• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.347-362
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• 2020

Background and objective: It is difficult to conclusively determine the exact cause of tree defects since multiple causes are involved such as climate change, plantation, tree quality and planting time, construction, planting base, drainage, sunshine conditions, maintenance, and microclimate. The data related to landscaping construction defects are scattered or fragmented by companies and years, but not managed systematically by the defect information management system. Most of the earlier studies associated with tree defects in apartment complexes suggested defect rates after examining tree defects in the completed construction site and proposed fragmentary and subjective conclusions about the causes of defects observed in trees with high defect rates. It is proposed to continue to conduct studies on the establishment and analysis of systematic databases to identify the exact causes of tree defects and measures to improve, and the need to accumulate systematic data in the construction process where many defects arises. This study was conducted to reduce the defects of trees planted in apartment complexes. Methods: Main factors related to tree defects were subdivided based on the results of literature review and a defect investigation at the completion site, and tree history management items were selected and subdivided during the construction stage. Results: The criteria for the preparation of subdivided items were obtained, and the tree history management checklist was written for the site under actual construction and a systematic database was established. Items that are categorized based to the causes of defects include the location of nurseries, date, tree quality, site conditions, planting techniques, microclimates, and maintenance. Conclusion: This study suggested tree history management items based on the tree defects that can be identified at the construction stage and applied them to the selected study site, which differentiates this study from earlier studies. It will be necessary to conduct a comprehensive and objective time series analysis on tree defects that occur over time by continuously monitoring and collecting data after construction.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.85-95
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• 2001

This study was conducted to develop the Apartment Information System. This integrated information system is designed to provide a large number of users with the convenient, economical, and safe life in the apartment complex. The characteristics of this system are as follows; 1) The system was developed by CAD technology using 2D and 3D methods with Web base. 2) This system has 2-Tire structures which are able to embody the geographic information on the Web base without special Spatial Engine. 3) Since the spatial data applied to this system is a vector file format, the speed of electrical transmission is fast and it makes possible to search spatially for the client method. The results of this study may contribute to make use of the information system for apartment complex as follows; 1) This system can be used together by the communities of apartment residence, maintenance company and construction company. 2) Also this system can help residence to communicate sharing information and can support the apartment management with open information and clarity. Expecially, the practical data gathering was made for this study only.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.283-286
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• 2002

Defect problems happening in the course of stressing quantity expansion of residence supply due to lark in maintenance are intensifying insincerity of construction business resulting from the psychological and economic damage, and there are many quarrel between residence suppliers and consumers. Because an apartment house's qualify is decided by various elements from design, to lotting-out, construction, and after-management, it is limited to express house capacity and standard to appraise defect objectively and quantifiably. The bound of defect and the period of guarantee expressed cleary in regulation of apartment house lack in quantifiable concept, and guarantee of defect is composed of a general concept. Therefore the big difference in opinion about defect and the bound of repair makes repair process slow and only to increase social costs. This research will give residence suppliers and consumers a resonable way to solve repair process during tile obliged period of guarantee since moving into from a process which are design, planing, construction, and after management. Furthermore it will present each business and role to conclude defect repair easily, so I planed to promote maintenance after conclusion of defect repair.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.47-56
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• 2009

Housing Performance Rating Indication System was started in 2006. The aim of Housing Performance Rating Indication is to provide the guideline of housing performance. Repair Convenience is similar to Remodeling. Remodeling has been paid more attention as an alternative for reconstruction. Especially, now the actual house supply is facing almost 100%, it is time to keep and maintenance management of apartment buildings, and ultimately it will expand the Long life housing. Especially consumers has to have a right to select apartment buildings by comparing performance of house. For construction companies, they need a performance code that standardized by government, so they can provide a Certain performing house. This study examines data which has been obtained from the recent application of Housing Performance Rating Indication System and Repair Convenience category is main concern. Findings from the study will provide vital information in improving current Housing Performance Rating Indication System.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.63-68
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• 2011

Building deterioration would be proceeded by various causes such as physical, social, economic degradation. The deterioration would be inevitably prevented or delayed to get the decent function and performance in various building part and components. The maintenance and management are continued to provide the decent living condition for the household. The maintenance means mainly a repair, including the on-time and longterm plan. The longterm repair would be conducted by the systemic preparation in management activity and a required cost. Therefore, the annual due for the longterm repair plan is important to prepare the repair cost in a required time. In this paper, it aimed at analyzing the longterm repair cost and modelling to forecast the required cost in total area, number of household and time elapse in apartment housing. The estimation model of a repair cost is used with a power function which has a good statistics. Results of this study are shown that the sample has a longterm repair due in a $2,032won/m^2{\cdot}yr$ averagely which is higher than $912won/m^2{\cdot}yr$ in domestic. Second, the longterm repair due is proportionally correlated with the time elapse in both a total area and the number of household. Third, the estimation model for the longterm repair amount is suitable for the power function which is most in any other estimation models. Fourth, the ration of the longterm plan repair due a year to the cumulated longterm amount is about 26%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.562-566
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• 2007

