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이진 옵셋 반송파 신호에 알맞은 국소신호 설계 (Local Signal Design for Binary Offset Carrier Signals)

  • 김홍득;윤석호
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제38A권10호
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    • pp.845-849
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    • 2013
  • 본 논문에서는 Galileo 시스템에 사용할 이진 옵셋 반송파 (binary offset carrier: BOC) 신호의 자기상관함수가 갖는 주변 첨두를 제거하기 위해 국소신호를 설계한다. 구체적으로는 BOC 신호를 분석하여 기존 기법의 국소신호가 사인 혹은 코사인 위상의 BOC 신호에만 적용되는 것을 밝히고, 사인과 코사인 위상 BOC 신호에 모두 적용 가능한 국소신호를 설계한다. 이후 설계한 국소신호와 수신 BOC 신호를 상관하고 상관한 부상관함수를 조합함으로써 주변 첨두가 제거된 상관함수를 생성한다. 모의실험을 통해 설계한 국소신호를 이용하여 생성한 상관함수는 주변 첨두가 모두 제거될 뿐만 아니라 설계한 국소신호는 사인과 코사인 위상 BOC 신호에 모두 적용되는 것을 확인한다.

중재의 준거법 선택과 당사자 자치의 제한 - 국제스포츠중재를 중심으로 - (The Choice of Applicable Law and the Limitations of Party Autonomy - Focusing on International Sports Arbitration -)

  • 유소미
    • 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.23-46
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    • 2021
  • Sports disputes have specific characteristics compared to disputes that arise in the field of commerce. One particularity is the judicial system in which the CAS plays a key role as the International Supreme Court for sports-related matters. The CAS Code applies whenever the parties agree to submit a sports-related dispute to the CAS(Art. R27). Once the parties to the arbitration agreement have decided that the CAS Code should govern their proceedings. The parties' autonomy is, however, limited to the provisions of the CAS Code that provide for such a corresponding autonomy. The application of the mandatory rules contained in the CAS Code cannot be excluded. In CAS appeals arbitration proceedings, the Panel shall decide the dispute according to the applicable sports regulations and, subsidiarily, to the rules of law chosen by the parties(Art. R58). In international sports disputes, the uniform application and interpretation of the relevant regulations are essential. Therefore, Art. R58 should be applied as a mandatory rule without any changes. Regulations of the sports organizations are to be qualified as valid rules of law. CAS panels may also apply the so-called lex sportiva to the merits before considering statutory provisions of national jurisdictions. In this way, the specificities in (international) sports disputes can be taken into account without the need to further examine the application of national legal standards.

Environmental Damage Theory Applicable to Kenya

  • ONYANGO, James;KIANO, Elvis;SAINA, Ernest
    • Asian Journal of Business Environment
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.39-50
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: This study seeks to establish the environmental damage theory applicable to Kenya. The analysis is based on annual data drawn from World Bank on carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e) and gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC) for Kenya spanning 1963 to 2017. Research Methodology: The study adopts explanatory research design and autoregressive distributed lag model for analysis. Results: The results revealed a coefficient of -0.017 for GDPPC and 0.004 for GDPPC squared indicating that economic growth has negative effect on CO2e in the initial stages of growth but positive effect in the high growth regime with the marginal effect being higher in the initial growth regime. The findings suggest a U-shaped relationship consistent with Brundtland Curve Hypothesis (BCH). Conclusions: The findings emphasize the need for sustainable development path that enables present generations to meet own needs without compromising the capacity of future generations to meet their own. Sustainable development may include, investment in renewable energies like wind, solar and adoption of energy efficient technologies in production and manufacturing. The study concludes that BCH is applicable to Kenya and that developing affordable and effective mechanisms to boost sustainable development implementation is necessary to decrease the anthropogenic impact in the environment without any attendant reduction in the economic growth.

外國宗教(法人)在臺行為之準據法適用初探: 以設立與起始發展為研究核心 (A Probe into the Laws Applicable to Foreign Religious Actions and the Actions of Foreign Religious Legal Persons : Observations Regarding Establishment and Initial Development in Taiwan)

  • 蔡佩芬
    • 대순사상논총
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    • 제34집
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    • pp.203-238
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    • 2020
  • 外國宗教或外國宗教法人到臺灣發展可能會遇到的法律風險以及該如何控管, 本文先以外國宗教到臺灣發展的可能性做法, 該法律規範, 類型, 流程, 注意事項…等作為本文撰寫之目的, 以便外國宗教一開始來臺灣發展時, 可以選擇適合自己的方式參考進行之。外國宗教若欲來臺發展, 其發展方式可能有幾種方法可以遵循 : 1. 宗教人士個別在臺傳教 2. 宗教團體在臺傳教, 樣態可為幾種 : 1) 以寺廟(或有宗教稱為「靈臺」)型態呈現。2) 以人民團體 (非法人宗教團體) 方式呈現。3) 未辦理登記寺廟(或有宗教稱為「靈臺 」) : 係事實上已存在之募建寺廟(或有宗教稱為「靈臺」)建築物, 因未符合辦理寺廟(或有宗教稱為「靈臺」)登記規定者, 而依據『未辦理登記寺廟(或有宗教稱為「靈臺」)補辦登記作業要點』要點所稱之未辦理登記寺廟(或有宗教稱為「靈臺」)。3. 非屬前者之具有辦事處及獨立之財產與宗教目的, 但未經政府立案或未經登記為寺廟(或有宗教稱為「靈臺」)者 (非法人宗教團體)。4. 在臺設立研究中心 : 外國宗教在外國已經設立財團宗教法人時, 來到臺灣設立分部, 得以研究中心的形態出現。5. 在臺設立法人 : 區分為「學校法人」, 「宗教社團法人」與「宗教財團法人」。以上各種類型各有不同對應的設立準據法適用依據, 本文將介紹各該準據法內容, 並介紹重要內容, 例如有關經費的部分, 對於績優宗教團體設有獎勵規範, 宗教團體申請外籍人士來臺研修教義的要點規範, 如為外文文件, 並應備具中文譯本等規定。外國宗教在臺發展因有涉外因素, 涉外民事法律適用法為我國選擇法規適用的母法, 該外國法人之屬人法事項依據涉外法規定, 係參考1979年泛美商業公司之法律衝突公約第2條及義大利國際私法第25條第1項等立法例之精神, 均採法人之設立準據法主義, 明定所有法人均以其所據以設立之法律為其本國法, 故外國宗教法人在臺之法律問題涉及到屬人法事項時, 係以其據以設立之法律為其本國法, 而外國法人之下列內部事項, 亦是依其本國法為準據法。