• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제51권6호
• /
• pp.673-681
• /
• 2018

We isolated and characterized Escherichia coli (E. coli) from oyster Crassostrea gigas and inland pollution sources on Yongnam-Gwangdo island and neighboring areas on the southern coast of Korea in 2014-2015. A total of 222 strains of E. coli were isolated from 132 oysters and 88 samples from inland pollution sources. These 222 isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 24 antimicrobial agents, and 221 isolates were found resistant to the tested antibiotics. Of these 99.5% and 70.7% of the isolates showed very high resistance to rifampin and cephalothin respectively, followed by tobramycin (23.4%), streptomycin (20.2%), tetracycline (19.4%), cefepime (18.9%), ceftazidime (18.9%) and nalidixic acid (16.7%). The resistance rate of E. coli isolated from oysters was higher than that from inland pollution sources. In addition, multiple resistance to at least four antibiotics were present in 73.2% and 26.5% of E. coli isolates from oysters and inland pollution source samples, respectively.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.239-251
• /
• 1992

골프장에서 사용하는 농약에의한 오염 정도에 대해 많은 논쟁이 되고 있다. 이의 연구를 위해 기존의 골프장과 관련된 저수지와 하류수계에 대해 6개월 간에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 그중엔 부영양화에 관련된 수질항목들, 중금속, 농약, 그리고 수중 생태계 등의 전반적인 수질의 결과를 조사수계에 속한 골프장과 관련지어 분석하였다. 골프장으로부터 유출된 농약등의 오염이 조사수계의 수중 생태계에 미치는 영향은 심각한 정도가 아닌 것으로 나타났다. 골프장으로부터 유출되는 잔류농약의 분해를 돕기 위한 댐내에서는 수중 생태계가 잘 보전 돼있었고 전형적인 먹이의 연쇄가 확립돼 있었다. 일반적인 인식과는 달리 가축 축사와 논으로부터 유출되는 오염이 수계에 훨씬 더 약 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.167-171
• /
• 1999

This study was designed to develop biomarkers of coastal pollution using biochemical indices of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) by changes in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the serum and cholinesterase activities in brain membranes. For this purpose acetylcholiesterase (AChE) activity, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity, LDH/AChE ratio and LDH/BChE ratio of cultured flounders at 5 different sites on the southern coast of Korea were compared to those of wild flounders caught in the Pohang, eastern coast of Korea as a control group. Relatively high LDH activities were measured in the serum of flounders cultured on the southern coast of Korea (0.101-0.145 unit) than those in the Pohang control group (0.093 unit). AChE activities were significantly low $(about\;10-20\%)$ in brain membranes of cultured flounders compared to those in the Pohang control group. The ratios of LDH/AChE and LDH/BChE were consistently higher $(136-178\%,\; 155-214\%)$ in cultured flounders than those of Pohang control group. Thus, we propose that the ratios of LDH/AChE and LDH/BChE in flounders could be applicable for the diagnosis of marine pollution.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제49권5호
• /
• pp.564-572
• /
• 2016

In this study, we isolated and characterized Escherichia coli from mussels and inland pollution sources in or in proximity to the Changseon area on the southern coast of Korea in 2014. A total of 147 strains of E. coli were isolated from 54 mussels and 32 pollution-source samples. The susceptibility of the isolates to 24 antimicrobial agents was analyzed. The resistance of E. coli isolates to rifampin was highest at 100%, followed by cephalothin (98.6%), tetracycline (91.8%), amikacin (81.0%), ampicillin (79.6%), cefazolin (79.6%), streptomycin (73.5%), piperacillin (70.7%), gentamicin (37.4%), cefoxitin (35.4%), cefamandole (34.7%), tobramycin (29.9%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (24.5%), nalidixic acid (21.8%), trimethoprim (19.0%), chloramphenicol (17.7%), cefotaxime (12.9%), trimethoprim (10.9%), ceftazidime (10.2%), aztreonam (7.5%), imipenem (2.7%), cefepime (2.0%), and cefotetan (0.0%). In addition, the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates from inland pollution sources was slightly greater than or similar to that of isolates from mussels.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.295-304
• /
• 1999

The planning and application of new developments in management of wastes. in hog farming is required to minimise the gaseous emissions from wastes and pollution of the aquatic environment. These strategies are enveloped in the "Farm Waste Management Plan" which identifies areas of the waste assets in form of plant nutrient and considers optimal manute collecting and storing procedures. The storage volumes for environmentally acceptable manure treatments and application methods are suggested. Good Waste Management Planning together with appropriate system design will ensure safe, reliable and effective waste handling.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제44권6호
• /
• pp.612-621
• /
• 2011

