealed no significant changes in the postoperative transverse dental axis in the CS group. In the POGS group, the upper first molar inclined lingually on both sides (deviated side, $-1.8^{\circ}{\pm}2.8^{\circ}$, p = 0.044; nondeviated side, $-3.7^{\circ}{\pm}3.3^{\circ}$, p = 0.001) and the lower canine inclined lingually on the nondeviated side ($4.0^{\circ}{\pm}5.4^{\circ}$, p = 0.022) during postsurgical orthodontic treatment. There were no significant differences in the skeletal and dental variables between the two groups at 1 year after surgery. Conclusions: POGS may be a clinically acceptable alternative to CS as a treatment to achieve stable transverse axes of the dentition in both arches in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.7-26
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is the study on the architectural characteristics revived from the roman architecture, focused on the early renaissance architecture building. The results of study are as follow: 1. The composition system of Domus which is formed of urban house in the Roman period is presented by spatial arrangement of palace architecture centering around atrium in the Renaissance period. Thus plan type of Domus is used by atrium from which is composed of peristyle from the palace and villa in the Renaissance period. 2. The circular temple in the Roman period is composed of element such as podium, stair, peristyle centering around the basic circular plan. Bramante planed to revive above elements for the Tempietto to concept from the circular temple in the Roman period. 3. The triumphal arch in the Roman period is strong monument to the independent building in the city, but thus arch is used of church facade as the important example which is composed with building elevation in the Renaissance period. 4. The composition system and element of Roman temple which is planned to rectangular plan is composed of high podium, stair, portico, prostyle and pediment. The facade plan of church is used by the partial elements and total elements perfectly from the temple in the Roman period. 5. The linearly successive and repetitive composition which is composition system and element of aqueduct arches of same dimension shows to the palace facade, arcade for gallery space and side elevation plan of S.Fracesco church. 6. Such as background of Colloseum, Rucellai palace can be called good example which is created by the new architectural form to the creative starting point from the classical architecture from.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.553-560
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• 2008

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Proximal contact plays an important role in the stability and maintenance of the integrity of the dental arches. However, it is difficult to evaluate quantitatively the tightness of proximal tooth contact (TPTC). PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to measure the TPTC in permanent dentition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten young adult volunteers with healthy dentition participated in this experiment. The TPTC between the teeth of both the maxilla and the mandible was measured at rest state by a novel device which records the TPTC by pulling of a stainless steel strip (0.03 mm thick) using the electric motor. One-way ANOVA test was used to compare the values in all measured area. When a statistically significant difference was calculated, Bonferroni correction was applied. Independent samples t-test was used to compare the values in male and female. RESULTS: The lowest TPTC and the highest TPTC was measured between the lower central incisors (0.87 ${\pm}$ 0.20 N), and between the lower left first molar and second molar (1.99 ${\pm}$ 0.68 N), respectively. All TPTC per quadrant demonstrated a similar pattern of a continuous increased gradient in an anterior-posterior direction. There are no significant difference between the maxilla and mandible. CONCLUSION: The TPTC was measured quantitatively by a novel device and decreased progressively in a posterior-anterior direction.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.39-52
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• 1993

비대칭단면(非對稱斷面)을 갖는 박벽공간(薄壁空間)뼈대와 원형(圓形)아아치의 휨-비틂 좌굴해석(挫屈解析)을 수행하기 위하여, 가상(假想)일의 원리(原理)를 이용한 공간(空間)뼈대요소(要素)의 접선강도(接線剛度)매트릭스가 유도(誘導)된다. 양단(兩端) 구속(狗束)된 비틂을 무시(無視)하는 경우와 구속(狗束)된 비틂을 고려(考慮)하는 경우 각각에 대하여 semitangential rotation and moment에 대응(對應)하는 박벽공간(薄壁空間) 뼈대요소(要素)의 탄성(彈性) 및 기하적(幾何的)인 강도(剛度)매트릭스를 산정한다. 이 때, 휨을 받는 평면(平面)보의 처짐함수를 공간(空間) 뼈대요소(要素)의 축방향(軸方向) 및 횡방향(橫方向) 처짐과 비틂회전각에 대한 형상함수(形狀函數)로 사용한다. 순수휨과 균일한 압축력을 받는 도형(圖形)아아치의 횡좌굴문제(橫挫屈問題)를 해석(解析)하여 본(本) 연구(硏究)에 의한 해석결과(解析結果)과 문헌(文獻)의 엄밀해(嚴密解)에 의한 결과들을 비교(比較), 분석(分析)하여 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 제시한 이론(理論)의 정당성(正當性)을 입증(立證)한다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.216-220
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• 1996

