• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2000

The genome of Hantaan virus, the prototype of the hantavirus genus, is composed of three segmented, single stranded negative sense RNA genome. The 5' and 3' termini of the Hantaan virus RNA genome contain noncoding regions (NCRs) that are highly conserved and complementary to form panhandle structures. There are some reports that these NCRs seems to control gene expression and viral replication in influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus. In this study, we examined whether NCRs in Hantaan virus playa role in expression of the viral nucleocapsid protein (Np) and foreign (luciferase) gene. The 5' and/or 3' NCR-deleted mutants were constructed and analysed. The Np expression of 5' NCR-deleted clone was similar to that of the clone containing full S genome. In the case of 3' NCR-deleted clone, it showed 40% reduction. To investigate the role of NCR in foreign gene expression, the clones which are replaced ORF of Hantaan viral Np gene with that of luciferase gene were constructed. The results were similar to those of the experiments using Np gene. These results suggest that 3' NCR is more important than 5' NCR in protein expression. To find out a critical region of 3' NCR in protein expression, several clones with a deleted part of 3' NCR were constructed and analyzed. The deletion of the conserved region in 3' NCR showed $20{\sim}30%$ decrease in Np expression. However there were no change in luciferase activities between clones with or without non-conserved region of 3' NCR. These results suggest that the 3' NCR of Hantaan virus S genome, especially conserved region in 3' NCR, plays an important role in the expression of Hantaan viral Np and foreign genes.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.197-207
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• 1997

To investigate the NS4 region of JEV, NS4 cDNA of K94P05 (JEV strain isolated from Korea in 1994) was amplified by RT-PCR and analyzed by sequencing PCR product. Genomic size of NS4 was 1212bp and nucleotide sequence was compared with that of other JEV strains. Nucleotide homology between JaOAr582 and K94P05 was 91.1% and that between Beijing and K94P05 was 89.8%, respectively. But the nucleotide sequence of E region of JaOAr582 and K94P05 showed 97.0% homology and that of Beijing and K94P05 did 95.8% homology. NS4 protein was expressed as a form of fusion protein by a prokaryotic expression system. The induced fusion product showed a lower molecular weight than predicted size and remained insoluble. The NS4 protein might be cleavaged by E. coli protease. Concluding above results, high hydrophobicity of the NS4 protein supported the fact that this protein played a role as a membrane component and the poor nucleotide sequence conservativity among JEV strains suggested that this region might be important to adapt each viral growth environment.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.477-485
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• 2018

Arthropod-borne viruses (Arboviruses) are transmitted by arthropods such as Culicoides biting midges and cause abortion, stillbirth, and congenital malformation in ruminants, apparently leading to economic losses to farmers. To monitor the distribution of Culicoides and to determine their relationship with different environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, wind speed, and altitude of the farms) on 5 cattle farms, Culicoides were collected during summer season (May-September) in 2016 and 2017, and analyzed for identification of species and detection of arboviruses. About 35% of the Culicoides were collected in July and the collection rate increased with increase in temperature and humidity. The higher altitude where the farms were located, the more Culicoides were collected on inside than outside. In antigen test of Culicoides against 5 arboviruses, only Chuzan virus (CHUV) (2.63%) was detected in 2016. The Akabane virus (AKAV), CHUV, Ibaraki virus and Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) had a positive rate of less than 1.8% in 2017. In antigen test of bovine whole blood, AKAV (12.96%) and BEFV (0.96%) were positive in only one of the farms. As a result of serum neutralization test, antibodies against AKAV were generally measured in all the farms. These results suggest that vaccination before the season in which the Culicoides are active is probably best to prevent arbovirus infections.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.632-643
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• 2019

