• 제목/요약/키워드: apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)

검색결과 76건 처리시간 0.024초

Clinical Characteristics and Polysomnographic Features of Patients Visited a Snoring and Sleep Apnea Clinic of Dental Hospital in Korea

  • Kim, Ji-Rak;Chung, Jin Woo
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
    • /
    • 제42권1호
    • /
    • pp.1-7
    • /
    • 2017
  • Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical characteristics and polysomnographic results of patients visited the Seoul National University Dental Hospital (SNUDH) and to suggest guidelines for the management of sleep disordered-breathing patients in a dental clinic. Methods: Five hundred sixty-two patients who visited the Snoring and Sleep Apnea Clinic of SNUDH were evaluated for clinical characteristics including associated comorbidities, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, and daytime sleepiness and among them 217 patients were performed nocturnal polysomnography for evaluating respiratory disturbance index, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen saturation levels, and sleep stages. The associations among clinical characteristics, sleep parameters, and positional and rapid eye movement (REM) dependencies of the patients were analyzed. Results: The most common co-morbidities of the patients were cardiovascular (30.2%), endocrine (10.8%), and respiratory diseases (7.9%). Age (${\beta}=0.394$), total AHI (${\beta}=0.223$), and lowest $O_2$ saturation levels (${\beta}=0.205$) were significantly associated with the number of co-morbidities in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Mean $O_2$ saturation was not significantly associated with number of co-morbidities. Non-positional OSA patients had higher BMI, longer neck circumferences, more severe AHI values, and lower mean and lowest $O_2$ saturation levels compared to positional OSA patients. Not-REM-related patients were older and had more severe AHI values compared to REM-related patients. Not-REM-related patients have longer duration of stage I sleep and shorter stage II, III, and REM sleep than REM-related patients. There were no significant differences in each sleep stage between positional and non-positional patients. Neck circumference, positional dependency, REM dependency, and percentage of supine position were significantly associated with severity of OSA. Conclusions: Age, total AHI, and lowest $O_2$ saturation level were significantly associated with the number of co-morbidities in patients with OSA. Neck circumference, positional dependency, REM dependency, and percentage of supine position were significantly associated with severity of OSA.

Polysomnographic and Cephalometric Evaluation of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea According to Obesity Level

  • Jo, Jung Hwan;Park, Ji Woon;Jang, Ji Hee;Chung, Jin Woo
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
    • /
    • 제47권3호
    • /
    • pp.135-143
    • /
    • 2022
  • Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate polysomnographic and cephalometric characteristics of patients with OSA according to obesity level based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Asian-Pacific BMI criteria. Methods: One hundred and thirty-one consecutive patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were evaluated using standard level 1 polysomnography and cephalometric analyses. The subjects were categorized into normal, overweight and obese groups according to the WHO Asian-Pacific BMI criteria. Respiratory indices and cephalometric parameters were compared among groups. Results: The 131 patients consisted of 111 males and 20 females, with a mean age of 44.1±12.4 years. The mean value of BMI was 25.3±3.4 kg/m2 for all subjects, 20.6±2.2 kg/m2 for normal (n=27), 24.0±0.5 kg/m2 for overweight (n=33) and 27.6±2.2 kg/m2 for obese (n=71). The obese group had a significantly higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and respiratory arousal index and lower oxygen saturation level than the normal group (p<0.05). Total AHI, mean oxygen saturation level and respiratory arousal index were significantly correlated with BMI (p<0.001). A longer soft palate and anterior position of the hyoid bone were significantly correlated with BMI level (p ≤0.05). Conclusions: Obese patients have a higher risk of compromised craniofacial skeletal features and soft tissue structures, and severe OSA than non-obese patients.

Gender-specific cephalometric features related to obesity in sleep apnea patients: trilogy of soft palate-mandible-hyoid bone