Drosophila simulans와 D. mauritiana는 동일 subgroup에 속하는 동포종으로, 전자는 전세계 분포종이며, 후자는 Mauritius 섬에만 서식하는 지역종이다. D. simulans의 성즐(sex comb)은 약 9.83개의 치열로 구성되어 있으며, D, mauritiana의 성즐 치열수는 약 12.90개 정도이다. D. simulans의 생식궁(genital arch)은 큰 반월형이며, D. mauritiana는 가는 막대형이다. 두 종간 성즐의 치열수와 생식궁의 형태적 차이에 미치는 X 염색체의 효과를 알아보기 위한 유전적 분석을 실시하였으며, 이를 위하여 X 염색체상 돌연변이 유전자들을 가지는 D. simulans 계통과 정상의 D. mauritiana 사이의 잡종 {TEX}$F_{1}${/TEX}을 부모계통과 역교배를 실시하여 얻은 자손들을 대상으로 상기 두가지 형질의 분석을 실시하였다. F1의 성즐 치열수는 평균 11.79개 정도였으며, 외부생식기의 일반적인 형태는 D. simulans와 D. mauritiana의 중간형이었다. 성즐의 치열수와 외부생식기의 주요 특징분석에서 X 염색체 효과에 따른 유의적인 차이는 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2001

Objectives : The prescription of Semyung-Gangji-tang, designed for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, consists of herbs good for treating blood stasis and phlegm stagnancy. It invigorates the liver, kidneys and spleen. Its medical nature is not too cold or too hot and increases human vital energy. The purpose of this study is to examine the curative effects of Semyung-Gangji-tang on atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Methods : Twenty-four male NZW rabbits, around 2kg of body weight, were divided into 4 groups. Group I served as the normal group. Group II served as the atherogenic model group, fed a 1 % cholesterol diet for 8 weeks and sacrificed. Group III served as the atherogenic control group, fed with a 1 % cholesterol diet for 8 weeks and with a normal diet for the next 4 weeks. Group IV served as the treatment group treated the same as the control group and medicated with Semyung-Gangji-tang for the last 4 weeks. Three animals of group I and six animals of group n were sacrificed at 8 weeks. Five animals of group I , five animals of group III and IV were sacrificed at 12 weeks. Pathological examinations and image analysis were performed on the collected tissue samples. Results : The percentage of lipid deposition area of thoracic aortas of group IV($41.74{\pm}8.93%$) at 12 weeks was decreased compared with the group III ($71.30{\pm}12.74%$) at 12 weeks, but a statistical difference was not observed. The percentage of group IV at 12 weeks was significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared with the group n ($76.41{\pm}7.43%$) at 8 weeks. Histopathologically, advanced atheromas with calcification of aortic arches were observed in all animals of the control group at 12 weeks, but were observed in 2 animals of the treatment group at 12 weeks. Histopathologically, atheromas with calcification of thoracic aortas were observed with major atherogenic lesions in control group at 12 weeks, but simple fibro-fatty streaks were observed major atherogenic lesions in treatment group at 12 weeks. Conclusions : These results indicate that Semyung-Gangji-tang has antiatherogenic effects on experimentally induced atherosclerosis in rabbits.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.236-244
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate three-dimensional molar displacement after distalization via miniscrews and a horizontal modification of the trans-palatal-arch (TPA). Methods: The subjects in this clinical trial were 26 Class II patients. After the preparation of a complete set of diagnostic records, miniscrews were inserted between the maxillary 2nd premolar and 1st molar on the palatal side. Elastic modules connected to the TPA exerting an average force of 150-200 g/side parallel to the occlusal plane were applied. Cone-beam computed tomography was utilized to evaluate the position of the miniscrews relative to the adjacent teeth and maxillary sinus, and the direction of force relative to molar furcation. The distances from the central point of the incisive papilla to the mesiopalatal cusps of the 1st maxillary molars and the distances between the mesiopalatal cusps of the left and right molars were measured to evaluate displacement of the maxillary molars on the horizontal plane. Interocclusal space was used to evaluate vertical changes. Results: Mean maxillary 1st molar distalization was $2.3{\pm}1.1mm$, at a rate of $0.4{\pm}0.2mm/month$, and rotation was not significant. Intermolar width increased by $2.9{\pm}1.8mm$. Molars were intruded relative to the neighboring teeth, from 0.1 to 0.8 mm. Conclusions: Distalization of molars was possible without extrusion, using the appliance investigated. The intrusive component of force reduced the rate of distal movement.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2007