The influences of inland pollution sources because of rainfall events on the bacteriological water quality in Geoje Bay, a major shellfish production area in Korea, were investigated. The sanitary status of sea water and shellfish after rainfall events was also evaluated. The flow rates of 13 streams around Geoje Bay showed 6 to 7-fold increases after 15 to 21 mm of rainfall. Peak pollution was observed in the Naegan Stream, the Gandeok Stream and the Seojeong Stream. The calculated impact area of inland pollution sources was 3.1 $km^2$ immediately after 15 mm of rainfall and expanded to 3.5 $km^2$ after 24 hours. These calculations of impacted area matched results from fecal coliform analyses with sea water. The distance between the major pollution source in the bay (the Gandeok Stream) and the station with the worst bacteriological water quality immediately after 15 mm of rainfall, which was below the Korean standard, was 0.8 km in a straight line; this distance increased to 2.0 km after a period of 24 hours. The area impacted by inland pollution sources after a 15 mm rainfall event was wider than after a 21 mm rainfall. Although the flow rate from inland pollution sources was higher, the concentration of fecal coliform in the discharged water was lower after higher rainfall events. These observations corresponded with the results of fecal coliform analyses with sea water samples. According to the evaluation of the influences of inland pollution sources and fecal coliform analyses on sea water and shellfish samples in Geoje Bay, pollutants from inland sources did not reach the boundary line of the shellfish growing area after rainfall events of 15 or 22 mm. The bacteriological water quality of the shellfish growing area in Geoje Bay met the Korean standard and US NSSP requirements for approved shellfish growing areas.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.221-229
• /
• 1995

The heavy metal contents and their dispersion patterns in stream water, stream sediments, land plants and aquatic larvae collected from the hydrologic system flowing via the wasted ore dump of the Moak Au-Ag mine were investigated systematically in order to evaluate the environmental impacts of the abandoned metal mine. The heavy metal content increases abruptly in the vicinity of the wasted ore dump, then attenuated with increasing distance from the mine area. Attenuating rates were stream water > stream sediments > land plants > aquatic larvae. On the other hand, the cumulative content of heavy metals was stream sediments >aquatic larvae > land plants > stream water. Each element tends to be enriched selectively according to media; Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb in stream water, Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd in stream sediments and land plants, and Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd in aquatic larvae. These results show that the degree of enrichment and dispersion of pollutant extruded from the wasted ore dump are different according to elements and media, and that the circulation system of materials of each medium is different. The heavy metals, especially Cu, Pb and Zn, of polluted downstream sediments occur in high proportions of Fe-Mn oxides and organic bounded forms, which show high potential of a secondary pollution source. The content of heavy metals and their dispersion patterns in stream sediments are different from those of ten years ago; pollution levels of heavy metals were degraded in various ranges. The Zn and Cu-polluted areas were widened whereas Fe and Pb-polluted areas were reduced. In crops collected from the farm lands in downstream area, the pepper was more concentrated in all heavy metal than rice. The pepper showed some contaminated level in Cu(9.7ppm) and Zn(149ppm), and the rice in Zn(90ppm). However, both crops showed no significant level in Cd(<0.2ppm) and Pb(<0.5ppm).

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제51권6호
• /
• pp.697-703
• /
• 2018

In 2017, total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC) and fecal Streptococci (FS) bacteria were examined in seawater samples collected at coastal sites on Jeju Island (Aewol as a control, Namwon, and Daejeong) and at Pohang (Yeongil as a control, Guryongpo-North, and Guryongpo-South) to examine the correlations between the density of fish farms and distributions of the indicator bacteria. Only a few TC, FC, and FS colonies were detected in all of the samples obtained from Jeju Island. Of note, 2,000 and 1,000 CFU of FS $100mL^{-1}$ were detected in samples from Guryongpo-South in June and August, respectively. Although the total area of approved fish farms located within 5 km of the sampling point at Guryongpo-South is 5-16 times smaller than in other regions, the number of indicator bacteria was highest in this region. Therefore, microbiological pollution in the Guryongpo-South region might be due to sources other than the effluent released from nearby fish farms.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.542-554
• /
• 2015

Grain size, the content of ignition loss (IL), and the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, As, and Hg) in surface sediments from the Taehwa River estuary, Ulsan, were measured to evaluate pollution levels and potential ecological risks of organic matter and trace metals in estuarine sediment. The mean grain size (Mz) of sediments in the study region ranged from $-0.8-7.7{\varphi}$ (mean $2.8{\pm}2.4{\varphi}$). Surface sediments in the upstream region of the Taehwa River were mainly composed of coarse sediments compared to the downstream region. The concentrations of IL, COD, AVS and trace metals in the sediment were much higher at downstream sites of Myeongchon Bridge in the vicinity of industrial complexes than at upstream sites of those in the vicinity of the residential areas due to the anthropogenic input of organic matter and trace metals by industrial activities. On the basis of several geochemical assessment techniques [sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index ($I_{geo}$), pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk index (ERI)], the surfaces sediments in the study region are not highly polluted for trace metals, except for As. However, the higher concentrations in downstream study regions of the Taehwa River could impact benthic organisms including shellfish (i.e. Manila clam) in sediments.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제50권5호
• /
• pp.567-575
• /
• 2017

To understand the geochemical characteristics of Gomso Bay, which features extensive Manila clam, we measured various geochemical parameters, organic matter, and trace metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Hg, As and Fe) of intertidal and subtidal surface sediments in 2011. The surface sediments consisted of sedimentary facies including gravel (0.21%), sand (61.1%), silt (32.1%), and clay (6.5%). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) values in most areas were below sediment quality criteria (COD, $20mg/g{\cdot}dry$; AVS, $0.2mg/g{\cdot}dry$). Trace metals in the surface sediments were below pollution thresholds, except for As (morderately polluted). Sediment quality was evaluated using the trace metal pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk index (ERI), which showed that sediments were generally not polluted and at low risk; however, values along the outer bay were higher. We expect these results will be valuable for sustainable aquaculture prodution and environmental management in Gomso Bay.