  • Cho, Seok Hyun;Jeon, Jae-Yun;Jang, Kun-Soo;Kim, Sang Yoon;Kim, Kyung Rae;Ryu, Seungho;Hwang, Kyung-Gyun
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
    • /
    • 제41권
    • /
    • pp.58.1-58.8
    • /
    • 2019
  • Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between gender-specific and obesity-related airway anatomy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by using cephalometric analyses. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 206 patients with suspected OSA undergoing polysomnography and anthropometric measurements such as body mass index, neck circumference, and waist-hip ratio. We checked lateral cephalometry to measure tissue landmarks including angle from A point to nasion to B point (ANB), soft palate length (SPL), soft palate thickness (SPT), retropalatal space (RPS), retrolingual space (RLS), and mandibular plane to hyoid (MPH). Results: Male with OSA showed significantly increased SPL (P = .006) compared with controls. SPL and MPH had significant correlation with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and central obesity. Female with OSA showed significantly increased ANB (P = .013) and SPT (P = .004) compared with controls. The receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that SPT in male and ANB and SPT in female were significant in model 1 (AHI ≥ 5) and model 2 (AHI ≥ 15). MPH was also significant for male in model 2. Conclusion: Male and female with OSA had distinct anatomic features of the upper airway and different interactions among soft palate, mandible, and hyoid bone.

폐쇄성 수면무호흡 증후군과 일차성 불면증에서 심박동률 변이도 지수의 비교 (Comparison of Heart Rate Variability Indices between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Primary Insomnia)

  • 남지원;박두흠;유재학;유승호;하지현
    • 수면정신생리
    • /
    • 제19권2호
    • /
    • pp.68-76
    • /
    • 2012
  • 목 적: 수면 장애는 자율신경계의 변화를 유발하여 심혈관계에 영향을 준다. 일차성 불면증(primary insomnia, 이하 PI)은 수면부족 및 각성으로, 폐쇄성 수면무호흡 증후군(obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, 이하 OSAS)은 수면 중 빈번한 각성, 저산소증 등으로 교감신경계 항진을 유발한다. 이에 OSAS와 PI 사이에서 심박동률 변이도(heart rate variability, 이하 HRV) 분석을 통해 자율신경계의 변화 정도를 비교하고자 하였다. 방 법: 임상병력 및 야간수면다원검사(nocturnal polysomnography, 이하 NPSG)로 선택된 PI와 OSAS 전체 315 명의 대상자 중 OSAS는 무호흡-저호흡 지수(apnea-hypopnea index, 이하 AHI)에 따라서 경도, 중등도, 중증도 OSAS로 분류하여 PI를 포함하여 4개의 군으로 분류되었다. 이후 연령, 성별, 군간 개체수를 고려하여 최종적으로 110명의 대상자가 선택되었고, PI군(평균나이 41.50, 표준편차 13.16, AHI <5, n=20), 경도 OSAS군(평균나이 43.67, 표준편차 12.11, AHI 5~15, n=30), 중등도 OSAS군(평균나이 44.93, 표준편차 12.38, AHI 16~30, n=30), 중증도 OSAS군(평균 나이 45.87, 표준편차 12.44, AHI >30, n=30)의 4개 군으로 나누었다. 이후 NPSG를 통해 얻은 각 군의 HRV 지수 비교를 위하여 연령과 체질량지수(body weight index, BMI)를 공변량으로 하여 공분산분석(analysis of covariance, ANCOVA)를 실시한 후 사후분석으로 Sidak test를 실시하였다. 결 과: HRV 지수의 비교 결과 PI군과 경도, 중등도의 OSAS군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 그러나 PI군과 중증도 OSAS군 사이에는 유의한 차이가 있었다. 군간비교에서 통계적으로 가장 현저한 차이를 보인 PI군과 중증도 OSAS군에서 HRV 지수 중 통계적으로 의미 있는 각각의 값은 다음과 같았다. Average RR interval은 $991.1{\pm}27.1$$875.8{\pm}22.0$ ms(p=0.016), standard deviation of NN interval(SDNN)은 $85.4{\pm}6.6$$112.8{\pm}5.4$ ms(p=0.022), SDNN index는 $57.5{\pm}5.2$$87.6{\pm}4.2$(p<0.001), total power는 $11893.5{\pm}1359.9$$8097.0{\pm}1107.2ms^2$(p=0.008), very low frequency(VLF)는 $7534.8{\pm}1120.1$$11883.8{\pm}912.0ms^2$(p=0.035), low frequency(LF)는 $2724.2{\pm}327.8$$4351.6{\pm}266.9ms^2$였다(p=0.003). 결 론: 본 연구에서는 PI군에 비해 중증도의 OSAS군에서 HRV 지수 중 교감신경계의 영향을 많이 받는 VLF, LF 등이 상승하는 양상을 보였고, 이를 통해 PI에 비해 중증도의 OSAS가 교감신경계 활동증가에 보다 더 큰 영향을 끼치는 것을 알 수 있었다.

