• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.21
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• pp.121-128
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to provide practical guide for the Preference of exterior design in Apartment. The data is collected through questionnaire survey including observations and interviews. The sample consists of 229. The data is analyzed by using SPSS-PC. The major findings are as follows. (1) Most of residents recognize the importance of exterior design of apartments. (2) Most of residents are satisfied with the exterior design such as building form, color, and material and not satisfies with environment of apartments. (3) The most preferred color of Apartment is white as primary color and green as secondary color. (4) The most preferred color pattern is vertical type as facade, horizontal type as the back wall, super graphic and geometrical type as the side wall. (5) The preferred exterior images are modern, simple, and unique style.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2004

This study focuses on the impacts of apartment building arrangements on the outdoor and indoor air quality - the efficiency of natural ventilation in the outside/inside area of an apartment with consideration to the characteristics of an air flow in outside area depending on the types of the arrangements, the main direction of the wind, and the outside wind pressure on the building facade. As indices to evaluate the efficiency of natural ventilation, the concepts of "Age of Air" and "Purging Flow Rate(PFR)" were used in this study. As indices to classify the efficiency of indoor natural ventilation, the mean values of the wind pressure differences between the front and the back elevations of an apartment building were used. The research showed that the PFR of each apartment building arrangement ranges from 0.867 to 3.253. The "minus-shaped" arrangement showed the highest PFR, 2.306; the "zigzag-shaped" arrangement measured 1.889; the "angle-shaped" arrangement measured 1.465, and the "square-shaped" arrangement measured 1.241. Depending on the direction of the wind, the pressure differences range extremely, with variations from 170% to 2300%. Thus, the indoor natural ventilation efficiency can be changed by the pressure differences of the wind, which are sensitive to the main direction of the wind even though the structure and planning of the apartment complexes are the same. Despite the same direction of the wind, even the efficiency can be diverse. This study showed how to predict the most beneficial apartment building arrangement for the profitable natural ventilation efficiency in each direction of the wind.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.11-16
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• 2017

Giuseppe Terragni was one of the founding member and a leading Italian Rationalist pursued a new and more rational synthesis between the nationalistic values of Italian Classicism and structural logic of the machine age. Casa Giuliani Frigerio, a four-story apartment housing in Como, is one of his last major work and is worth to investigate the composition of facades in terms of ambiguity. Unlike the Casa del Fascio, it is never possible to read an priori whole and to allow static and unified readings in a traditional alignment. Due to its misalignments found within the facades of Casa Giuliani Frigerio, it is evident to present unstable and disjunctive readings. These distinctive facades are read as layers applied onto some equally unstable underlying layer and form an ensemble of unexpected unity.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Apartment balcony has been remodeled since the government permitted remodeling in January 2006.But extended balcony has great impact on building heat gain and loss. Therefore It has problems such as increase of heating and cooling energy. So $\underline{t}echnical$ solutions about window solar gain in summer is an urgent matter. The Purpose of this study is to evaluate energy performance of a blind in a double-skin facade in residential buildings by using EnergyPlus program. The results show that slat angles of $90^{\circ}$ is best in energy performance if we do not consider daylight. Poorly daylighted living room needs electric light and it also causes high cooling load. On the other hand, the results show that the application of blinds controlled automatically is best for energy performance when we consider daylight. Blind slat angles of $50\sim60^{\circ}$ have best performance when blinds are controlled in this angle throughout the day on a clear day in August. Blind slat angles of $0\sim30^{\circ}$ have best performance when blinds $\underline{are\;controlled}$ in this angle throughout the day on a cloudy day (more than 7 of total sky cover) in August.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.77-88
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• 2002

This article deals the investigations how to solve the social deficiencies of deteriorate apartments, which is a half cycle of a building and it goes slum clearance and redevelopment. And this proposes an active remodeling and design strategy, management, and housing policies for extending the usage of the resource. Most of apartment housing in Korea is built by the panel wall and slab structure system fur economic price. To remake is possible, even though not designed in flexibility and variation. The remodeling strategies are dwelling unification, transformation of two units to one or three units, addition of a room, changing into commercial and community required spaces, and reshaping of a envelop and facade by addition of a dwelling or dwellings, roof floors, change of materials and colors, and so on. And, all activities in structural aspect are proposed removal in upper part and addition in lower part of an apartment housing. Active remodeling cost a great deal compare to new construction, so any remodeling activities should be based on a minimal interfere and budgets to enhancing the quality in existing building. The final aim of an active remodeling is to enhance the quality in economic values, and to keep original state and to put on the new one in a small part. To promote the active and careful management and rehabilitation, it is necessary to give the positive incentive in terms of architectural law, bank loan, and any redevelopment project should get the remodeling record in national resources.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.27-32
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• 2013