최근 지구 기후의 변화, 해외 여행객의 증가 및 국가 간 물류 이동의 증가 등과 같은 요인으로 인해 모기와 같은 절지동물이 매개하는 아보바이러스(arthropod-borne virus, arbovirus) 감염으로 인한 대규모의 피해가 전 세계적으로 끊임없이 발생하고 있다. 그 중에서도 플라비바이러스 속에 해당하는 지카 바이러스와 뎅기바이러스에 의한 피해가 대표적이다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 생물정보학 데이터베이스를 바탕으로 지카 바이러스 및 뎅기 바이러스가 숙주 감염에 필수적인 기능을 수행하는 외피 단백질에 대한 심층적인 분석을 수행했다. 외피 단백질을 구성하는 도메인들에 대한 분석을 통해 도메인의 종류, 위치 및 기능을 파악했으며 각 도메인별 상동성을 분석했다. 이로부터 낮은 상동성을 보이는 도메인인 EDIII를 도출하였으며, EDIII를 구성하는 펩타이드에 대한 상동성 및 면역원성 분석과 3차원 구조 모델링을 수행했다. 더 나아가 이들이 갖는 생물학적 의미와 활용 방안에 대해 논의했다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2013

목적: 일본뇌염 백신의 면역원성 및 중화항체 지속률을 평가하여 일본뇌염 예방 사업을 위한 토대를 제공하고자 하였다. 방법: 국내 6개 대학병원에 입원한 2-6세의 어린이 중 기초접종력이 확인된 170명을 대상으로 기초접종 완료 경과 기간에 따른 중화항체가를 조사하였다. 결과: 총 170명 중 불활성화 백신 접종군 103명, 생백신 접종군 64명, 교차접종군 3명이었다. 항체검사까지의 기간은 불활성화 백신 17.5개월, 생백신 21.0개월이었고 모두 일본뇌염 방어가 가능한 항체가를 보여 불활성화 백신 322, 생백신 266이었다. 추가접종 후 항체역가 변화는 1-4개월에 가장 높았고 이후 서서히 떨어지는 경향을 보였다. 결론: 불활성화 백신과 생백신의 면역원성과 중화항체 지속률에는 차이가 없고 두 백신 모두 일본뇌염 예방을 위한 적절한 수준의 면역원성을 갖고 있었다. 향후 대규모 표본을 대상으로 더 많은 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.123-136
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• 1971

이 실험(實驗)은 계혈청(鷄血淸)에 들어 있는 뇌염(腦炎)바이러스에 대한 비특이억제물질(非特異抑制物質)(NSI)의 성상(性狀)과 이의 Acetone-ether와 Kaolin 처리(處理)에 의한 NSI의 제거효력(除去效力)등을 Gel filtration 및 Zonal Centrifugation technique를 이용하여 시험 하였다. 그 결과(結果) (1) 계혈청(鷄血淸)에 들어 있는 비특이 억제물질은 Group A arbovirus 보다 Group B arbovirus에 대하여 더 예민하였다. (2) 연령(年齡)에 의한 NSI의 역가(力價)차이는 없었다. (3) NSI를 제거(除去)하기 위한 Acetone-ether 및 Kaolin 처리는 그 효력면에서 차이가 없었다. (4) 계혈청(鷄血淸)을 일정한 온도(溫度)로 가열(加熱)하면 NSI의 역가(力價)가 상승(上昇) 하였다. (5) NSI의 성분(成分)은 Gel filtraction에서 주로 첫 Peak (IgM)에 있었고, Zonal Centrifugation에서는 원심관의 상층(上層)에 있는 것으로 보아, 이것은 분자량(分子量)은 크고 Density는 낮은 지질단백(脂質蛋白)으로 생각된다. (6) 거위 적혈구에 대한 응집소(NA)는 acetone-ether 처리에 의하여 부분적(部分的)으로 파괴 되었으나 Kaolin 처리에서는 그렇지 못하였고, 10% 거위혈구액으로써 완전 제거할 수 있었다. (7) NA는 Gel filtration 및 Zonal Centrifugation에서 첫 peak (IgM)에 나타났다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.29.1-29.6
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• 2021