폐쇄성 수면 무호흡-저호흡증후군 환자에서 과도한 주간졸음증과 혈압 사이의 연관성 (The Association between Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Blood Pressure in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome)

  • 김천식;김대식
    • 대한임상검사과학회지
    • /
    • 제48권3호
    • /
    • pp.255-261
    • /
    • 2016
  • 수면무호흡-저호흡를 가지고 있는 환자에서 과도한 주간졸음증의 표현형과 혈압 사이의 관계를 조사하고자 한다. 환자는 수면 다원검사 결과에 따른 무호흡-저호흡지수가 5미만인 그룹은 코골이 그룹(n=108), 5~15 사이는 경도 무호흡 그룹(n=186), 15~30 사이는 중증도 무호흡 그룹(n=179), 30 이상인 그룹은 중증 무호흡 그룹(n=233)으로 나누었다. 혈압 측정은 검사 시작 전과 후에 똑바로 누운 자세에서 3분 간격으로 2회 측정 후 평균값으로 야간 혈압과 아침 혈압을 측정하였다. 주간졸음증군과 비주간졸음증군의 수면 파라미터와 혈압과의 상관관계를 측정하였다. 수면 파리미터와 혈압과의 이변량 상관관계에서 평균 동맥혈압과 체질량지수, 무호흡-저호흡지수, 총 각성지수는 양의 상관관계로 나타났고(r=0.099, r=0.142, r=0.135, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01), 최저산소포화도는 음의 상관관계로 나타났다(r=-0.258, p<0.01). 주간졸음증군은 비주간졸음증군에 비해 나이가 어리고($47.2{\pm}11.3$ vs $50.3{\pm}11.4$, p=0.023), 이완기 혈압이 높고(야간 이완기혈압과 아침 이완기혈압, $83.1{\pm}9.7$ vs $81.4{\pm}8.8$, $86.4{\pm}9.2$ vs $83.6{\pm}9.7$)(p=0.031, p=0.047), 수축기혈압도 높았다(야간 수축기혈압, 아침 수축기혈압, $126.7{\pm}11.2$ vs $123.4{\pm}12.4$, $128.9{\pm}12.4$ vs $125.3{\pm}12.9$)(p=0.021, p=0.021). 무호흡-저호흡를 가지고 있으면서 고혈압이 있고, 주간졸음증을 함께 가지고 있는 그룹은 그렇지 않은 그룹에 비해 나이가 어리고, 총 각성숫자가 높고, 아침과 야간 수축기 및 이완기혈압이 높았다(p<0.005, p=0.008, p<0.001, p<0.001). 결론적으로 주간졸음증의 표현형은 나이가 어리고, 아침 및 야간 수축기혈압과 이완기혈압이 높고, 수면 중 산소포화도가 더 떨어졌다.

구호흡 어린이에서 수면호흡장애와 상기도와의 관계 (Relationship between Upper Airway and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children with Mouth Breathing)

  • 김도영;이대우;김재곤;양연미
    • 대한소아치과학회지
    • /
    • 제46권1호
    • /
    • pp.38-47
    • /
    • 2019
  • 구호흡을 야기하는 가장 흔한 원인은 상기도의 폐쇄이다. 구호흡은 수면호흡장애의 병인론적 원인이 될 수 있으며, 어린이에서 수면호흡장애는 성장장애와 행동학적 문제를 일으킬 수 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 구호흡 어린이에서 수면호흡장애와 상기도와의 관계를 조사하고자 함에 있다. 초진 설문지에서 구호흡이 있다고 응답한 7 - 9세의 20명 남자 어린이를 대상으로 하였다. 편도평가, 구호흡 및 수면호흡장애와 관련된 설문지, 측모두부 방사선사진, 그리고 휴대용 간이수면검사를 시행하였다. 수면호흡장애에 대한 평가로 무호흡-저호흡 지수(apnea-hypopnea index, AHI), 산소불포화 지수(oxygen desaturation index, ODI)와 측모두부 방사선 사진을 통해 측정한 상기도 폭경과의 관계를 평가하였다. 상기도 부위 중 후구개 거리와 후설 거리는 무호흡-저호흡 지수와 산소불포화 지수가 커질수록 좁아지는 경향을 보였다(p = 0.002, p = 0.001). 또한, 편도의 크기와는 유의한 상관관계는 없었지만, 아데노이드 비대율의 경우 무호흡-저호흡 지수가 비정상군이 정상군에 비해 아데노이드가 비대하였다(p = 0.008). 이 연구결과를 통해 구호흡이 상기도에 영향을 미칠 수 있고 이는 수면호흡장애까지 연관될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Effects of Modified Jaw Thrust Maneuver During Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) between Positional and Non-Positional Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