This study focus on shaft box facade, special form of box window construction. It consists of a system of box window with continuous vertical shafts that extend over a number of stories to create a stack effect. The subject building was decided by analyzing various types of exiting apartments. Shaft box type balcony was devised by setting up shaft space at a part of balcony. Air flow and indoor air temperature were simulated, performance of shaft box type balcony was compared with existing types using VE computer simulation program. Research consequence can be summarized as follow: 1) In the case of existing types, the change of window opening rate has only a little effect on the improvement of indoor temperature. But, air flow rate increased two times in the case that changed opening rate 20% to 40% 2) In the case of existing types, the growth of air flow rate has little effect on the improvement of indoor temperature. But, shaft box type represented the remarkable effect on the improvement of indoor temperature as well as the growth of air flow rate.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.97-104
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• 2013

This proposed simulation-based design study is based on the design of residential high-rise buildings in South-Korea. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the amount of daylighting performance passing through building glazing according to sky conditions, orientation of windows and each space of Apartment buildings. The clear sky includes sunshine and is intense and brighter at the horizon than at the zenith, except in the area around the sun. Daylight received within a building is directly dependent upon the sun's position and the atmospheric conditions. Orientation of the building generally used to refer to solar orientation which is the siting of building with respect to solar access. Although any building will have different orientations for its different sides, the orientation can refer to a particular room, or to the most important facade of the building. north-facing windows receive twice the winter sun than east and west facing windows, allowing light and warmth into the home. They can be easily shaded from the high summer sun to help keep the house cool. Ideally, the glazing area should be between 10-25% of the floor area of the room. This paper was calculated by a Desktop Radiance program. The space dimensions were based on a unit module of real constructed apartment having divided into five sections such as living room, room1, room2, room3 and kitchen.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2007

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.107-117
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• 2011

This paper aims to analyze architectural planning factors that could contribute to reductions in electricity consumption in the household of apartments, to apply energy saving methods at the design phase. These six architectural planning factors were orientation, building type (flat, tower block), standard floor access type (corridor access type, stair case type, EV hall access type), household location (floor), household opening type (one side opening, right angle opening, two sides opening or three sides opening), and bay on the facade (one bay, two bays, three bays, four bays), and these were derived from literature review. Household electricity consumption data were gathered from 2168 households with a total area of 135~150$m^2$ of 6 apartment complexes over 1000 households in Seoul. The annual characteristics of electricity consumption according to architectural planning factors were analyzed. And, variances between groups with respect to the mean of summer, winter, and annual electricity consumption according to each architectural planning factors were analyzed using ANOVA and t-test. The results showed that an annual electric energy saving of over 1000kWh was facilitated by these planning factors. In addition, high energy efficiency architectural planning factors based on the analysis were as follows: southwest orientation, flat type, corridor access type and staircase type, household loation below the 20th floor, two sides opening and three sides opening, and 2 bays and 3 bays.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1450-1460
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• 2015

This study is to analyze various methods of block design elements applied in the recent apartment housing design competitions for Sejong city. It is expected to find the new design trend and good design characteristics of apartment building forms to use as the basic data of apartment housing design, because it is a case study on the ambitious design competition of the city that many major architectural firms in Korea entered and eager to propose new ideas. The results of this study are following : (1) The forms of slab block are classified into 8 types(the best applying one is ㄱ type). The forms of point block are classified into 9 types(the best applying ones are ㅁ, L and - type). (2) For the shapes of core, the forms of opposite core are classified into 6 types, the forms of parallel core are 3 types. (3) The forms of roof are classified into 4 types. The flat type is applied to 95 percent of the total cases. (4) The shapes of block mass are classified into 5 types(the best applying ones are general and void type), facade forms are 3 types(the best applying one is horizontal division type).