• Mycobiology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.202-216
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• 2016

Arthonia coreana, Arthonia superpallens, and Arthonia zelkovae are new species from South Korea. All new species are in the Euarthonia tribe, based on the key characteristics of colorless hypothecium and multi-cellular spores. A. coreana has a dull brownish hypophloedal thallus without bleaching and rounded or curved big apothecia in comparison with those of Arthonia punctiformis. A. coreana consistently exhibits 4-septate ascospores, which is a distinctive characteristic that distinguishes it from other Arthonia species. A. superpallens has a white-greenish thallus, pale yellowish apothecia, and a trentepohlioid alga. However, A. superpallens has no distinct prothallus, adnate, and convex apothecia, no pycnidia, and is UV-, in contrast with related species in the Arthonia antillarum group. A. zelkovae has a white, epiphloedal thallus, brownish-black epruinose apothecia covered with a whitish bark layer, and smaller ascospores in comparison with those of A. punctiformis. A. zelkovae consists of a chlorococcoid alga, which differs from related Arthonia species such as A. punctiformis, Arthonia pinastri, and Arthonia glaucella. Although A. zelkovae is similar to Arthonia dispersa in its white-colored thallus, blackish apothecia, and the presence of a chlorococcoid photobiont, A. zelkovae differs from the latter in having larger-sized 3-septate ascospores. Arthonia cinnabarina f. marginata, A. glaucella, Arthonia ilicinella, Arthonia lapidicola, Arthonia leioplacella, Arthonia pertabescens, A. pinastri, Arthonia spadicea, and Arthonia stellaris are newly described in Korea. The diagnostic characteristics of these species are discussed and presented. An artificial key is provided to facilitate identification of Arthonia species from Northeast Asia.

• Mycobiology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.87-90
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• 2007

A total of 520 overwintered sclerotia were collected from surface of soil under mulberry trees in six locations in Korea during February in 2006 and 2007. The collected sclerotia were tested for their germination in vitro and identified based on their morphological characteristics. Out of all sclerotia tested, 52.3% of the sclerotia germinated and produced two types of apothecia. The two types of fungi occurred from the sclerotia at the ratio of 49.8 vs. 50.2. The fungal type with cup-shaped apothecia was identified as Ciboria shiraiana and another type of fungus with club-shaped apothecia as Scleromitrula shiraiana. Taxonomy and distribution of the two sclerotial fungi were described and discussed.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.252-260
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• 1987

답후작으로 시설재배되는 상치에 발생한 균핵병의 발생생태에 대하여 조사연구한 결과, 상치 균핵병은 전생육기간을 통하여 발생하였는데, 특히 유묘기에 피해가 심하였다. 후병지$(30\times30\times5cm)$내의 균핵수는 유묘기에 22.0개, 수확기에는 5.3개가 검출되었다. 이상치 균핵병 (S. sclerotiorum)의 균사생장적온은 $25^{\circ}C$였고, $15^{\circ}C$이하의 온도에서는 $20^{\circ}C$이상의 온도에서보다 균핵의 형성수는 적었으나 큰 균핵을 형성하였고 건물중도 높았다. 토양깊이 및 시기별로 균핵을 매몰하였을 때 3월, 4월 9월의 매몰구에서는 토양깊이 3cm구까지 자양반을 형성하였으나, 6월, 12월의 매몰구에서는 90일간의 조사기간내에는 자 반을 형성하지 않았다. 그리고 중력수만 제거한 토양과 담수토양내에서 균핵을 $25^{\circ}C$와 $30^{\circ}C$로 5주간 처리하였을 때 $100\%$의 균핵이 사멸하였다. 고압멸균된 상치 식물체절편과 함께 균핵을 상치에 접종하였을 때 균핵의 균사형성에 의한 감염이 일어났으며, 포장주위식물에 대한 병원성 조사에서는 조사식물 9과 31종중 화본료 식물을 제외한 8과 25종의 식물에 병원성을 나타냈다. 그러므로 답리작으로 시설재배되는 상치에 발생한 균핵병의 전염원은 포장주위의 기주식물에 형성된 균핵이라고 생각된다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2007

2005년부터 2007년까지 국내 여러 지역에서 오디균핵병 발생을 조사하였다. 병든 과실은 회백색으로 변색되었고, 지상부로 떨어진 후 월동기간 동안 딱딱하고 검은색 균핵으로 변하였다. 뽕나무포장 내 월동균핵으로부터 형성된 자낭반은 5월 상순에 관찰되었으며, 컵 또는 곤봉모양의 두 가지 형태의 자낭반이 형성되었다. 컵 모양의 자낭반을 가진 균은 Ciboria shiraiana, 곤봉모양의 자낭반을 가진 균은 Scleromitrula shiraiana로 동정되었다. 조사된 포장에서 C. shiraiana와 S. shiraiana는 약 6:4의 비율로 발생하였다. 본 병의 발생은 조사년도, 조사지역 및 품종에 따라 차이가 있었다. 뽕나무포장에서 품종간 병 발생을 조사한 결과, 백하형상, 다호조생, 하수상, 재래종 및 사원뽕 22는 본 병에 대해 저항성이었으며, 청일뽕, 대성뽕, 국상20호 및 터키-D는 다소 감수성이었고, 카테네오, 모레지 및 상과는 매우 감수성이었다. 비닐이나 부직포로 지표면을 피복한 포장에서는 피복하지 않은 포장에 비해 병 발생이 훨씬 낮았다. 볏짚으로 피복된 포장에서의 병 발생은 피복하지 않은 포장과 유사하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2001