  • ;구수권
    • 임상이비인후과
    • /
    • 제29권2호
    • /
    • pp.190-197
    • /
    • 2018
  • Background and Objectives : Positional OSAS is characterized by an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) score >5, which, while sleeping in the supine position, is double that in non-supine position. This study was performed to compare the clinical characteristics of positional OSAS and non-positional OSAS patients, and the effects of the modified jaw thrust maneuver during drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) between positional OSAS and non-positional OSAS patients. Materials and Methods : 68 positional OSAS patients and 19 non-positional OSAS patients were included. They all underwent full-night polysomnography and DISE. The modified jaw thrust maneuver was introduced during DISE. Airway structural changes induced by the modified jaw thrust maneuver were evaluated and documented. Results : There were no statistically significant differences in Friedman stage or tonsil grade, body mass index, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score, blood pressure, AHI, or obstructive pattern between the positional and non-positional OSAS patients. However, mean arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), lowest SaO2, and total arousal index values were more severe in the non-positional OSAS patients. After introduction of the modified jaw thrust maneuver, retrolingual level obstruction showed a tendency toward a higher rate of airway opening in positional OSAS patients than in non-positional OSAS patients. Conclusions : The effects of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) can be estimated by carrying out a modified jaw thrust maneuver during DISE. The tendency toward a higher rate of airway opening in positional OSAS patients than non-positional OSAS patients in retrolingual level obstruction after jaw thrust maneuver introduced during DISE may be clinically important for MAD.

폐쇄성수면무호흡증 환자의 야간뇨 유병률 및 관련인자 (Prevalence and Predictors of Nocturia in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome)

  • 강현희;이종민;이상학;문화식
    • 수면정신생리
    • /
    • 제21권1호
    • /
    • pp.14-20
    • /
    • 2014
  • 목 적: 본 연구는 수면 무호흡증이 의심되어 수면 클리닉을 내원한 남성 환자를 대상으로 야간뇨의 유병률 및 이를 예측할 수 있는 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2009년부터 2012년까지 수면무호흡증이 의심이 되어 수면 클리닉을 방문한 남성 환자를 대상으로 임상적 소견 및 수면다원검사 결과를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 배뇨 증상은 국제전립선증상점수를 기준으로 측정하였다. 임상적으로 유의한 야간뇨은 밤 동안에 2회 이상 배뇨를 하기 위해 깨는 경우로 정의하였다. 폐쇄성수면무호흡증은 무호흡-저호흡 지수가 5 이상인 경우로 정의하였다. 결 과: 전체 161명의 분석 대상자의 평균 연령은 $46.7{\pm}14.1$세였다. 이 중 27명은 단순 코골이 환자였으며 134명은 폐쇄성수면무호흡증 환자로 진단 되었다. 야간뇨는 53명의 폐쇄성수면무호흡증 환자, 8명의 단순 코골이 환자에서 관찰되었다. 전체 분석 대상환자에서 야간뇨의 유병률은 37.9%, 폐쇄성수면무호흡증 환자에서 야간뇨의 유병률은 39.6%였으나, 폐쇄성수면무호흡증의 유무에 따른 야간뇨 발생의 통계학적 차이는 없었다. 야간뇨를 호소한 환자가 야간뇨가 없는 환자보다 무호흡-저호흡 지수가 통계적으로 유의하게 더 높았다(p=0.001). 야간뇨를 동반한 폐쇄성수면무호흡증 환자는 야간뇨를 호소하지 않은 폐쇄성수면무호흡증 환자에 비하여 각성 지수가 더 높았고, 혈중 산소 포화도는 더 낮은 것으로 분석 되었다. 다중회귀분석에서 나이와 무호흡-저호흡 지수가 야간뇨의 유무를 예측할 수 있는 인자로 분석 되었으며, 나이에 따른 야간뇨의 위험도는 1.4, 무호흡-저호흡 지수에 따른 위험도는 1.02로 나타났다. 결 론: 본 연구에서 폐쇄성수면무호흡증 환자에서 야간뇨의 빈도는 높은 것으로 나타났다. 폐쇄성수면무호흡증 환자에서 야간뇨의 동반여부를 예측할 수 있는 유용한 인자는 나이와 무호흡-저호흡 지수였다.

