• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1141-1146
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of arabinoxylan rice bran and endurance exercise training on TLR4 mediated protein expression in LPS-treated rats. The results showed that TLR4 as an important protein in the inflammatory response against lipopolysaccharide was shown to be significantly lower in both arabinoxylan supplement with exercise group and exercise group, thus the arabinoxylan rice bran had a higher inhibitory activity than arabinoxylan supplement group. However, $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MyD88 protein expression was not changed in arabinoxylan supplement with exercise training group, whereas $NF-{\kappa}B$ significantly decreased in 4 weeks of exercise training group. These results suggest that the supplement of arabinoxylan rice bran with exercise is likely to contribute to inflammation response and the arabinoxylan rice bran can be used as a possible safe alternative to the immunotherapeutic intervention.

• Journal of Food and Nutrition Research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2021

Functional food ingredients from natural sources are gaining popularity for treating chronic inflammation associated with metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, and obesity) due to their lower toxicity and no severe side effects. Pigmented rice is a natural food source in Korea commonly consumed in the whole grain form to improve the immune system. In particular, pigmented rice bran contains various nutritional components involved in the immune benefits. Of many nutrients in pigmented rice bran, anthocyanins, gamma-oryzanol, and arabinoxylan have notably shown to enhance natural killer cell activity and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines. Especially, pigmented rice has higher amounts of anthocyanins and gamma-oryzanol than white rice. In this review, to provide further insight into the immune effects of the pigmented rice, we have focused on the immune benefits of bioactive substances (e.g., anthocyanins, gamma-oryzanol, and arabinoxylan) from pigmented rice compared to white rice. The pigmented rice has potential effects on immunity, and it can be used as a functional food.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2012

아라비녹실레인은 발효 유색미 겨에서 추출한 수용성 식이섬유로서 항산화 기능 면역증진 및 염증억제 효과 등이 밝혀져 있다. 이 연구에서는 천연식품소재로서 생체기능성 효과가 우수한 것으로 알려진 아라비녹실레인의 면역기능 및 염증억제 효과를 평가하였다. 이를 위해 흰 쥐를 대상으로 4주간 시료 투여와 운동트레이닝의 효과를 함께 비교하였으며 lipopolysaccharide를 이용하여 염증반응을 유발하였다. 연구 결과에서, 아라비녹실레인 투여에 의한 염증 억제효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 염증반응의 대표적인 지표인 tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)와 interleukin-6 (IL-6)의 활성은 아라비녹실레인의 투여 집단에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며 운동트레이닝 집단이 가장 높게 나타났다. 특히 아라비녹실레인을 섭취하면서 운동을 실시한 집단에서 IL-6와 TNF-${\alpha}$의 염증 활성이 운동트레이닝만을 실시한 집단에 비해 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서, 유색미 겨에서 유도된 아라비녹실레인은 운동과 병행하지 않는 단독투여만으로 염증 반응 시 발현되는 대표적인 사이토카인들의 활성을 억제하는 효과를 나타냄으로써 질병예방 및 면역기능증진을 위한 기능성 천연물로서 적용될 수 있는 유효한 가능성을 시사하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.204-211
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• 2015

새만금 갯벌로부터 xylan과 locust bean gum (LBG)을 분해하는 미생물을 분리하여 그 생화학적 특성과 16S rRNA 서열을 조사한 결과 Bacillus subtilis로 확인되었다. 분리균 YB-30은 konjac이나 LBG가 존재한 상태에서 배양할 경우 mannanase의 생산성이 급격하게 증가되며, 밀기울이 존재하에서는 xylanase의 생산성이 증가되였다. Konjac (3.5%)과 밀기울(1%)이 동시에 첨가된 배지에서 균의 성장이 정지기에 진입하였을 때 mannanase와 xylanase의 생산성이 최고 수준에 도달하였다. 배양상등액의 mannanase와 xylanase는 60℃와 pH 6.0, 55℃와 pH 5.5에서 각각 최대 활성을 보였다. 고온에서는 두 효소 모두 안정하지는 않았으며 xylanase가 mannanase보다 안정성이 낮았다. 밀기울은 쌀기울보다 많은 양의 arabinoxylan을 함유하고 있으므로 배양상등액으로 분해하였을 때 밀기울로부터 생성되는 환원당의 양이 더 많은 것으로 확인되었으며, 이로 보아 B. subtilis YB-30에 의해 생산되는 xylanase와 mannanase는 사료첨가용 효소로 활용 가능성이 높다고 여겨진다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.479-486
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• 2005

Arabinoxylan, a complex polysaccharide in cereal cell walls, has recently received research attention as a biological response modifier. The immunomodulating effect of arabinoxylans from rice bran (AXrb) was studied using a combined process of extrusion and commercial hemicellulase treatment in order to elucidate the augmentation mechanism of cell-mediated immunity in vitro. The cytotoxicity of mouse spleen lymphocytes against YAC-1 tumor cells was significantly enhanced by treatment with AXrb at $10-100\;{\mu}g/mL$. In an attempt to investigate the mechanism by which AXrb enhance NK cytotoxicity, we examined the effect of AXrb on cytokine production by spleen lymphocytes. Culture supernatants of the cells incubated with AXrb were collected and analyzed for IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ synthesis by ELISA. IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ production were increased significantly. These results suggest that AXrb may induce Th1 immune responses. Macrophages play an important role in host defenses against tumors by killing them and producing secretory products, which protect against bacterial, viral infection and malignant cell growth. AXrb were examined for their ability to induce secretory and cellular responses in murine peritoneal macrophages. When macrophages were treated with various concentrations ($10-100\;{\mu}g/mL$) of AXrb, AXrb induced tumoricidal activity, as well as increasing phagocytosis and the production of NO, $H_2O_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6. These results indicate that reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and inflammatory cytokines are likely to be the major mediators of tumoricidal activity in AXrb-treated macrophages. Therefore, AXrb may be useful in cancer immunotherapy and it is anticipated that AXrb obtained using extrusion and subsequent enzyme treatment can be used as an ingredient in nutraceuticals and cereal-based functional food.