• School Mathematics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.27-42
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• 2003

The current 7th National Mathematics Curriculum had been developed as a learner-centered curriculum and begun to apply to high school since 2002. This paper discusses issues related to the high school mathematics curriculum application into high school. The mathematics curriculum for grades 11 and 12 was developed primarily as a learner-centered one to provide five elective courses according to the needs of students based on their future occupation and attitudes. Discussion starts with the differences of the five elective courses: the three of them have dependent and sequential structure and the two are totally different with regards to their levels of difficulty and the content they span. It is claimed that the frameworks of the 2005 National Ability Test for the College Entrance and the minimal enrollment requirements of several influential colleges' admission policy make the high school mathematics education very rigid, unflexible, and anti-educational. Several suggestions to recover and imp-rove the high school mathematics education and the spirit of the 7th curriculum are presented.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1139-1144
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose an automatic generation method of transaction level(TL) model from algorithmic model to verify system specification fast and effectively using virtual platform. The TL virtual platform including structural properties such as timing, synchronization and real-time is one of the effective verification frameworks. However, whenever change system specification or HW/SW mapping, we must rebuild virtual platform and additional design/verification time is required. And the manual description is very time-consuming and error-prone process. To solve these problems, we build TL library which consists of basic components of virtual platform such as CPU, memory, timer. We developed a set of design/verification tools in order to generate a virtual platform automatically. Our tools generate a virtual platform which consists of embedded real-time operating system (RTOS) and hardware components from an algorithmic modeling. And for communication between HW and SW, memory map and device drivers are generated. The effectiveness of our proposed framework has been successfully verified with a Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG) and H.264 algorithm. We claim that our approach enables us to generate an application specific virtual platform $100x{\tims}1000x$ faster than manual designs. Also, we can refine an initial platform incrementally to find a better HW/SW mapping. Furthermore, application software can be concurrently designed and optimized as well as RTOS by the generated virtual platform

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.150-156
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• 2004

Though the concept of Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) itself is not new, its effectiveness for planning, design, rehabilitation and maintenance/management of civil infrastructures is becoming increasingly recognized. For the decision problems as in the case of the LCC of plant facilities, equipments, bridge decks, pavements, etc., the Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is relatively simple, and thus its practical implementation is rather straightforward. However, when it comes to major infrastructures such as bridge, tunnels, underground facilities, etc., the LCCA problem becomes extremely complex because lack of cost data associated with various direct and indirect losses, and the absence of uncertainty data available for the assessment as well. As a result, the LCC studies have been largely limited only to those relatively simple LCCA problems of planning or conceptual design for making decisions. Accordingly, in the recent years, the researchers have pursued extensive studies on the LCC effectiveness mostly related to LCC models and frameworks for civil infrastructures. Moreover, recently the demand on the practical application of LCC effective decisions in design and maintenance is rapidly growing unprecedently in civil engineering practice. Indirction cost is very important on LCC formulation. But that is very difficult and complicate the estimation every LCC. The objective of this paper is to suggest efficient regression model for the estimation of indirect cost approach to the practical application of LCC for the design and rehabilitation of civil. infrastructures considering traffic, traffic network, detour condition, and workzone condition. In this paper, it performed the sensitivity analysis and correlation analysis of parameter for development of regression model of inflection cost.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.71-85
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• 2009

The demand for mobile database applications has been rapidly increased with the growth of mobile users and the development of wireless Internet technology. But the productivity of mobile applications is low and it takes much time to manage the versions of applications because the user interface and query processing code of applications is manually written. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of the MobileGen that is a script generator for mobile database applications. The generated scripts enhance mobile application productivity by providing the code for operating with a database and processing user queries. Each script provides a corresponding deck that is a set of related cards as user interface. The MobileGen supports easy version management of generated applications and the MobileGen itself because it is based on the templates that are frameworks for scripts. Moreover, the MobileGen provides not only the interested entity but also the entities that are related directly and indirectly with the interested entity unlike the most commercial mobile script generators.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.591-601
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• 2011

Today's Internet which provides communication channels with best-effort end-to-end performance is rapidly evolving into an autonomic global computing platform. Achieving autonomicity in the Future Internet will require a performance architecture that (a) allows users to request and own 'slices' of geographically-distributed host and network resources, (b) measures and monitors end-to-end host and network status, (c) enables analysis of the measurements within expert systems, and (d) provides performance intelligence in a timely manner for application adaptations to improve performance and scalability. We describe the requirements and design of one such "Future Internet performance architecture" (FIPA), and present our reference implementation of FIPA called 'OnTimeMeasure.' OnTimeMeasure comprises of several measurement-related services that can interact with each other and with existing measurement frameworks to enable performance intelligence. We also explain our OnTimeMeasure deployment in the global environment for network innovations (GENI) infrastructure collaborative research initiative to build a sliceable Future Internet. Further, we present an applicationad-aptation case study in GENI that uses OnTimeMeasure-enabled performance intelligence in the context of dynamic resource allocation within thin-client based virtual desktop clouds. We show how a virtual desktop cloud provider in the Future Internet can use the performance intelligence to increase cloud scalability, while simultaneously delivering satisfactory user quality-of-experience.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.71-77
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• 2021