청소년에서 수면 무호흡 진단을 위한 수면 다원 검사의 판독 방법 (Scoring Methods of Polysomnography for Diagnosis of Sleep Apnea in Adolescents)

  • 이규성;신승수;이일재;최병주;최지호;박도양;김한태;김현준
    • Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
    • /
    • 제61권11호
    • /
    • pp.593-599
    • /
    • 2018
  • Background and Objectives Respiratory scoring guidelines for children and adults have been used for evaluating adolescents both in the 2007 and 2012 American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) scoring manuals. We compared the scoring methods of polysomnography used in these scoring manuals, where pediatric and adult scoring rules were adopted for the diagnosis of sleep apnea in adolescents. Subjects and Method 106 Korean subjects aged between 13 and 18 years were enrolled. All subjects underwent overnight polysomnography in a sleep laboratory. Data were scored according to both pediatric and adult guidelines in the 2007 and 2012 AASM scoring manuals. Results Both pediatric and adult apnea hypopnea index (AHI) using the 2012 method were significantly higher than those using the 2007 method. The difference in AHI compared between pediatric and adult scores with the 2012 AASM scoring system was markedly decreased from that with the 2007 method. There was a significant discordance in sleep apnea diagnosis between pediatric and adult scoring rules in the 2012 method. Conclusion Both pediatric and adult rules were used for the diagnosis of adolescent sleep apnea in the 2012 method. However, there was significant discordance in the diagnosis between pediatric and adult scoring guidelines in the 2012 AASM manual, probably due to different cut-off values of AHI for the diagnosis of sleep apnea in pediatric (${\geq}1$) and adult (${\geq}5$) patients. Further studies are needed to determine a more reasonable cut-off value for the diagnosis of sleep apnea in adolescents.

폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증에 있어 두부 규격 방사선 계측학적 기여 인자 (CEPHALOMETRIC PREDICTORS OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA)

  • 권대근;조용원;안병훈;서영성
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
    • /
    • 제29권5호
    • /
    • pp.338-345
    • /
    • 2003
  • Purpose : This study was intended to perform cephalometric comparison between the patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The factors influencing the OSA in the lateral cephalogram was also investigated. Patient and Method : Twenty four patients who visited Sleep Disorder Clinic in Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University and evaluated with polysomnograph(PSG) and cephalogram were included in the study. The patients had apnea-hypopnea episode(AHI) over 10 times per hour was diagnosed as OSA after overnight PSG. To evaluate hard and soft tissue profile, cephalometric radiogram were taken at maximal intercuspation(P1) and mandibular protruding position(P2). The diffefence between the OSA and normal group were evaluated statistically and the stepwise regression analysis was applied to analyse the cephalometric influencing factors to OSA. Result : The OSA Group(n=14) had significantly higher Body Mass Index(BMI) than control group(n=10). Lower facial height(ANSGn) was longer in OSA group. However statistically significant difference was not detected in other anteroposterior craniofacial measurements. The soft palate lenth (PNS-P), hyoid position (MP-Hyoid) had positive correlation between AHI (r=0.496, r=0.413, respectively, p<0.05). However, the measurements of oropharyngeal airway was not different between the two groups. The hypothesis, the antero-posteriorly narrow oropharyngeal airway might aggravate the airway resistance and can give rise to higher AHI, was not accepted in the study. This can be attributed by inclusion of the patients performed uvulopalatopharyngoplasty because of the tonsilar or soft palate hypertrophy in the present study. The results of regression analysis revealed that PNS-P, upper airway width(Nph1), upper facial heght(N-ANS), and lower facial height(ANS-Gn) could influence the degree of AHI (F value < 0.0001, $R^2$ = 0.829). Conclusion : We suggest lateral cephalogram may utilized as a useful method to evaluate OSA. The patient with long soft palate, narrow upper airway width, long upper & lower facial height can be expected to have high risk of OSA. However, it should be emphasized the comphrehensive intraoral inspection including soft palate and tonsilar hypertrophy because lateral cepahlogram cannot visualize oropharyngeal status completely.