Dieback of pine branches or twigs with brown needles occurs most commonly on Pinus species after severe winter in Korea. In this study, Cenangium ferruginosum was isolated from infected stems, branches, and twigs of Pinus koraiensis (C1), P. densiflora (C2), and P. thunbergii (C3). Morphological and cultural characteristics of the isolates were than compared. There were no significant differences in the morphological characteristics of conidia and ascospores produced by the three isolates. However, cultural differences were observed among the isolates. Optimum temperatures for mycelial growth of C1, C2, and C3 were 15, 20, and $20^{\circ}$, respectively. C1 produced a few conidia and no ascospores, while C2 and C3 produced abundant ascospores and conidia. While optimum temperatures for mycelial growth ranged from 15 to $20^{\circ}$, mycelial growth was also relatively good at lower temperatures of 5-$10^{\circ}$. Conidiomata and conidia were produced on MSA (malt extract soya peptone agar) after 25-30 days of incubation in the dark at $15^{\circ}$. Apothecia were produced by altering culture condition from 15 to $20^{\circ}$, and incubating for 35-60 more days. Optimum temperature for ascospore and conidium germination was $20^{\circ}$. RAPD analysis revealed that there was high similarity of 0.78 between C2 and C3, and low similarity of 0.31 between C2 or C3 and C1.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.464-475
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• 2020

Acervus (Pyronemataceae, Pezizales) is a saprobic genus in Pezizomycetes, characterized by colored apothecia, subcylindrical to cylindrical asci and guttulate ascospores. We collected four Acervus samples from China and Thailand. Descriptions and illustrations are introduced for all fresh samples. One new record of A. globulosus from Thailand, one new species, A. rufus, two known species, A. epispartius and A. stipitatus from China are reported. Phylogenetic analysis based on five genes, the large subunit rRNA (LSU), the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (tef1-α), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb1), and the small subunit rRNA (SSU), revealed the distinct position of the new species. The new species is set apart by its red apothecia. A key to Acervus species is also given.

• Mycobiology
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.91-93
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• 2012

The study introduces the genus Mycobilimbia, from South Korea. M. philippina is reported here as being new to the country. Characteristic features of the species are crustose thallus, globose apothecia, K-proper exciple and hypothecium, Biatora-type asci, 3-septate fusiform ascospores, and a lack of secondary compounds.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.93-94
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• 1982

Soybean Whetzelinia rot caused by Whetzelinia sclerotiorum was observed in Jinju area. The diseased soybean plants showed withering and sudden collapse under field conditions. Diseased parts exhibited numerous black, irregularly-shaped scleratia embedded in dense white cottonly mycelium on tissue and in the pith of diseased stems. A sclerotium in the moist sand produced several apothecia under laboratary condition. The primary inoculum was supposed to originate from overwintered sclerotia of soil and soybean debris.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2009

Cenangium ferruginosum 은 소나무류의 피목가지마름병의 원인균으로 알려져 있다. 한국에서 이 병은 1989년 처음 보고가 된 이래 2007년 봄 서울, 경기, 강원과 충북지역에서 대발생하였다. 병원균인 C. ferruginosum은 병원성이 약한 내생균으로 알려져 있으나 나무가 상처나 가뭄, 극심한 추위나 온난한 겨울 기후 등으로 인한 스트레스를 받게 되면 병 발생을 유발하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 기후변화에 따른 병 발생 동향을 이해하고자 국 내외 피목가지마름병 발생 현황 및 병원균의 특성을 설명하였다. 또한 경기, 충청, 경상지역의 발병한 잣나무 및 소나무의 병든 가지를 수집하여 병원균의 발달 과정을 관찰하였으며, 병원균을 분리하여 이들의 형태학적인 특성과 분자수준에서의 특성을 분석한 결과 C. ferruginosum 임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.236-241
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• 1999

Sclerotinia twig blight on trees and cottony rot on fruits of Satsuma mandarin were observed in Cheju, Korea in 1996 and 1997. The causal fungus causing citrus twig blight and cottony rot was identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum which had cup-shaped apothecia bearing hyaline and clavate asci and periphyses on sclerotium. Symptoms were produced on twigs, developing young leaves, fully developed new leaves, and fruits 2-9 days after wound inoculation, but only on twigs with young lateral buds and developing young leaves by unwound inoculation. The fungus grew well between 10 and $27^{\circ}$, but optimum temperature was $24^{\circ}$ on potato dextrose agar. Most varieties were highly susceptible to S. sclerotiorum, whereas some varieties such as Ichinan were relatively resistant among twelve Satsuma mandarin varieties in the field. This is the first record of Scledrotinia twig blight on trees and cottony rot on stored fruits of Satsuma mandarin in Korea.