• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 1986

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 실내(室內)에서 복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)을 OP계(系) 살충제 acephate로 누대도태(累代淘汰)시켜 저항성(抵抗性) 발달속도(發達速度)와 정도(程度), 다른 살충제와의 교차저항성(交叉抵抗性) 유무(有無), 나아가 그들 계통(系統)에서 esterase isozyme을 검출(檢出)하여 살충제) 저항성(抵抗性)과의 관계를 검토(檢討)코자 하였다. 1. 복숭아혹진딧물의 acephate 저항성(抵抗性) 발달(發達) 속도(速度)는 5세대(世代) 도태(淘汰)에서 $1.0{\sim}1.6$배(倍), 10세대(世代) 도태(淘汰)에서 $2.2{\sim}2.8$배(倍), 15세대(世代) 도태(淘汰)에서 $3.5{\sim}5.1$배(倍), 20세대(世代) 도태(淘汰)에서 $6.7{\sim}9.3$배(倍)로 증대(增大)되었다. 2. Acephate 20세대(世代) 도태저항성(淘汰抵抗性) 계통(系統)은 24시간(時間) 조사(調査)에서는 acephate자체(自體)에 대하여 31.7배(倍), cypermethrin에 대해서는 507.3배(倍), oxydometon-methyl에 대해서는 49.7배(倍), pirimicarb에 대해서는 7.5배(倍)이었고 48시간((時間) 조사(調査)에서는 acephate 자체(自體)에 대하여 32.0배(倍), cypermetherin에 대하여 475.6배(倍), oxydemeton-methyl에 대하여 21.5배(倍), pirimicarb에 대(對)하여 8.9배(倍)이었다. 3. Acephate 저항성(抵抗性) 계통(系統)은 cypermethrin과 oxydemeton-methyl에 대하여 높은 교차저항성(交叉抵抗性)을 나타내었고 pirimicarb에 대해서는 낮은 교차저항성(交叉抵抗性)을 나타내었다. 4. Esterase isozyme의 영동대(泳動帶)에 있어서 $Est\;{\alpha}-1,\;Est\;{\alpha}-2,\;{\beta}-1$는 저항성(抵抗性), 감수성(感受性) 두 계통(系統) 모두에서 검출(檢出)되었으나 $Est\;{\beta}-2$는 acephate 저항성(抵抗性) 계통(系統)에서만 검출(檢出)되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.209-213
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• 1986

사과, 복숭아, 배나무등을 가해(加害)하는 진딧물의 종류(種類)와 우점종(優占種) 및 발생소장(發生消長)을 $'82{\sim}'84$년(年)까지 농기연(農技硏)과 원예시험장(園藝試驗場)의 살충제(殺蟲劑) 무살포(無撤布) 과수원(果樹園)에서 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 사과나무를 가해(加害)하는 진딧물은 사과혹진딧물과 조팝나무진딧물로 우점종(優占種)은 $4{\sim}7$월(月)에 사과혹진딧물, $8{\sim}10$월(月)에 조팝나무진딧물로 시기(時期)에 따라서 변화(變化)하였고, 사과혹진딧물은 6월상순(月上旬), 8월상순(月上旬), 10월상순(月上旬)에, 조팝나무진딧물은 6월상순(月上旬), 8월중순(月中旬), 9월하순(月下旬)에 최대밀도(最大密度)를 형성(形成)하였다. 그 이후(以後)에는 복숭아가루진딧물진딧물이었으며, 복숭아혹진딧물은 5월하순(月下旬)$\sim$6월상순(月上旬), 복숭아가루진딧물은 6월중순(月中旬)과 10월중순(月中旬)에 최대밀도(最大密度)를 형성(形成)하였다. 3. 배나무를 가해(加害)하는 진딧물은 배나무동글밑진딧물, 자주동글진딧물, 조팝나무진딧물등으로 우점종은 4월(月)$\sim$6월(月)과 10월(月)에는 배나무동글밑진 2. 복숭아나무를 가해(加害)하는 진딧물은 복숭아혹진딧물, 복숭아가루진딧물, 복숭아잎혹진딧물등으로 우점종(優占種)은 초봄에는 복숭아혹진딧물이었고 딧물, $7{\sim}9$월(月)에는 조팝나무진딧물이였으며, 배나무동글밑진딧물은 5월하순(月下旬)과 10월하순(月下旬)에 조팝나무진딧물은 6월상순(月上旬)과 9월상순(月上旬)에 최대밀도(最大密度)를 형성(形成)하였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2023