In apartment house renovation project, the project progress held up in perception gap or conflict of interest with residents as usual. These dispute occurs ambiguous borderline ordistinction of Common Useing) Parts and Exclusive Possessed Private Parts. The Maintenance Covenant now in force in Korea and Japan are considered in this paper about theses item. Summarizing the conclusion is as below. 1) In The Maintenance Covenantnow in force, in definition of Ownership, Utilization, Maintenance, Japan is more ostensive than Korea. 2) The Borderline of Common Using Parts with Exclusive Possessed Parts is [Inner line of Exterior Wall] in Korea and in Japan also. But in Korea it is not in unity in purpose and action or definition and description. 3) In Japan, the Subject of Ownership is defined with hierarchically, as Housing complex-residential Building-individual dwelling, But not in Korea. 4) In Japan, [Exclusively using Common Owned Parts] are defined, But not in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.207-215
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to predict the long-term maintenance expense of BTL school projects which were ordered from the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development and each Metropolitan and Province Office of Education. For conducting this study, the adapted research method includes a case study of BTL school projects ordered from Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education in 2006. After examination of initial investment based on each $school^{\circ}{\phi}s$ operation account, it estimates maintenance expense and long-term maintenance expense. Also it compare using two methods: one is the long-term maintenance expense estimation in apartment houses and the other is AEAM(annual equivalent amount method). The results of this study are as follows: 1) It is analyzed long-term maintenance expense rates of each BTL school. As a result, it is construction(14.0), civil(1.4%), mechanical(6.5%), equipment(6.5%), electronic(11.0%), fixture(5.1%) and the rest(1.0%). 2)It is applied using two methods: one is the long-term maintenance expense estimation in apartment houses and the other is AEAM. Finally, It is compared expense deflection per $100{\beta}{\ge}$ in each month.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.305-310
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• 2012

In 2009, The Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, Korea opens apartment maintenance fee to public in "Apartment Management Info System". The high energy consumption component of apartment, which is hot water, water, electricity and heating, is released to public on this system. Through this system, apartment energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions data can be compiled and expected to be accurately analyzed. Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions statistics of the apartment are collected being made to reduce energy and gas emissions. However, The accurate survey of energy consumption trends have not been accomplished. The energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions survey in Apartment should be made first in order to reduce energy consumption. and then the correlation factors analysis which is affecting energy consumption is required. The purpose of this study is to analyze energy consumption characteristics of apartment in Bundann-gu, Seongnam, Korea in monthly, unit area and building built year basis. And then the research can be used as the basis of policy to Reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.103-109
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• 2014

Apartment housing should require the systematic maintenance to provide the decent living condition during its life. Each household should participate the maintenance activities and pay for the repair. Therefore, the required cost for repair would be needed to plan in the repair schedule because each household could not pay the much repair money at a time. After apartment constructed, a long term repair plan would be prepared in repair time, repair scope and a required cost. A few studies are said that the repair cost depends on the building deterioration, elapsed year and management factors. The above factors are not be certain to affect the repair management while it may be important to prepare the required money and the repair time. In this paper, it aimed at analyzing the correlation between the repair management and the management factors, especially total area, number of household. This would educe the unit cost per number of household and management area in the individual boiler and elevator with full change and full repair. The unit cost per number of household and area for full change are about 199,000 won/household and $1,954won/m^2$ in the individual boiler respectively. The unit cost of the elevator for full change is 94,000 won/household and $5,429won/m^2$ respectively. Second, this study shows that the elapsed year after construction would not be related the repair unit cost.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.65-72
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• 2006

Most of buildings have been deteriorated with time-elapse by reflection of the building location, material, environmental circumstances and so on. The performance would go down and be demolished if anything could not be done after constructed. The maintenance should be required to preserve a decent living condition or improve a inferior condition by various plans and practices. The maintenance plan needs various data such as a repair scope, a repair time, a forecasted cost, a plan of management and so forth. Among the above required data for planning the maintenance, the deterioration characteristics of the building components would be first analyzed. The deterioration pattern would be a key role to affect and make a maintenance plan. In this paper, it aimed at classifying the deterioration patterns of building components. A deterioration pattern would be analyzed between the cumulative repair cost and time-elapse and modeled with these relations. A deterioration patterns are classified into 4 types-a accelerated type, a straight type, a temporary type and a slowly type. As a result of this research, a accelerated type includes window, window frame, general paintings, general water proofing in building components. A straight type includes the lacquer paintings, furnishings in building components and water supply pipe, boiler, sanitaries in mechanical facilities and lighting in electric facilities. Based on these research results, further study should be conducted to include any other components and an estimating model.