West Nile virus (WNV), a neurotropic arbovirus, has been detected in mosquitos, birds, wildlife, horses, and humans in Malaysia, but limited information is available on WNV infection in Malaysian pigs. We tested 80 archived swine serum samples for the presence of WNV antibody and West Nile (WN) viral RNA using ID Screen West Nile Competition Multi-species enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and WNV-specific primers in reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays, respectively. A WNV seroprevalence of 62.5% (50/80) at 95% confidence interval (51.6%-72.3%) was recorded, with a significantly higher seroprevalence among young pigs (weaner and grower) and pigs from south Malaysia. One sample was positive for Japanese encephalitis virus antibodies; WN viral RNA was not detected in any of the serum samples.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2018

Purpose: We aimed to study the pattern of liver-injury in children with dengue fever (DF) and validate serum aminotransferase ${\geq}1,000IU/L$ as a marker of severe DF. Methods: Children admitted with DF were included. DF was defined by presence of clinical criteria and positive serological or antigen tests in absence of other etiology. DF severity was graded as dengue without or with warning signs and severe dengue. Liver-injury was defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) more than twice the upper limit of normal (boys, 30 IU/L; girls, 21 IU/L). Results: Of 372 children with DF, 144 (38.7%) had liver-injury. Risk of liver-injury and aminotransferase levels increased with DF severity (p<0.001). Recommended ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) cut-off at ${\geq}1,000IU/L$ had sensitivity 4.8% (5/105), specificity 99.3% (265/267) for detection of severe DF. In children with ALT and AST <1,000 IU/L (n=365), the area under receiver operating curves for prediction for severe DF, were 0.651 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.588-0.714; p<0.001) for ALT and 0.647 (95% CI, 0.582-0.712; p<0.001) for AST. Serum ALT at 376 IU/L and AST at 635 IU/L had sensitivity and specificity comparable to ${\geq}1,000IU/L$ for defining severe DF. Conclusion: Liver-injury is common in DF. The ALT and AST levels increase with DF severity. ALT and AST levels of ${\geq}1,000IU/L$ could be lowered to 376 IU/L and 635 IU/L respectively for defining severe DF.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.19.1-19.6
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• 2022

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Akabane virus (AKAV) are mosquito-borne viruses that cause encephalitis and reproductive disorders in horses and cattle, respectively. There is no treatment for JEV or AKAV infections in animals. Therefore, we evaluated the antiviral activity of 18-mer amphipathic peptides in the 1b-4/21-C series on JEV and AKAV using Vero cells in vitro and evaluated their effects on JEV in mice. Of 6 peptides, 1b-4/21-C12 had the lowest IC₅₀ of 0.313 against JEV and its use as an antiviral against JEV and AKAV was examined. The IC₅₀ of 1b-4/21-C12 against JEV and AKAV was 0.78 and 1.14 µM, respectively. Mice treated with 5 or 2 mg/kg of 1b-4/21-C12 had 32% and 16% survival rates, respectively, and the surviving mice treated with 1b-4/21-C12 began to gain weight beginning 8 days post challenge with the virulent Nakayama strain. Moreover, 20 µM 1b-4/21-C peptide had no cytotoxic effects on Vero cells. Our in vitro and in vivo results indicate that 1b-4/21-C12 has antiviral activity against enveloped JEV and AKAV and might be useful as a therapeutic substance.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2000

Hantaviruses are etiologic agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the world. Various hantaviruses were isolated from HFRS patients and several different rodent species in the world. Four hantavirus isolates from Indonesia and three isolates from Thailand among 89 Bandicotas captured in Yogyakarta, east region of Sumatra island, Indonesia and at Chiang Mai in Thailand during 1996 were made through several passages in Vero E6 cells. Viral genome M segment from two Indonesian isolates and three Thailand isolates were amplified using hantavirus generic primers of the M segment and cloned into pCRII vector. The genetic differences were analyzed by comparison of partial sequence of the M segment and antigenic differences were made by IFA. Nucleotide sequence homology of two isolates BC 8, BC 34 from Indonesia and two isolates thai 1322, thai 1330 to Seoul virus was 99% and 96%, respectively, but Thai 1164 was 80%Thai 1164 strain has shown 95% homology to Thai 749 virus. In conclusion it is indicated that two different serotype hantaviruses, Seoul and Thailand, are cocirculating among Bandicota in Thailand, in contrast Seoul serotype virus is circulating in Indonesia.