Recently, there is a demand for efficient program development of an IoT application support frameworks considering heterogeneous hardware characteristics. In addition, the scope of hardware support is expanding with the development of neuromorphic architecture that mimics the human brain to learn on their own and enables autonomous computing. However, most existing IoT IDE(Integrated Development Environment), it is difficult to support AI(Artificial Intelligence) or to support services combined with various hardware such as neuromorphic architectures. In this paper, we design an AI component abstract model that supports the second-generation ANN(Artificial Neural Network) and the third-generation SNN(Spiking Neural Network), and implemented an autonomous IoT IDE based on the proposed model. IoT developers can automatically create AI components through the proposed technique without knowledge of AI and SNN. The proposed technique is flexible in code conversion according to runtime, so development productivity is high. Through experimentation of the proposed method, it was confirmed that the conversion delay time due to the VCL(Virtual Component Layer) may occur, but the difference is not significant.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.303-308
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• 2019

Spring framework is widely used as a base technology for e-government frameworks and to the extent it is a standard for web service development tools of Korean public institutions. However, recently, a remote code execution vulnerability(CVE-2018-1270) was found in an application using a spring framework. This paper proposes a method of analyzing the vulnerability experiment using a hacking scenario, Proof Of Concept(POC), in which the spring framework is a hazard to the server. We propose the patch to version 4.3.16 and version 5.0.5 or later as an ultimate response. It is also expected that the proposed experiment analysis on vulnerability of hacking scenario will be used as a data for improving performance of security programs and establishing a new authentication system.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.108-120
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• 2018

With the rise of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and I-Korea 4.0, both of which pursue strategies for industrial innovation and for the solution to social problems, the real estate industry needs to change in order to make effective use of available space in smart environments. The implementation of smart spaces is a promising solution for this. The smart space is defined as a good use of space, whether it be a home, office, or retail store, within a smart environment. To enhance the use of smart spaces, efficient decision-making and well-timed and accurate interaction are required. This paper proposes a smart space based on platform which takes advantage of emerging technologies for the efficient storage, processing, analysis, and utilization of big data. The platform is composed of six layers - collection, transfer, storage, service, application, and management - and offers three service frameworks: activity-based, market-based, and policy-based. Based on these smart space services, decision-makers, consumers, clients, and social network participants can make better decisions, respond more quickly, exhibit greater innovation, and develop stronger competitive advantages.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.2261-2266
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• 2021

Background: Deep learning related research works on website medical images have been actively conducted in the field of health care, however, articles related to the musculoskeletal system have been introduced insufficiently, deep learning-based studies on classifying orthopedic manual therapy images would also just be entered. Objectives: To create a deep learning model that categorizes cervical mobilization images and establish a web application to find out its clinical utility. Design: Research and development. Methods: Three types of cervical mobilization images (central posteroanterior (CPA) mobilization, unilateral posteroanterior (UPA) mobilization, and anteroposterior (AP) mobilization) were obtained using functions of 'Download All Images' and a web crawler. Unnecessary images were filtered from 'Auslogics Duplicate File Finder' to obtain the final 144 data (CPA=62, UPA=46, AP=36). Training classified into 3 classes was conducted in Teachable Machine. The next procedures, the trained model source was uploaded to the web application cloud integrated development environment (https://ide.goorm.io/) and the frame was built. The trained model was tested in three environments: Teachable Machine File Upload (TMFU), Teachable Machine Webcam (TMW), and Web Service webcam (WSW). Results: In three environments (TMFU, TMW, WSW), the accuracy of CPA mobilization images was 81-96%. The accuracy of the UPA mobilization image was 43~94%, and the accuracy deviation was greater than that of CPA. The accuracy of the AP mobilization image was 65-75%, and the deviation was not large compared to the other groups. In the three environments, the average accuracy of CPA was 92%, and the accuracy of UPA and AP was similar up to 70%. Conclusion: This study suggests that training of images of orthopedic manual therapy using machine learning open software is possible, and that web applications made using this training model can be used clinically.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.255-263
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• 2021

Smart grid is a fully-automated, bi-directional, power transmission network based on the physical grid system, which combines sensor measurement, computer, information communication, and automatic control technology. Blockchain technology, with its security features, can be integrated with Smart Grids to provide secure and efficient power management and transmission. This paper dicusses the deployment of Blockchain technology in Smart Grid. It presents application areas and protocols in which blockchain can be applied to in securing smart grid. One application of each area is explored in detail, such as efficient peer-to-peer transaction, lower platform costs, faster processes, greater flexibility in power generation to transmission, distribution and power consumption in different energy storage systems, current barriers obstructing the implementation of blockchain applications with some level of maturity in financial services but concepts only in energy and other sectors. Wide range of energy applications suggesting a suitable blockchain architecture in smart grid operations, a sample block structure and the potential blockchain technicalities employed in it. Also, added with efficient data aggregation schemes based on the blockchain technology to overcome the challenges related to privacy and security in the smart grid. Later on, consensus algorithms and protocols are discussed. Monitoring of the usage and statistics of energy distribution systems that can also be used to remotely control energy flow to a particular area. Further, the discussion on the blockchain-based frameworks that helps in the diagnosis and maintenance of smart grid equipment. We have also discussed several commercial implementations of blockchain in the smart grid. Finally, various challenges have been discussed for integrating these technologies. Overall, it can be said at the present point in time that blockchain technology certainly shows a lot of potentials from a customer perspective too and should be further developed by market participants. The approaches seen thus far may have a disruptive effect in the future and might require additional regulatory intervention in an already tightly regulated energy market. If blockchains are to deliver benefits for consumers (whether as consumers or prosumers of energy), a strong focus on consumer issues will be needed.