진딧물 방제제 개발을 위해 In vitro 경엽살포 검정방법이 널리 사용되고 있다. 이러한 신소재 진딧물 방제 제형은 종합방제와 화학농약의 대안으로 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 하지만, 경엽살포 검정방법은 환경이 조절되는 실내에서도 진딧물의 증식과 살충에 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 담배를 기주로 하여 솜과 한천방법을 이용하여 진딧물 방제제 검정을 위한 최적 경엽살포 확립하고자 하였다. 진딧물 검정 챔버에 솜과 한천을 넣은 후 담배 잎과 진딧물 3-4령 약충을 접종하였다. Water-sensitive paper를 이용하여 경엽살포 시에 가장 표면 피복이 높은 최적 경엽살포 거리와 살포량을 확립하였다. 대조구로 물을 처리한 구에서 한천 방법이 솜 방법에 비해 살충율이 낮고, 증식율이 높았다. 솜 검정 방법에는 곤충 검정 챔버의 상대습도를 60% 이상 유지시켰을 때 가장 최적 조건이었지만, 한천 검정 방법에서는 한천의 농도에 상대습도 차이가 없었다. 최적화된 조건하에서 대조화학 농약, Sulfoxaflor, 경엽살포 시 솜 방법에서 살충율이 한천방법보다 빨랐지만, 최종 살충율은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구는 살진딧물 물질을 검정 시 재현성과 활용성이 가능한 최적화된 증식율과 살충율 검정 조건을 제시하였다.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.501-506
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• 2004

In organic agriculture, choose of effective and cheap bio-pesticide is very important. The authors developed an insecticidal extract from neem cake, waste of neem oil from kernel, and applied as a bio-pesticide. Bio-pesticide neem cake extracts experiment on cabbage pest was carried out at Wonju Agricultural Technology and Extension Center from 11 March to 30 May 2003. There were six treatments with three replications, using completely randomized design. Treatments involved three and six sprays of synthetic pyrethroid pesticide cypermethrin 10 EC at the dilution rate of 2.2 mL $L^{-1}$ of distilled water and four, five and six sprays of bio-pesticide neem at the dilution rate of 13.3 mL $L^{-1}$ of distilled water, and untreated control. For each treatment, designated sprayings were done at 7 days interval. Pre-spray data showed that the plants in all the experimental plots were already infested with aphid (Aphis gossypii), and diamondback moth (Pluetella xylostella). The results indicated that all neem pesticide treatments were more effective in insecticidal activity than the untreated control and the chemical treatments in controlling aphids and diamondback moth. Among the three neem treatments, there were no significant differences between them.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.497-502
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• 2020

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is an economically important plant pathogen that causes stunted growth, delayed heading, leaf yellowing, and purple leaf tip, thereby reducing the yields of cereal crops worldwide. In the present study, a reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay was developed for the detection of BYDV in oat leaf samples. The RT-RPA assay involved incubation at an isothermal temperature (42℃) and could be performed rapidly in 5 min. In addition, no cross-reactivity was observed to occur with other cereal-infecting viruses, and the method was 100 times more sensitive than conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the assay was validated for the detection of BYDV in both field-collected oat leaves and viruliferous aphids. Thus, the RT-RPA assay developed in the present study represents a simple, rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for detecting BYDV in oats.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2008