This study was to understand the component that affects the formative beauty and to present the direction of bridge design for improving the image of urban landscape to survey the visual effect and landscape Preference by the change of bridge type. The results of this study are as follows. In the results of image analysis by bridge types, the images of one-arch bridges are unique and interesting, whereas more than two successive arched bridge were harmonize, stable, consecutive and regular. In the case of the arch rib, braced-rib arch bridge was assessed that complicated, diverse and interesting more than solid-rib arch bridge. The results of factor analysis on the psychological factor were classified into three categories: orderliness, aesthetic and symbolism. In the results of analysis on psychological factors by bridge types, the orderliness and symbolism were different in the position of path, and the number of arches, too. In case of arch rib, symbolism was different. In the preference analysis, they showed a sensitive reaction in the background of building. In the results of the relativity preference and psychological factor, according to aesthetic, symbolism and orderliness, there was an effect on the background of building. And, there showed the high effect in order of aesthetic, orderliness and symbolism in the background of mountain and building. This study should be objective raw data of the arch bridge design for improving the urban landscape. In the future, aesthetic variables like colors or textures should be considered for more exact evaluation.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1985

아치의 미소요소(微小要素)에 작용(作用)하는 합응력(合應力)들의 평형방정식(平衡方程式)과 D'Alembert의 원리(原理)를 이용(利用)하여 회전관성(回轉慣性)을 고려(考慮)한 포물선(抛物線)아치의 자유진동(自由振動)에 대한 미분방정식(微分方程式)을 유도(誘導)하였다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 유도(誘導)한 미분방정식(微分方程式)을 검증(檢證)하기 위하여 포물선(抛物線)아치의 미분방정식(微分方程式)을 보의 미분방정식(微分方程式)으로 수렴(收斂)시킨 결과(結果), 포물선(抛物線)아치의 미분방정식(微分方程式)이 보의 미분방정식(微分方程式)으로 수렴(收斂)되는 것을 보였다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 유도(誘導)한 미분방정식(微分方程式)을 시행착오적(試行錯誤的) 고유치문제(固有値問題)와 Runge-Kutta method를 이용(利用)하여 수치해석(數値解析)하였으며, 본(本) 연구(硏究)의 수치해석(數値解析) 결과(結果)와 SAP IV의 결과(結果)가 잘 일치(一致)함을 보였다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.84-87
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• 2011

Branchio-otic syndrome(BOS) is a relatively uncommon genetic malformation associated with dysmorphogenesis of the first and second branchial arches and is characterized by branchial fistulae, congenital preauricular fistulae, and anomalies of the pinnae, external, middle, and inner ears, accompanied by hearing loss. Recently, we experienced a case of BOS in a 10 years old female patient and report this case with a review of literature. 10-year-old girl presented with hearing impairment, bilateral preauricular fistula and cervical fistula. The pure tone audiometry revealed that she had 60dB sensorineural hearing loss on right side and 90dB mixed hearing loss on left. Bilateral branchial fistula was found on the neck CT scan and bilateral ossicular and cochlear abnormality combined with enlarged internal auditory canal was noted on the temporal bone CT scan. To investigate the association with EYA1 gene, we performed DNA sequncing with peripheral white blood cell and found the point mutations on Exon 7, 12 and 16 of EYA1 gene. The preauricular fistula and branchial fistula was excised surgically and hearing aid was applied on her left side. There was no sign of fistula recurrence for seven years after the surgery.