• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.415-427
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study examined the changes in the cultural trend of use for green infrastructure in Seoul due to COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The subjects of this study are 8 sites of green infrastructure selected by type: Forested green infrastructure, Watershed green infrastructure, Park green infrastructure, Walkway green infrastructure. The data used for analysis was blog posts for a total of four years from August 1, 2016 to July 31, 2020. The analysis method was conducted keyword frequency analysis, topic modeling, and related keyword analysis. Results: The results of this study are as follows. First, the number of posts on green infrastructure has increased since COVID-19, especially forested green infrastructure and watershed green infrastructure with abundant naturalness and high openness. Second, the cultural trend keywords before and after COVID-19 changed from large-scale to small-scale, community-based to individual-based activities, and nondaily to daily culture. Third, after COVID-19, topics and keywords related to coronavirus showed that the cultural trends were reflected on appreciation, activities, and dailiness based on natural resources. In sum, the interest in green infrastructure in Seoul has increased after COVID-19. Also, the change of green infrastructure represents the increased demand for experience that reflects the need and expectation for nature. Conclusion: The new trend of green Infrastructure in the pandemic era should be considered in the the individual relaxations & activities.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.108-118
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• 2013

This study has analyzed the process of space information perceived and recognized through the estimation of observation frequency and number according to the time range of observation data acquired from observation experiment with the object of hospital lobby. The followings are the results analyzed at this study. First, the continual observation of 3 and 6 times was attentive and conscious for probing to find an object rather than for acquiring exact information and that of 9 times could be regarded as the time for acquiring visual appreciation. However, the repetitive occurrence of high and low frequencies can be thought of repetitive acts for visual appreciation. Second, the continual observation of 3 and 6 times had the highest observation frequency of II, while that of 9 times had the highest observation frequency of III. In case of 3 and 6 times, the observation frequency had the tendency to become a little higher after being low since V, and in case of 9 times it had the repetition of becoming low and high and from IX it characteristically got higher. This feature can be thought to be the process that the subject repeats the fixation and movement of observation at a visual activity for perception and recognition. In the process of first observation, the observation frequency was the highest after 20 seconds or so, but since then, it gets lower and repeatedly gets higher and lower as time passes. After 90 seconds, the frequency showed the tendency of getting higher continuously. Third, the examination of changing features of frequency may show the characteristics of exploration for and attention to space but if the observation frequency is not associated with observation times for analysis there will a limitation that the features of observation frequency cannot be clarified. Accordingly, the simultaneous analysis of both is very effective for estimating the observation characteristics seen at the processes of perception and recognition. Fourth, the general analysis of the both revealed: with the progress of observation time the discontinuous space exploration decreased, and as the observation time got longer the fixed attention to a specific spot increased. Fifth, in order to estimate the observation characteristics by the change of time range the observation frequency and times by trend line was analyzed, which approach seems to be an appropriate technique that can comprehensively show the overall flow of time series data.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2009

For this study, the 'Game Activities' lessons presented in the math textbooks from the 1st grade to the 6th were examined in terms of learning materials, the learning members' make-up, the playing structures, and the relation with the contents. In addition, the survey by means of questionnaires was conducted to analyze the actual condition of teachers' guidance in the field. The findings from this research were as follows: First, as for the activities presented in the textbooks, it turned out that too much emphasis is placed upon plays mainly using learning materials such as cards and dice played by teams of two. In addition, there have been shown negative aspects in various ways of plays putting too much emphasis on certain types of plays such as and structures. As for the relation with the contents, although lots of efforts were taken to connect the playing activity to the lesson contents, there were units presenting plays based on the preceding lesson's repeated activity, ones that have weak link with the contents. Second, it turned out that the teachers had negative attitude on the guidance using the 'Game Activities' lesson, although they were aware of the effects of playing in math learning. This seemed to result from the delicate variety and insufficient preparation for the play. Besides, the findings indicate that the appreciation and activity of the 'Game Activities' lesson presented as a way of performance evaluation. for play need to be provided in school or classrooms for teachers and students to make good use of them.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.171-179
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• 2019

This study was to develop the health education program model of young children based on e-book using QR code to prevent and manage fine dust. We developed program to prevent and manage fine dust for young children' health through in-depth discussions with 2 young children's health experts and 3 young children education experts, and developed the e-book using QR code. The program model for fine dust's prevention education based on e-book using QR code was verified for suitability as a field adaptation and teaching medium for 5-year old. The results of this study are as follows: First, the program model for fine dust's prevention education based on e-book using QR code was developed through 3 stages of appreciation activity-central activity-finishing activity. Second, the e-book using QR code is a useful teaching medium applicable to fine dust's prevention education program. In conclusion, the e-book-based fine dust's prevention education program using QR code will be used as an appropriate education method for fine dust's prevention and health management activities in the field of education for young children.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.42-52
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• 2002

For an effective listening to music, a repeated listening to music should be possible without any restriction of time and space as well as to music for a music class and the various multi-media learning materials for listening to music is required. However, an individualized and repeated listening is difficult and an individualized listening materials are lacking. To solve these problems, learning system for listening to music in elementary school sharing learning materials required for it and including learning factors of listening to music is required. Therefore, this study analyzes learning factors of listening to music in elementary school and the learning system for listening to music is designed and developed to make elementary students have their own active listening to music and feel achievement and confidence by teacher's evaluation of their writings after listening to music and experience a joyful musical activity. And it is applied to elementary school.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-35
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• 2001