To select entomopathogenic fungi controlling aphids effectively, several isolates were screened against second instars of Myzus persicae nymphs in the glasshouse using conidia suspension at $1.0{\times}10^5$ conidia/ml. Among these isolates, SFB-205 conidia showed the highest insecticidal activity about 32.7% efficacy to M. persicae at 4 days after application in the glasshouse. The attachment of SFB-205 conidia on the surface of M. persicae nymphs, and germination and penetration were observed using scanning electron microscopy. SFB-205 was identified as Beauveria bassiana species through the comparison of 5.8 s rRNA genes. There were 24 polymorphisms between SFB-205 and the previously reported isolate, B. bassiana ATCC74040 using six kinds of primer combinations in amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. The B. bassiana SFB-205 might be used as a practical biological control agent for the green peach aphid, M. persicae in the field.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.253-264
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• 2009

상추의 가을재배에서 공기 교반 장치로 실내 온도와 습도를 조절해 주면 잿빛곰팡이병(B. cinerea)과 무름병(E. carotovora)이 감소되었으며, 수량도 30% 이상 증수되었다. 배추의 진딧물 밀도는 천적인 무당벌레(H. axyridis)와 콜레마니진디벌(A. colemani)을 방사하며 현저히 감소되었다. 난황유와 BT제를 혼합하여 살포하면 배추의 무름병(E. carotovora), 노균병(P. brassicae), 흰가루병(E. polygoni)의 발생과 배추좀나방(P. xylostella)과 파밤나방(S. exigua)의 발생 밀도가 현저하게 감소하였다. 파의 노균병(P. destructor) 발생은 Neem 추출물을 처리하여 무처리 대비 60% 이상 낮출 수 있었다. 파좀나방의 충해는 잎굴파리고치벌에 의해 23% 감소되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.861-873
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• 2017

The present study was conducted to investigate the developmental characteristics of Propylea japonica Thunberg (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae), a predator of aphids under laboratory conditions. The development times of the egg and immature stages of Propylea japonica were investigated at ten constant temperatures(15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, 35 and $38{\pm}1^{\circ}C$; 14L:10D; $60{\pm}5%$ RH). Development time was longest at $17.5^{\circ}C$. The developmental periods of P. japonica from the time of egg oviposited to adult emergence was 36.9 days at $17.5^{\circ}C$, and it decreased ash temperature increasing. Threshold temperature of development and degree days of the P. japonica from egg to adult were $11.9^{\circ}C$ and 196.0 respectively. The Briere 2 and Lactin 2 modes were best fitted for all development stages. The distribution of completion of each development stage was explain relatively well that 2-parameter, 3-parameter and Logistic model except egg and pupal stage.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.433-439
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• 1998

The studies on the ecology of virus disease on Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis) cultivated in alpine area of Kangwon province during summer season to analyse its influence on damage and develope a prediction model were performed from 1993 to 1997. Virus disease on Chinese cabbage occurring in the alpine area showed various symptom types and among there, necrotic spots and dwarf were mainly detected. The disease was increased from early August and continued mid September in every year. The occurrence of virus disease was the highest in 1994 with 20.5%, and the number of aphid vectors were also the highest during the same period. The number of aphids in the alpine areas showed twice peaks every year. For the analysis of damage by virus infection, the infection and injured ratio of all treatments were more than 90% and 80%, respectively. The most important factor for the occurrence of virus disease on Chinese cabbage was temperature. Factors influencing the development of the viral disease in the alpine area were maximum temperature and number of aphid vectors.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2007

A fine segmentation algorithm is proposed for extracting objects in an image, which have both weak boundaries and highly non-convex shapes. The image has simple background colors or simple object colors. Two concepts, geometric attraction-driven flow (GADF) and edge-regions are combined to detect boundaries of objects in a sub-pixel resolution. The main strategy to segment the boundaries is to construct initial curves close to objects by using edge-regions and then to make a curve evolution in GADF. Since the initial curves are close to objects regardless of shapes, highly non-convex shapes are easily detected and dependence on initial curves in boundary-based segmentation algorithms is naturally removed. Weak boundaries are also detected because the orientation of GADF is obtained regardless of the strength of boundaries. For a fine segmentation, we additionally propose a local region competition algorithm to detect perceptible boundaries which are used for the extraction of objects without visual loss of detailed shapes. We have successfully accomplished the fine segmentation of objects from images taken in the studio and aphids from images of soybean leaves.