• ALGAE
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.315-324
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• 2005

Anatomical organization of Stoechospermum marginatum reveals small cortical cells with moderately dense cytoplasm, overlying a multilayered medulla comparatively poor in cytoplasmic contents. The anticlinal walls of cortical cells show local thickenings rich in alginic acids. Sori form on both thallus surfaces and show tetrasporangia, paraphyses and sterile-cells. The unicellular paraphyses are rich in sulphated polysaccharides whereas multicellular ones have abundance of not only polysaccharides, but also of vacuoles and phenols. The sterile-cells are modified cortical cells present on either side of the tetrasporangium and bear cytoplasmic strands towards soral cavity. Various stages of tetrasporogenesis are seen in a single sorus. The developing tetrasporangium shows a two layered wall, where the outer one is rich in alginic acid and inner has sulphated polysaccharides. An apical pad aids tetraspore release. Also involved in the release process are sterile-cells, paraphyses and polysaccharides.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.479-487
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• 2012

Biological attachment device is optimized in insect legs for attachment onto the variety of natural substrate. We have studied the microstructural characteristics of the tarsal appendages in the ladybug Harmonia axyridis using scanning electron microscopy to reveal the attachment system of their legs. The attachment devices are composed of claws and adhesive pads. The claws are connected with pretarsal segment, and their apical diverged hooks are developed to hold rough substrates. In contrast, the adhesive pads have an adhesive function onto smooth surface. The pads are interspersed at the ventral part of each tarsomere, and are composed of two kinds of hairy setae. The discoid tip seta (DtS) has a spoon-shaped endplate usually with a rounded concave structure, whereas the pointed tip seta (PtS) has a pointed tip, usually with a hooked endplate. While the PtS is broadly localized concentrically on the marginal area of both the proximal and distal pads, the DtS can be seen at the central areas of each adhesive pad except for the hind legs. Our findings demonstrate the presence of the direction-dependence pattern of the fibrillar system as well as a functional modification of the tenent setae to achieve proper contact with almost any kind of substrates.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2000

The external morphology of male and female of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) was studied using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three types of sensilla were identified on the funicle of antennae. The trichoid sensilla were most conspicious and distributed with a characteristic sharp structure at the apical end. Basiconic sensilla were showed distal curvature about $13{\mu}m$ long and $1.2{\mu}m$ to $1.4{\mu}m$ in diameter. Grooved sensilla were showed a finger-like projections at the peg apex. The function of these sensilla likely to be olfactory. The mouthparts were adapted for sucking food, and formed a elongate rostrum which was incorporated with labrum. The labrum was a small and flap-like shape. The slender and paired maxillary palp seemed to combine with each other lengthwise to long tube. The tarsus typically consisted of 5 segments, which might be variously modified, principally by thickening or flattening. The segment beared a pair of claws. Beneath the claws, there was a pair of pad-like pulvillia and a bristle-like median empodium. L. trifolii might secreted on the pulvillus and empodium an adhesive substance that enable them to cling to smooth surfaces. Male terminalia was complicated. The name 'aedeagus' seemed the best available general term for the copulatory organ, otherwise, female terminalia was usually relatively simple. This structure was reduced and formed a telescopic, eversible, and tubular ovipositor.