• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.243-247
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• 2002

Prolonged exercise is known to increase steady-state serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and apolipoprotein AI(apo AI) concentrations. We investigated the effect of adaptation to endurance exercise on the association of the genetic polymorphism in the apo AI gene with these biochemical parameters. 108 male subjects were randomly selected from a group of elite athletes, and 65 male samples used as sedentary control group from Korean general population. The genetic polymorphism in the apo AI gene locus was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and DNA digestion with Msp I restriction endonuclease. The genotype frequency for the Msp I RFLP was significantly different between the elite athletes and sedentary controls(P<0.05). There were, however, no significant associations between the Msp I RFLP of the apo AI gene and the biochemical parameters in elite athletic group. Therefore, our findings indicate that the Msp I RFLP of the apo AI gene was not associated with the serum apo AI and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in Korean male elite athletes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.526-530
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was investigating serum lipid, apolipoprotein levels and their correlations in healthy adults of Gyeongnam area. The BMI (body mass index) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in male (25.2 ${\pm}$ 2.7 $kg/m^2$) than female (23.8 ${\pm}$ 1.5 $kg/m^2$), however PBF (percent body fat) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in female (29.6 ${\pm}$ 4.3%) than male (22.7 ${\pm}$ 5.0%). The WHR (waist to hip ratio) and blood pressure in the groups showed there was no significant differences. The levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in male (208.7 ${\pm}$ 27.7 mg/dl, 129.0 ${\pm}$ 26.9 mg/dl, 1.0 ${\pm}$ 0.2 g/L) than female (193.6 ${\pm}$ 29.1 mg/dl, 112.5 ${\pm}$ 29.5 mg/dl, 0.9 ${\pm}$ 0.2 g/L, but HDL-cholesterol level was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in female (54.9 ${\pm}$ 6.6 mg/dl) than male (49.9 ${\pm}$ 7.3 mg/dl). The LDL-C/HDL-C, Apo B/Apo A-I and AI (atherogenic index) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in male (2.6 ${\pm}$ 0.6, 0.8 ${\pm}$ 0.2, 3.3 ${\pm}$ 0.7) than female (2.1 ${\pm}$ 0.5, 0.6 ${\pm}$ 0.2, 2.6 ${\pm}$ 0.5). The triglyceride level was positively correlated with apolipoprotein B concentration (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol concentration (p < 0.05), however no significant correlation was found with apolipoprotein A-I. According to these results, we conclude that male adults are expecting higher incidence of cardiovascular disease than female adults and we suggest the serum triglyceride should be kept normal level for the prevention of these diseases.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.429-434
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• 2005

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) restriction isotyping used oligonucleotides to amplify apoE gene sequences containing amino acid positions 112 and 158. The amplification products were digested with HhaI and subjected to electrophoresis on $4\%$ agarose gel. Each of the isoforms was distinguished by a unique combination of HhaI fragment sizes that enabled unambiguous typing of all homozygotic and heterozygotic combinations. HhaI cleaves at GCGC encoding 112arg (E4) and 158arg (E3, E4), but does not cut at GTGC encoding 112cys (E2, E3) and] 58cys (E2). DNA was isolated from 72 study participants and apoE genotypes were determined utilizing the polymerase chain reaction and restriction isotyping. In the entire group of subjects, $38 (52.8\%)$ had apo E4/4 or E3/4 (Group E4), $28(38.9\%)$ had the apo E3/3 genotype (Group E3) and $6(8.3\%)$ had apo E2/2 or E2/3 (Group E2). This genotypic information may help to identify individuals at increased risk for several diseases.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.291-297
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• 2009

Apolipoprotein (apo) C-III is a marker protein of triacylglycerol (TG)-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and has been proposed as a risk factor of coronary heart disease. To compare the physiologic role of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) with or without apoC-III, we synthesized rHDL with molar ratios of apoA-I:apoC-III of 1:0, 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2. Increasing the apoC-III content in rHDL produced smaller rHDL particles with a lower number of apoA-I molecules. Furthermore, increasing the molar ratio of apoC-III in rHDL enhanced the surfactant-like properties and the ability to lyse dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine. Furthermore, rHDL containing apoC-III was found to be more resistant to particle rearrangement in the presence of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) than rHDL that contained apoA-I alone. In addition, the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activation ability was reduced as the apoC-III content of the rHDL increased; however, the CE transfer ability was not decreased by the increase of apoC-III. Finally, rHDL containing apoC-III aggravated the production of MDA in cell culture media, which led to increased cellular uptake of LDL. Thus, the addition of apoC-III to rHDL induced changes in the structural and functional properties of the rHDL, especially in particle size and rearrangement and LCAT activation. These alterations may lead to beneficial functions of HDL, which is involved in anti-atherogenic properties in the circulation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2011

Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. This study was designed to investigate whether apoA-I affects apoptosis and cytokine production of human blood neutrophils in an in vitro culture system. Spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils was significantly delayed by apoA-I. In addition, high density lipoprotein containing apoA-I also delayed apoptosis of neutrophils. Apoptosis of neutrophils was inhibited by anti-scavenger receptor type B-I antibodies. The amounts of interleukin-8, interferon (IFN)-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) in the supernatants of cultured neutrophils treated with apoA-I were significantly increased. Combined treatment of neutrophils with IFN-$\gamma$ and apoA-I produced higher amounts of IP-10 and TNF-$\alpha$ than did treatment with IFN-$\gamma$ or apoA-I alone. The present study reveals that apoA-I activates neutrophils to produce cytokines and delays spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils. These findings suggest that apoA-I, although a well-known negative acute-phase protein, has a pro-inflammatory effect in neutrophils.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the distribution of apolipoproteins A-I and B among Korean employees and their partners. Methods : The study population consisted of 7,633 men and women (4,578 men and 3,054 women) residing in Seoul and Kyung-gee Do, with an average age of $43.5{\pm}8.3$ years. Blood samples were collected following at least 12 hours of fasting. Apolipoproteins A-I and B were measured using a Behring Nephelometer analyzer. The body mass index (BMI) for each participant was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared $(m^2)$. Information on health-related behaviors such as exercise, alcohol intake, and smoking habits was collected through self-administrated questionnaires. Results : The mean concentrations of Apo A-I were $132.6{\pm}22.3mg/dL$ and $142.9{\pm}24.8mg/dL$ in the men and women, respectively. The concentration of Apo A-I increased significantly across all age categories of men. The mean concentrations of Apo B were $101.7{\pm}23.2mg/dL$ and $87.8{\pm}23.5mg/dL$ in the men and women, respectively, and Apo B increased significantly across all age categories for both the men and women. Exercise and BMI were major determinants for Apo A-I and B levels. The 10th percentile of Apo A-I concentration was 109 mg/dL in the men and 113 mg/dL in the women, and the 90th percentile of Apo B concentration was 131 mg/dL in the men and 118 mg/dL women. Conclusions : For the prevention of coronary artery disease, we recommend that for individuals in the 10th percentile of concentration for Apo A-I and the 90th percentile of concentration for Apo B, active preventive interventions such as weight loss and exercise should be taken. This study, within its limitations, may be useful for evaluating apolipoprotein A-I and B concentrations in Korean adults.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.45.1-45.15
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• 2020

Background: Feline mammary carcinoma is the third most common cancer that affects female cats. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to screen differential serum proteins in feline and clarify the relationship between them and the occurrence of feline mammary carcinoma. Methods: Chinese pastoral cats were used as experimental animals. Six serum samples from cats with mammary carcinoma (group T) and six serum samples from healthy cats (group C) were selected. Differential protein analysis was performed using a Label-free technique, while parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was performed to verify the screened differential proteins. Results: A total of 82 differential proteins were detected between group T and group C, of which 55 proteins were down regulated and 27 proteins were up regulated. Apolipoprotein A-I, Apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III), coagulation factor V, coagulation factor X, C1q, albumen (ALB) were all associated with the occurrence of feline mammary carcinoma. Differential proteins were involved in a total of 40 signaling pathways, among which the metabolic pathways associated with feline mammary carcinoma were the complement and coagulation cascade and cholesterol metabolism. According to the Label-free results, ApoB, ApoC-III, ApoA-II, FN1, an uncharacterized protein, and ALB were selected for PRM target verification. The results were consistent with the trend of the label-free. Conclusions: This experimen is the first to confirm ApoA-II and ApoB maybe new feline mammary carcinoma biomarkers and to analyze their mechanisms in the development of such carcinoma in feline.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.25-33
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• 2003

lridology, a form of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), is the diagnosis of medical conditions through noting irregularities of the pigmentation in the iris. lridological constitution has a strong familial aggregation and is implicated in heredity. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene polymorphism is one of the most well studied genetic markers of vascular disease. I investigated the relationship between iridological constitution and apoE polymorphism. I classified 87 hypertensive patients with family history of cerebral infarction and 79 controls according to iris constitution, and determined apoE genotype. Neurogenic type in hypertensives was 32.2% compared with 16.5% in controls (P<0.001). No differences in the apoE genotypes frequencies were observed in patients compared with those in controls ($x^2=0.726$, df-=2, P=0.696). However, in a population with ${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}4$ genotype, the frequency of neurogenic constitution was significantly higher in hypertensives than in controls (60% vs. 0%) ($x^2=5.265$, df=l, P=0.022). These results could imply that apoE ${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}4$ genotype and neurogenic iris constitution are risk factors for hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2006

This study was designed to observe the effects of Korean mistletoe(Viscum album L. var. coloratum Ohwi) hot-water extract administration on the improvement on the lipid components, apolipoprotein and blood pressure level in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, Wistar strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 33 days. Concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol and atheroscieotic index in serum were significantly lower in the Korean mistletoe extract administration group [group KM(Korean mistletoe 10.0 g% hot-water extract)] than those in the control group. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration Korean mistletoe 10.0% hot-water extract administration group were higher percentage than in the control group. However, concentrations of total cholesterol and TG in liver and brain were significantly lower in the group KM than those in the control group. But the components of apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I and Apo A-II in serum were significantly higher in the KM group than in the control group. However, components of Apo C-II, Apo C-III, Apo E and ratio of Apo B to Apo A-I in serum were fairly reduced in the group KM than in the control group. The levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in KM cup than control group. From these results, Korean mistletoe hot-water extract administration were effective on the improvement of the lipid components, coronary heart disease and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. And particularly, Korean mistletoe extract administration were more effective as a therapeutic regimen for the control of blood pressure in hypertension.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1995

The present study was undertaken to determine the dissociation constant (Kd)of monoclonal antibody to human apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). First the monoclonal antibody was incubated in solution with the antigen until the equilibrium was reached; then the free antibody which remains unsaturated at equilibrium was captured by binding to antigen on the microtiter plate and be measured by a classical indirect ELISA. The value of Kd determined from Scatchard plot was 0.625$\times$10^{-9}$ for purified antibody and 0.720$\times$10$^{-9}$ for unpurified antibody. This method was valuable for the measurement of true dissociation constant and found to be simple, reproducible, and accurate.