Many teachers report familiarity with and adherence to reform ideas, but their actual teaching practices do not reflect a deep understanding of reform. Given the challenges in implementing reform, this study intended to explore the breakdown that may occur between teachers' adoption of reform objectives and their successful incorporation of reform ideals. To this end, this study compared and contrasted the classroom social norms and sociomathematical norms of two United States second-grade teachers who aspired to implement reform. This study is an exploratory, qualitative, comparative case study. This study uses the grounded theory methodology based on the constant comparative analysis for which the primary data sources were classroom video recordings and transcripts. The two classrooms established similar social norms including an open and permissive learning environment, stressing group cooperation, employing enjoyable activity formats for students, and orchestrating individual or small group session followed by whole group discussion. Despite these similar social participation structures, the two classes were remarkably different in terms of sociomathematical norms. In one class, the students were involved in mathematical processes by which being accurate or automatic was evaluated as a more important contribution to the classroom community than being insightful or creative. In the other class, the students were continually engaged in significant mathematical processes by which they could develop an appreciation of characteristically mathematical ways of thinking, communi-eating, arguing, proving, and valuing. It was apparent from this study that sociomathematical norms are an important construct reflecting the quality of students' mathematical engagement and anticipating their conceptual learning opportunities. A re-theorization of sociomathematical norms was offered so as to highlight the importance of this construct in the analysis of reform-oriented classrooms.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.489-499
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• 2010

The effects of a nutritional education program for first grade middle school students were evaluated from August to December, 2006. The study subjects were 82 boys and 90 girls, residing in Gwangju, Korea. To assess the effects of the nutritional education program, pre- and post-questionnaires examining nutritional knowledge, dietary attitudes, and dietary habits were developed. Paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA were used to evaluate the effects of the nutritional education program. In the general subject, the main after-school activities were studying, watching TV, and using computer (85.5%), and sports (9.3%), suggesting their low physical activity. Parents (46.5%) were indicated as the source of nutritional education rather than teachers (13.4%). Twenty-five percent of girl students had diet experience of skipping meals (54.6%), suggesting the need of proper nutritional education for adolescents' health care. In dietary attitudes, both genders showed some improvement of recognition after education. In the changes in dietary habits, both genders had a significant effect on 'three meals a day, eating breakfast, and regular meal' after education. After education, the rate of having breakfast everyday increased from 52.4% to 65.9% for boys and from 33.3%to 57.8% for girls. In the changes in nutritional knowledge, the appreciation of the importance of school meals increased in both genders from 50.6% to 80.8% after education. The nutritional knowledge, scores of regular eating and well-mannered eating increased in both genders regardless of the students' characteristics. The study results revealed that this education provided an important motivation to improve basic nutritional knowledge and dietary habit. It is recommended to develop systematic and various educational programs and learning materials tailored to subjects before nutritional education.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.25-34
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• 2005

The Educational Cultural Center for Students is a new mixed-cultural space which made around 1997 for students' education of humanism and talent with the 7th revision of educational course. This Educational Cultural Center for Students is different to the existing one because the subject of the culture is students who make creation and performance by themselves while the former ones were for seeing, hearing and feeling things. There are seven Educational Cultural Center for Students all over the country and will be built more in the future. Comparing to the former Educational Cultural Centers for Students, functional rooms in the Educational Cultural Centers for Students are an outdoor performance room, a large performance room, a small performance room of performance facility, a gallery of display facility, a gymnasium, a swimming pool, a fitness room, a table-tennis room of physical facility, a library and a reading room of a book facility, and a group room, a computer room, a singing room, a billiard room, an art room, a musical room, a dancing room, a manner room, a playing room, a cultural lecture room and a seminar room of a interest-activity facility. The result of analyzing the usage frequency is that a performance room has the highest frequency and a display room, a musical room, a music appreciation room and a physical room follow the frequency order. But this frequency does not fit for all area. By place and social situations, the frequency and space organization may be changed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.516-525
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• 2016

Lumbar discs are one of the first parts of the musculoskeletal system to age in the human body. Lumbar disc for females start to age at twenty years of age and completely age between fifty and sixty. The number of lumbar herniated intervertebral disc patients are increasing rapidly; however, studies on protective inner wear are insufficient. This study was conducted to develop protective inner wear equipment that retains an aesthetic appreciation of the body. The methods and procedures of this study are as follows. First, foreign and domestic lumbar pads were researched and analyzed by visiting medical shops and internet shopping malls that sell lumbar pads. Second, the survey was conducted on forty patients with disc disease in hospitals located in Seoul and surrounding suburbs. The following are the study results and observations. First, the lumbar pads selling on the market had a variety of designs, textiles, and fabrics. The result of the research was to develop additional inner protective equipment for lumbar herniated intervertebral disc patients. Second, the survey results of the forty patients with disc disease were that housewives were the most vulnerable. All patients had experience purchasing lumbar pads. The prevention of pain and stress were the most selected responses for the motivation to buy lumbar pads. Most individuals said that they used lumbar pads for less than 1 year. Dissatisfaction came from fabric, activity and design. 'Being uncomfortable to wear' was the most common complaint. 'Protection and how easy the clothes were to wear' were the most selected for the necessity of developments. The Inner wear shape was the most selected in shape. Except for six respondents, all favored the lumbar protective inner wear design.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.85-104
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to suggest the developmental strategies of information literacy program based on the integrated topics to promote inquiry abilities of middle school students who take part in the free semester system. To that end, the content of the 2015 revised curriculum on a national level was analyzed to develop 6 inquiry themes that incorporate Korean, Social Studies, Music and Art. The instruction and learning guide were consisted of three stages of forming a background knowledge, researching and creating and evaluating the conclusion of the research. The detailed activities for research step were consisted of the four steps of recognition of the problem, information analysis and interpretation, compilation of information and evaluation for each activity. Among the themes "environment" and "appreciation" were applied to a public library and a middle school library as a trial. The trial application saw that students took an interest in programs that subject themes are link with various topics. They were also very satisfied with such programs.